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KERUSAKAN TEGAKAN TINGGAL, KETERBUKAAN LAHAN, PENGGESERAN TANAH DAN BIAYA PADA PENYARADAN TERKENDALI Sukadaryati Sukadaryati; Dulsalam Dulsalam; M Sinaga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 20, No 5 (2002): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

The trees have certain optimal ages to be harvested. Beyond those ages, the value of the trees tend to decline. Therefore, good harvesting plans must be created and then followed by refining to expedite forest sustainability. In reality, forest harvesting operation always cause ecological damage. It can not be avoided, but can be minimized. Log skidding as one element of the harvesting operations need to be controlled to decrease residual stand and soil damages.An investigation on residual stand damage, ground exposure, soil displacement and cost on controlled skidding was carried out at one logging company in Jambi in 2001. The objective of the investigation is to find out information about residual stand damage, ground exposure, soil displacement and cost on controlled skidding which could be useful for managing sustainable forest. The investigation results revealed that: (1) the averages of residual stand damage, ground exposure, top soil displacement, productivity, and cost on controlled skidding were 11.3%, 8.6%, 17.720 cm/10m skidding road, 23.886 m3-hm/hour and Rp 12.740/m3-hm, respectively while those averages on conventional skidding were 20.2%, 12.2%, 22.160 cm/10m skidding road, 30.996 m3-hm/hour and Rp 10,080/m3-hm, respectively; (2) controlled skidding can decrease 8.9% of residual stand damage: 3,6% of the degree of ground exposure; 4.44cm/10m road skidding of level of top soil displacement; (3) controlled skidding system increase the cost of Rp 2,660/m3-hm because the productivity of the system is lower than the conventional one. Nevertheless, for ecological and sustainability reasons in the long run, controlled skidding system is more promising and needs to beimplemented.

INTENSITAS PENGGUNAAN JALAN HUTAN SEBAGAI PRASARANA PENGANGKUTAN KAYU DI TIGA PERUSAHAAN HUTAN DI JAMBI DAN KALIMANTAN SELATAN Dulsalam Dulsalam
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 10, No 5 (1992): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the use of forest roads as log transportation infrastructure at two logging companies in Jambi and one logging company in South Kalimantan carried out in 1990. The objective is to find out the information of the intensity of forest roads use as log transportation infrastructure. For that purpose, the data on forest road length (km) and actual log production (m3) for the period of between three and ten years were collected. The results reveal that:1. Forest roads at several forest companies in Sumatra and Kalimantan were commonly unpaved, and therefore, can only be used when they are dry.2. The average lengths of forest roads built by A, B and C companies were 6.050 km/year with the range of between 2.000 and 13.000 km/year; and 12. 733 km/year with the range of between 7.600 and 19.800 km/year; 11.275 km /year with the range of between 2: 565 and 22. 650 km /year, respectively.3. Actual log production ranged from 18,045,48 to 45,555.60 m3 /year with the average of 27,249.88 m3 /year for A company; from 19,484.07 to 41,526.29 m3 /year with the average of 31,485.36 m3 /year for B company; and from 15,892.25 to 54,553.95 m3 /year with the average of 36,745.30 m3 /year for C company.4. Correction factor to be used in calculating actual production from target production at A, B and C companies were respectively 0. 74 with the range of between 0.36 and 0.98; 0.97 with the range of between 0.96 and 0.99; and 0. 76 with the range of between 0.32 and 1.09.5. The intensity of forest roads use as log transportation infrastructure at A, B and C forest companies range between 1,503. 79 and 17,234.05 m3 / km-year with the average of 7,165. 73 m3 / km-year; between 984.04 and 4,400. 75 m3 / km-year with the average of 3,076.61 m3 / km-year; and between 1,352.53 and 13,292. 74 m3 / km- year with the average of 5,147.53 m3 / km-year, respectively.

FAKTOR EKSPLOITASI HUTAN DI SUB REGIONAL KALIMANTAN TIMUR Soenarno Soenarno; Wesman Edom; Zakaria Basari; Dulsalam Dulsalam; Sona Suhartana; Yuniawati Yuniawati
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 34, No 4 (2016): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Dalam pemanfaatan kayu, pemanenan hutan merupakan tahap kegiatan utama yang dilakukan agar potensi pohon dapat dikeluarkan dari dalam hutan. Banyak atau sedikitnya limbah yang terjadi selama proses pemanenan kayu dapat dijadikan tolok ukur faktor eksploitasi (FE). Selama ini, pemerintah menetapkan angka FE sebesar 0,7. Padahal, paradigma pengelolaan hutan alam sudah semakin baik dengan diterapkannya pembalakan berdampak rendah (reduced impact logging/ RIL) dan/atau berdampak rendah karbon (RIL-C). Dilihat dari aspek ekonomis, nilai FE mempunyai peranan sangat penting karena digunakan sebagai pengali didalam menentukan jatah produksi tahunan (JPT) dan dasar untuk menjadi memperkirakan penerimaan besarnya provisi sumberdaya hutan (PSDH). Sedangkan dari aspek ekologis, penetapan nilai FE yang lebih besar dapat mengurangi terjadinya kerusakan hutan. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di 5 IUPHHK-HA di Kalimantan Timur menunjukkan besarnya bilangan FE berkisar antara 0,77 - 0,89. Besar kecilnya bilangan FE lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor ketrampilan penebang dibandingkan dengan factor kompetensi manajemen IUPHHK-HA.

