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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis

SUBYAKTO SUBYAKTO

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Author-ID : 2616345

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Characteristics of Soda Pulp from Distilled Vetiver Root Firda A Syamani; Subyakto Subyakto; Sukardi Sukardi; Ani Suryani
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 12, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Cellulose was commonly extracted from wood and other lignocellulosic materials such as leaf, straw, bast, or grass. There is no report found on extraction of cellulose from root plant yet. Industrially, the root of vetiver is distilled to obtain its essential oil. In this study, the distilled vetiver root was soda pulped and the resulted pulp was characterized by the use of X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopic methods. Response surface methodology with central composite design was used to investigate the influence of delignification on the chemical properties of pulp. Soda pulping was carried out at 160 – 180 oC for 1 – 3 hrs with 20 – 40% of alkali charge. Severe process conditions were required to achieve a significant degree of delignification. Pulping at 180 oC for 3 hours with alkali charge of 40% decreased the lignin content of pulp from 39.53% to 4.47%.Keywords: FT-IR analysis, soda pulping, vetiver root, X-ray diffraction

Characteristics of Pulp Fibers as Green Potential Polymer Reinforcing Agents Nanang Masruchin; Subyakto Subyakto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 1 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Three kinds of pulps (i.e kenaf, pineapple and coconut fiber) were characterized as reinforcing agents in composite materials to be applied at automotive interior industry. A better understanding on characteristics of fiber will lead to enhance interface adhesion between fiber and matrices. Chemical, surface compositions, and morphology of pulp fiber were investigated using TAPPI standard test method, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and optical microscopy, respectively. Morphology of fiber was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Pineapple pulps showed the highest α-cellulose content than that of kenaf or coconut pulps. However, it has the lowest hemicellulose content among them. This condition takes responsibility for the difficulties of pineapple pulps defibrillation process. Much fines or external fibrillations are presence on both kenaf and pineapple pulp’s morphology, but it is not presence in the coconut pulps. Coconut fiber is shorter than the other two fibers with diameter size estimated in the order pineapple < kenaf < coconut pulps. FTIR analysis shown quite similar absorption from all pulps, except for coconut pulps due to the remaining lignin on the surface of fiber that showed by the presence of C-O phenol stretching at 1280 cm-1. Kenaf pulps fiber is suitable candidate for polymer reinforcing agents compared to pineapple and coconut pulps fiber.Key words: cellulose, characteristics, composite, interface, pulp fibers

Pengaruh Lama Perlakuan Uap pada Serat terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Papan Semen Serat Sisal Effect of Fiber Steaming Treatment on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fiber Cement Bonded Board Ismail Budiman; Mohamad Gopar; Subyakto Subyakto; Bambang Subiyanto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 7, No 1 (2009): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The main problem of making Sisal fiber cement bonded board is how to mix fibers and cement to get excellent performance of board due to the presence of extractives. Steam treatment on fibers is expected to reduce extractives in the fibers; therefore it will improve the bonding between fibers and cement. Beside that, utilization of catalysts, such as calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2), is expected to increase the physical and mechanical properties of Sisal fiber cement bonded board. Fibers of Sisal was chopped into 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm of length. Steam treatment was conducted in autoclave for 30, 60 and 120 minutes at 1.15 atm of pressure and 121ºC of temperature, and untreated Sisal as control. Chopped fiber was dried in an oven at 60ºC to obtain 5% of moisture content. The content of CaCl2 or MgCl2 was 5% of cement weight.The board was produced at a dried fiber : cement ratio of 1 : 3 and water : cement ratio of 1 : 2 based on board weight. The target density of the boards produced was 1.25 g/cm3. Cement bonded Sisal fiber was formed into 25cm x 25cm x 1cm mat, and then cold pressed for 24 hours. Composites were conditioned at room temperature for 28 days. Physical and mechanical characteristics were tested by Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Results shown that combination of steam treatment and catalyst added improved the physical and mechanical properties such as thickness swelling (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), screw withdrawal (SW) and internal bond (IB).

