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All Journal E-Journal of Tourism Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business Jurnal Manajemen Dayasaing Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia

Tri Widodo

Faculty Of Economics And Business, Gadjah Mada University

Author-ID : 2608117

Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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The Impact of Nontariff Trade Policy of European Union Crude Palm Oil Import on Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Rest of the World Economy: An Analysis in GTAP Framework Rozy A. Pratama; Tri Widodo
Jurnal Ikatan Sarjana Ekonomi Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52813/jei.v9i1.28

Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest producers and exporters of palm oil in the world vegetable oil market. Palm oil and its derivative products are the highest contributors to foreign exchange in 2018. This study aims to analyze the impact of the European Union import non-tariff trade policies on the Indonesian and Malaysian economies The analysis uses the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of world trade on the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) program. The results of this study found that the non-tariff import policy by the European Union had a negative impact on the economies of Indonesia and Malaysia. Moreover, the policy also has a negative impact on countries in Southeast Asia and the European Union. This shows that the enactment of non-tariff import trade policies for Indonesian and Malaysian palm oil products has a global impact.

Shifts in Pattern of Specialization: Case Studies of India and China Tri Widodo
Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business Vol 10, No 1 (2008): January - April
Publisher : Master in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This paper examines shifts in pattern of specialization of China’s and India’s exported groups of products defined in the three-digit Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) Revision 2. This paper applies Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantages (RSCA) index and Spearman’s rank correlation. Some conclusions are withdrawn. First, on average the comparative advantages of both China and India increase, except in the case of China for the period of 1998-2003. Second, China’s pattern of comparative advantage changes more dynamically than that of India. Third, the China’s and India’s patterns of comparative advantage show different trends (divergent/more complementary).

The Diversity of Ecotourism Potentials in Kelimutu National Park of Ende Regency Josef A. Gadi Djou; M. Baiquni; Tri Widodo; C. Fandeli
E-Journal of Tourism Volume 3 Number 2 (September 2016)
Publisher : Centre of Excellence in Tourism Udayana University

Natural tourist destination management plays a crucial role in materializing three important aspects, namely conservation, participation, and education. As a tourist destination, Kelimutu National Park, possessing a big ecosystem potential, tourist and cultural potentials, is expected to provide economy, culture, and conservation impacts on the society surrounding Kelimutu National Park. The problem of this study is how the variety of ecotourism potential in Kelimutu National Park is able to prosper the surrounding society. To answer this question, the definition of ecotourism, national park, national park ecotourism, and ecotourism potential need to be understood. Several methods used in answering the problems of the study are finding out the location of Kelimutu National Park, collecting qualitative data by conducting library research and participatory observation. The results were conceptually described, supported by tables and pictures.

ANALISIS PANGSA PASAR DAN DAYA SAING CPO INDONESIA DI UNI EROPA Dian Widyaningtyas; Tri Widodo
Jurnal Manajemen Dayasaing Vol 18, No 2 (2016): Jurnal Manajemen Daya Saing
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/dayasaing.v18i2.4510

Commodities of palm oil play a strategic role in the Indonesia’s economy. In this study we concern on the competitiveness of Indonesia’s Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry and effectiveness of the potential market for Indonesia’s CPO in Uni Europe (UE). The utilization of CPO as biofuels, encouraging an significant increased of demand for CPO in UE. This study is also addressed to determine the Indonesian CPO performance among other palm oil producer country. We used the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and market share index (MSI) methods in analysing the competitiveness level. Our results showed, in 2014, export performance of Indonesia’s CPO increased. It was showed by the value of RCA1. Indonesia has competitiveness of CPO, because of the increased export volume of CPO and it’s derivates product to the major importer countries, such as UE. However, the average of RCA analysis in 2007-2014 indicate the lower performanceof Indonesia’s CPO exports compared to the other main CPO exporter, Malaysia. Thus, from the MSI analysis we found that Italy is a potential market for Indonesia’s palm oil exports, based on the fact that Indonesia’s CPO dominated the Italian market in the last seven years. The value of Indonesia’s market share was far above the competitor.