KERUSAKAN TEGANGAN TINGGAL AKIBAT PENYARADAN DENGAN TRAKTOR PADA BERBAGAI TINGKAT KERAPATAN TEGAKAN Dulsalam Dulsalam; Sukanda Sukanda; Ishak Sumantri
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 6 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

An investigation on residual stand damages caused by skidding tractor on several stand density levels was carried out at PT Sumpol Timber in South Kalimantan in 1987. Forty five sample plots were selected randomly in this research. The purpose is to gather information about the resdiual stand damages caused by skidding tractor on several stand density levels. The result of investigation reveals that : 1. The number of trees having diameter of 20 cm and up varies from 80 to 300 trees/ha with an average of 190.22 trees/ha. 2. The residual stand damages for the area with stand densities ot < 150, 150 -199, and > 200 trees/ha were 16, 7, 28.3,and 39. 0 trees/ha, respectively. They are significantly different.3. It is suggested that the skidding operations, especially in high stand density levels, be done with better planning in-order to save powers, costs and resources.

EFISIENSI PENEBANGAN KAYU DI KAWASAN HUTAN DENGAN SISTEM TEBANG PILlH INDONESIA (The efficiency of tree felling at the natural forest areas using the Indonesian selective cutting and planting system) Dulsalam Dulsalam
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 6 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

An investigation of the efficiency of tree felling at forest areas using the Indonesian selective cutting and planting system (TPTI) was carried out at 5 logging companies in Central Kalimantan and 3 other companies in South Kalimantan in 1990. The objective is to find the way increasing the efficiency of tree felling at the natural production forests. For that purpose, data on felled tree volume, actually utilized logs and part of good logs left in the forest were collected. The investigationresults are as follows :1. Considering log diameter of 10 cm and up, the efficiency of improved felling technique can be increased by 6. 23 %.2. By using the improved felling technique, the volume of good quality clear bole logs is increased by 4. 90 %.3. The averages of stump heights between improved and existing felling techniques were 51.07 cm and 114.86 cm, respectively.4. the improved felling technique could increase the quality and volume of log for veneer (from 61.34% to 65. 83%) and for sawn timber (from 10.19 % to 10.45 %).5. It is necessary that the existing felling technical guidance and log administration be improved.

PRODUKTIVITAS TRAKTOR CATERPILLAR D7G DI SUATU PERUSAHAAN HAK PENGUSAHAAN HUTAN DI JAMBI Dulsalam Dulsalam; Sukanda Sukanda
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 6 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

An investigation on the productivity of D7G Caterpillar tractors was carried out at a forest company in Jambi in 1985. Three tractors were selected randomly to be observed. The productivity of these tractors was collected through work time study. The purpose is to find the productivities of D7G Caterpillar tractors so that this information can be used by forest companies in planning skidding operations. This investigation results reveal that : 1. D7G Caterpillar tractors can be used to skid logs at dryland forests having easy and moderate topographies. At skidding distances ranuine from 75 - 535 m with an average of 324 m these tractors can skid logs having volumes ranging from 5.01 - 16.88 m3/trip with an average of 9.08 m3/trip.2. The average productivities of A, B and C skidding tractors were 59.22, 89.81 and 123.69 m8. hm/hour, respectively.The productivities among tractors were significantly different due to different skidding distances, tractor conditions, driver skills, average stund volume per ha, soil conditions, skidded log volume and topography. The average produc- tivity of the three tractors was 92.09 m3 hm/hour.

PRODUKTIVITAS DAN BIAYA PENGELUARAN KAYU DENGAN SISTEM KABEL P3 HH 20 Dulsalam Dulsalam; Maman M Idris; Wesman Endom
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 15, No 3 (1997): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Penelitian produktivitas dan biaya pengeluaran kayu dengan sistem kabel layang P3HH 20 telah dilakukan di BKPH Segaranten, KPH Sukabumi Perum Perhutani Unit III, Jawa Barat, pada tahun 1995. Tujuannya adalah untuk menguji coba sistem kabel layang buatan Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan dan untuk mengetahui produktivitas dan biayanya. Data spesifikasi sistem kabel layang, ukuran kayu yang dikeluarkan, waktu kerja, konsumsi bahan bakar dan oli, serta upah pekerja dikumpulkan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut :1.Alat pengeluaran kayu sistem kabel layang buatan Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan, berhasil dalam operasi mengeluarkan kayu dari jurang kelereng atas.2.Volume kayu yang dapat dikeluarkan dengan alat pengeluaran kayu sistem kabel layangP3HH 20 berkisar antara 0,061 - 0,308 m3 /rit dengan rata-rata 0,/14Im3/rit3. Produktivitas sistem kabel layang P3HH 20 bervariasi antara 0,575 - 5,508 m3/jam dengan rata-rata 1,856 m3/jam.4. Rata-rata biaya pengeluaran kayu dengan sistem kabel layang P3HH 20 adalah Rp.9.531/m3.5.Rata-rata biaya pengeluaran kayu sistem kabel layang P3HH 20 lebih rendah dibanding biaya pengeluaran kayu sistem Koller 300 yaitu berturut-turut Rp.9.531/m3 dibanding Rp.33.322/m3.6.Kereta dan mekanisme rem disarankan untuk disempurnakan.