Carbon Structure of Coconut Coir Fibers Ismail Budiman; Akhiruddin Maddu; Gustan Pari; Subyakto Subyakto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 11, No 2 (2013): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The objectives of the research was to characterize the structure of coconut coir fiber carbon. Carbonization was carried out at two successive phases, carbonization at 400 C for 300 minutes and then proceeded at 700, 800, and 900 C. In every temperature level was conducted for 45, 60, and 90 min. The structure of carbon was measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the sample surface analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the degree of crystallinity of the coconut fibers carbonized at 400 C (36.3%) was higher than uncarbonized fibers (16.36%) but lower compared to the coconut fiber carbonized at 700-900 C (41.5-59.81%). Surface analysis of samples showed that the carbonization led to the establishment and enlargement of pores in the fibers.Key words: carbon, coconut coir fiber, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction

Effect of Surface Density on the Fire Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Materials Anita Firmanti; Subyakto Subyakto; Bambang Subiyanto; Shuichi Kawai
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 9, No 1 (2011): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Surface density known as mass per unit area or as a product of density and thickness was analyzed as a key factor in predicting the fire performance of wood and wood based materials. Sawn timber of Mangium (Acacia mangium Willd) and Gmelina Arborea (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) in various thicknesses, manufactured particleboards and cement bonded particleboards of both species in various densities and thicknesses were used as the testing materials. Commercial particleboards, cement bonded particleboards and MDF were also tested. Boards were tested under ISO 5660 using cone calorimeter. Physical and mechanical properties were tested based on ASTM and JIS standards. The physical and mechanical properties of manufactured wood based panels could fulfil the JIS standard. Ignition time is affected by the surface density and effective surface area to the heat exposure of the boards. Boards reacted in different ways to the heat exposure but they needed similar time to the critical temperatures of 260 °C, in the similar surface density regardless of materials type. Surface density could be used as a key parameter in the fire resistant design process. The results of tested boards under ISO 5660 were about two third of those under JIS A 1304.Key words: cone calorimeter, fire resistant performance, surface density, wood, wood based materials.

Pembuatan Papan Partikel Berukuran Komersial dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Perekat Urea Formaldehida Development of Commercial Size Particleboard from Waste of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Using Urea Formaldehyde Adhesive Bambang Subiyanto; Subyakto Subyakto; Sudijono Sudijono; Mohamad Gopar Mohamad Gopar; Entang Rasyid; Sasa Sofyan Munawar
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 3, No 1 (2005): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Development of particleboard from waste of Oil Palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) using phenol formaldehyde adhesive has been done at small size (laboratory scale) in the previous study. Further development at commercial size board is conducted in the present study. The objective of this research is to observe the effects of EFB particleboard types and density on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard using urea formaldehyde adhesive. The types of EFB particleboard were particleboard of entirely EFB particles, board layered with sawdust and board layered with plywood. Adhesive content used was 10% from oven dry weight of particles; wax content used was 12% from weight of adhesive. The board density was varied at 0.5 g/cm3, 0.6 g/cm3, and 0.7 g/cm3. The EFB particles were soaked for 24 hours in cold water before used.The results showed that EFB particleboard that layered with plywood at density of 0.7 g/cm3 gave the optimum result. Thickness swelling for all type of EFB particleboards were not met the JIS A 5908; therefore it need further study to overcome this problem. All mechanical properties such as internal bond, screw withdrawal, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) for EFB particleboard that layered with plywood were met the type 8 of JIS A 5908.

Co-Authors AGUS Z. ARIFQI Akhiruddin Maddu Ani Suryani Anita Firmanti B. Paul Naiola Bambang Prasetya Bambang Subiyanto Entang Rasyid Firda A Syamani FIRDA A. SYAMANI Firda Aulya Syamani Gustan Pari ISMADI ISMADI Ismail Budiman KENJI UMEMURA Kurnia W Prasetyo KURNIA W. PRASETIYO Kurnia Wiji Prasetiyo Kurnia Wiji Prasetyo LILIK ASTARI Linda Oktaviani Lisman Suryanegara Mohamad Gopar MOHAMAD GOPAR Mohamad Gopar Mohamad Gopar Mohd. H. Hussin Nanang Masruchin Sasa S Munawar Sasa S. Munawar Sasa Sofyan Munawar Shuichi Kawai SUDARMANTO SUDARMANTO Sudijono Sudijono Sukardi Sukardi SUKMA S. KUSUMAH Suminar S Achmadi Wahyu DWIANTO YUSUF S. HADI

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