Industrial Capital Intensity and Comparative Advantages Dynamism of Indonesian Export Products Ni Putu Wiwin Setyari; Tri Widodo; Muhammad Edhie Purnawan
Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol 16, No 2 (2015): JEP Desember 2015
Publisher : Muhammadiyah University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jep.v16i2.1455

The development of new trade theory which incorporates the interaction between trade and international capital flows indicates if the possibility of changes in a country's comparative advantage due to the opening of international capital flows. International capi tal flows allow for changes in the industrial structure of a country depends on the composition of the products produced in that coun try. More capital-intensive types of products produced by a country, the greater the need for capital and the higher marginal rate of capital that can be given to attract greater international capital flows. Therefore, a comparative advantage should be seen as dynamic rather than static. As a country with large population, Indonesia tends to specialize in labor -intensive products. The other hand, efforts to attract foreign direct investment are very intensively conducted. The estimation results indicate if there was a shift in the pattern of industrial specialization Indonesia, from labor –intensive tends toward capital intensive.

The Trend of The Returns to Educations in Indonesia Nenny Hendajany; Tri Widodo; Eny Sulistyaningrum
Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol 17, No 1 (2016): JEP June 2016
Publisher : Muhammadiyah University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jep.v17i1.1595

This paper describes the rate of return to education in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper was to determine how the trend of return to education from 1993 to 2007. By using Mincer equation, we analyzed return to education in Indonesia with using Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) data collected in 1993, 1997, 2000, and 2007. Mincer specification linked between income and education. Income used in this paper was real income of a person who works. The estimation of the rate of return to education started by separating each year data. Then, it used pool data by adding year variable and multiplication variable between year and education. Estimation was also carried out by comparing between men and women. Further, estimation was divided into two age cohorts, young cohort and old cohort. All the results of estimation indicated a decreasing rate of return, the greatest decrease occurred on men with old cohort.Keywords: education, return to education, Mincer equation, trendJEL codes: I26, J30

THE IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA Faizal Reza; Tri Widodo
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 28, No 1 (2013): January
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Does education promote economic growth? The aim of this study is to find out the impact of education on economic growth in Indonesia. This research employed panel data technique to investigate the relationship between education and economic growth in Indonesia during the period 1996-2009. The empirical results show that education per worker has a positive and significant impact on economic growth. The estimates of panel model suggest that a 1% increase in average education per worker will lead to about 1.56% increase in output. By using instrument analysis, researchers found that Jawa Timur is a province with highest economic growth in Indonesia. In contrast, Bengkulu experiences the lowest position with the lowest economic growth. The results show us that there are still substantial disparities within the provinces in Indonesia.

TRADE SPECIALIZATION INDICES: TWO COMPETING MODELS Samsubar Saleh; Tri Widodo
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 25, No 2 (2010): May
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index by Balassa (1965) is intensively applied in empirical studies on countries’ comparative advantage or trade specialization.Asymmetric problem in the criteria of RCA index encourages Dalum et al. (1998) and Laursen (1998) to make Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) index. Thesetwo indexes are commonly employed in econometric models for analyzing countries’ trade specialization. This paper aims to compare theoretically and empirically the twocompeting econometric models, one using RCA and the other using RSCA. The ASEAN countries’ comparative advantages are presented for the empirical case studies. Thispaper concludes that RSCA can, to some extent, reduce the “outlier problem” of RCA in the econometric model; therefore, the model using RSCA can be more statistically reliablethan the model using RCA. The two econometric models might not be suitable for forecasting purposes since the estimated values could theoretically violate their criteria ofcomparative advantage and disadvantage. In the cases of ASEAN countries, we find empirically that the model using RSCA is statistically more reliable than the one usingRCA. The ASEAN countries have exhibited de-specialization.JEL classification: F10, F14, F17Keywords: Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA).

