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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Health Notions SURABAYA PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION JOURNAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (JIKA) Jurnal Keperawatan BSI The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia Journal Medical Informatics Technology Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Novira Widajanti, Novira
Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, RSUD Dr. Soetomo
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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The Association of Demographic and Risk Factors with the Degree of Photoaging Based on the Glogau Classification in Patients with Photoaging Nayla Valinka Almira; Trisniartami Setyaningrum; Novira Widajanti
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.967

Abstract

Skin aging is influenced by intrinsic biological processes and extrinsic factors, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pollution, smoking, and dietary habits. In tropical countries such as Indonesia, chronic exposure to intense sunlight accelerates photoaging and increases the risk of skin damage. However, studies using standardized photoaging classifications in Indonesian populations, particularly in Surabaya, remain limited. This study aimed to analyze the association between demographic characteristics and risk factors with the degree of photoaging based on the Glogau classification among patients attending the dermatology outpatient clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, from January 2018 to December 2024. A retrospective descriptive-analytic study was conducted using medical records of patients diagnosed with photoaging. Total sampling was applied, and of 326 identified cases, 231 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Data collected included age, sex, occupation, UV exposure, smoking status, coffee and alcohol consumption, clinical manifestations, Glogau classification, and treatment modalities. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages, while associations between demographic characteristics, risk factors, and photoaging severity were evaluated using Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact, and Linear-by-Linear Association tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. Most patients were female (97.8%), aged 20–<45 years (51.9%), and indoor workers (97.4%). Significant UV exposure was reported by 92.2% of patients, whereas smoking (5.2%) and alcohol consumption (0.4%) were uncommon. Pigmentary changes (87.0%) and wrinkles (67.5%) were the most frequent clinical features, and Glogau II was the most prevalent classification (42.9%). Age and smoking were significantly associated with increased photoaging severity, while sex, occupation, coffee intake, and alcohol consumption showed no significant associations. These findings highlight the importance of early prevention, adequate sun protection, and smoking cessation to reduce the risk of photoaging in tropical populations.
Co-Authors Agustin Junior Nanda Deniro Agustin Junior Nanda Deniro, Agustin Junior Nanda Alvin Hartanto Kurniawan Alya Shafira Hewiz Arlia Ayu Damayanti Damayanti, Arlia Ayu Diar Meitha Wardhana Dwi Setyawan Erika Marfiani Fadhil Abiyyu Yofi Faizah, Ummi Ziyadatul Firdaus, Hadiq Gatot Sugiarto Glazydia Juwita Rachma Hadiq Firdaus Hadiq Firdausi Hemma Wahyuda Indirayani Hewiz, Alya Shafira husna, kholidatul Ichwani, Jusri Indirayani, Hemma Wahyuda Jihan Nabila Pranjasdhina Jusri Ichwani Kholidatul Husna Konginan, Agustina Kristiana, Titin Lukman Hakim Lukman Hakim Maranatha, Daniel Mia Ratwita Andarsini Mifta Nurmalasari Muhammad Amin Nayla Valinka Almira Nuniek Nugraheni Nuniek Nugraheni Sulistiawati Nurmalasari, Mifta Rhani, Salma Maha Rwahita Satyawati Rwahita Satyawati Dharmanta Salma Maha Rhani Sri Sumarmi Sri Sumarmi Trisniartami Setyaningrum Ugroseno Yudho Bintoro Ulfa Kholili Wardhana, Diar Meitha Yahya Taqiuddin Robbani Yhan Batista Yhan Batista Yofi, Fadhil Abiyyu Zurriyani Zurriyani