EVALUASI JUMLAH PENGGUNAAN TRUK ANGKUTAN DI SUATU PERUSAHAAN HUTAN DI RIAU (An evaluation of the number of logging trucks used by a forest company in Riau) Dulsalam Dulsalam
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 8, No 1 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.8.1.1-7

A study of the number of logging trucks used by a forest company in. Riau was carried out in 1989. To evaluate the number pf logging trucks, transport times and load. volumes of logging trucks were collected through a work time study. The objective is to find out the number of loggine trucks which meets the logging company's production target. The investigation comes up to the following conclusion:1.Log number and load volume averages hauled by Nissan TZ 52 logging trucks were 4 logs/trip and 23.84 m3 /trip, respectively. At the distance of 21 km, the logging trucks normally took 190.65 minutes (3.18 hours) to transport logs from the forest to log yard. Logging trucks could transport logs three round trips per day.2. The normal average productivity of the logging trucks was 71.52 m3 per day.3.The average productive time of logging trucks was 80% while the average non productive time was 20%.4. The number of logging trucks available was 2 units which conformed with the company's production target. For better operations: it is recommended that the company has one additional logging truck to meet its production target in the next working plan.

JENIS DAN BANYAKNYA KAYU YANG DIPAKAI DALAM KONSTRUKSI JALAN REL DI HUTAN RAWA PROPINSI RIAU Dulsalam Dulsalam; Apul Sianturi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 1, No 2 (1984): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1984.1.2.23-28

An observation on the amount and species of wood used in rail-road construction in the swamp forests has been carried out in the PT Alam Wanasaki and PT Tenaga Kampar concession areas both located in Riau.The observation revealed that the wood species used in rail-road construction at the PT Alam Wanasaki area consist of 24 species with a volume of 243 m3/km. Those used at the PT Tenaga Kampar area consist of 12 species comprising a volume of 204 m3/km and the species used at the PT Alam Wanasaki area are mostly helat (Xylopia malayana Hooh .f.) with a total volume of 71 m3/km. The same is found at the PT Tenaga Kampar area using a total volume of 58 m3/km. Other wood species used in rail-road construction in both concession areas consist of a number of commercial species.Wood species which are considered suitable in the construction of rail-road in the swamp forests of PT Alam Wanasaki are among others: bintangur (Callophyllum .spp.), gelam (Eugenia spp.), medang (Litsea spp.), menggeris (Koompassia spp.), pelawan (Tristania obovata R.Br.), punak (Tetramerista glabra Miq.), resak (Cotylelobium melanoxylon Pierre.), tempurung (Baccaurea spp.), and tembesu (Fagraea spp.), comprising about 16% of the total volume used in the construction.Wood species selected for rail-road construction at the PT Tenaga Kampar concession area are: bintangur (Callophyllum spp.), medang (Litsea spp.), and punak (Tetramerista glabra Miq.), comprising 32% of the total amount of wood used in the construction.Both companies made efforts to onlv use durable wood species, however, such species are scarce.

PRODUKTIVITAS DAN BIAYA PENYARADAN KAYU DENGAN TRAKTOR PERTANIAN TYPE FORD 5660 DI HUTAN TANAMAN SEMARAS, PULAU LAUT Dulsalam Dulsalam; Sukadaryati Sukadaryati
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 20, No 1 (2002): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2002.20.1.35-54

Investigation on assessing the productivity and cost of log-skidding using a farm tractor type Ford 5660 was carried out at the Semaras plantation forest under PT. lnhutani's concession situated in Pulau Laut (South Kalimantan) in 1999. The objective was to get appropriate and reliable information on the productivity and cost of log-skidding. The data collected were skidding-distance, working time, log volumes, purchasing- cost. and labor wage; and further, they were all incorporated for assessment.The results were: I). Log volumes skidded using the farm tractor ranged between 0.065 - 1.134 m3/ one- trip with an average of 0.434 m3/one- trip, while skidding-distance varied from 0.25 - 1.85 hm with an average of 0.937 hm, 2). Skidding time was in the range of 0.06 - 1. 14 hours/one-trip with an average of 0.23 hours/one-trip, 3). The productivity of log-skidding using the farm tractor recorded between 0.062 -6.086 m3-hm/hour with an average of 2.075 m3-hm/hour, while the cost of log-skidding was in the range of Rp 9,522/m3-hm - Rp 931,000/m3-hm with average at Rp 55.777/m3-hm. and 4). In implemanting the use of fram tractor for logskidding, the log volume and skidding-distance are suggested at about 1.2 m3 and 2 hm, respectively.

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