CHARACTERISTICS OF JAPANESE HOUSEHOLD’S DEMAND Tri Widodo; Duddy Roesmara Donna
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 24, No 3 (2009): September
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This paper estimates and analyzes the characteristics of Japanese household’s demand on goods and services, i.e. (1) Food, (2) Housing, (3) Fuel, light and water charges, (4)Furniture and household utensils, (5) Clothes and footwear, (6) Medical care, (7) Transportation and communication, (8) Education, (9) Reading and recreation, and (10)Other living expenditure. This paper applies Linear Expenditure System (LES) model and seemingly uncorrelated regression (SUR) estimation method. Put (10) other living expenditure aside, this paper has exhibited some conclusions. First, increases in income(above supernumerary income) will be proportionally allocated more for (1) Food, (5) Clothes and footwear, (9) Reading and recreation, (7) Transportation and communication and (8) Education. Second, both demand and cross-price elasticities are inelastic. Third, demand on (4) Furniture and household utensils, (5) Clothes and footwear and (6) Education are income elastic.Keywords: elasticity, Linear Expenditure System (LES), Seemingly UncorrelatedRegression (SUR)

THE METHOD OF CONSTANT MARKET SHARES (CMS) – COMPETITIVENESS EFFECT RECONSIDERED: CASE STUDIES OF ASEAN COUNTRIES Tri Widodo
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 23, No 3 (2008): July
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Constant Market Share (CMS) merupakan alat analisis empiris yang banyak digunakan untuk melihat kinerja ekspor suatu negara. CMS pertama kali dikenalkan oleh Tyszynki (1951), namun CMS versi Leamer dan Stern (1970) lebih banyak digunakan dalam penelitian empiris. Menurut Leamer dan Stern (1970), perubahan nilai ekspor suatu negara dapat dipilih menjadi empat efek yaitu (a) efek trendekspor dunia, (b) efek distribusi pasar (c) efek komposisi komoditi dan (d) residual tidak-terjelaskan (efek daya saing). Kritik Richardson (1971a, 1971b) terhadap CMS versi ini tidak mengurangi popularitasnya.Menurut Fagerberg and Sollie (1987), ketidakmampuan mengidentifikasi residual tidak-terjelaskan (efek daya saing) merupakan kelemahan mendasar CMS versi ini. Fagerberg dan Sollie mengembangkan lebih lanjut CMS versi Tyszynki (1951).Paper ini memiliki dua bagian utama. Pertama, paper ini mendiskusikan secara komprehensif metode-metode CMS tersebut dan kemudian memperbaiki CMS versi Leamer dan Stern (1970) berdasarkan kritik Richardson (1971a, 1971b) dan Fagerberg dan Sollie (1987). Paper ini menurunkan rumus baru CMS dimana perubahan nilai ekspor suatu negara dapat dipilah menjadi enam efek yaitu (a) efek trend ekspor dunia (b) efek pangsa pasar (c) efek komposisi komoditi (d) efek komposisi pasar (e) efek adaptasi komoditi dan (f) efek adaptasi pasar. Versi baru CMS ini mengoreksi kelemahan versi Leamer danSterm (1970) berkaitan dengan subyektivitas penentuan urutan efek distribusi pasar dan efek komposisi komoditi, interpretasi efek daya saing dan penggunaan indeks.Kedua, metode CMS baru ini kemudian diaplikasikan untuk menganalisis kinerja ekspor negaranegara ASEAN (Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand dan Philippine) untuk periode 1980-1985, 1985-1990, 1990-1995, 1995-2001 dan 2001-2006. Paper ini berkesimpulan bahwa trend ekspor dunia memiliki peranan dominan terhadap kinerja ekspor negara-negara ASEAN. Regionalism dan ekonomi integrasi pada periode 1990-1995membawa perubahan pola perdagangan, dimana pada periode ini perdagangan intraregionallebih dominan. Efek pangsa pasar dan efek komposisi pasar juga lebih signifikan mempengaruhi kinerja ekspor negara-negara ASEAN pada periode tersebut.Keywords: Constant Market Share (CMS), Commodity Adaptation Effect and Market Adaptation Effect.

Co-Authors C. Fandeli Dian Widyaningtyas Duddy Roesmara Donna Eny Sulistyaningrum Faizal Reza Hendajany, Nenny Josef A. Gadi Djou M. Baiquni Muhammad Edhie Purnawan Ni Putu Wiwin Setyari Rozy A. Pratama Samsubar Saleh

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