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Journal : Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Impact of artificial light color on microgreen green spinach growth in an IoT-controlled environment Ihsan, Fadhil Azmi; Fitrianah, Devi
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 40, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v40.i2.pp619-628

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of different artificial colors red-blue and white on the growth of green spinach microgreens under an internet of things (IoT) based controlled environment and integrated sensors: DHT22 for temperature and humidity, and YL-69 for soil moisture. The experiment compared plant growth in two lighting scenarios over 10 days evaluating parameters including plant height and number of leaves. Results indicate that spinach microgreens grown under red-blue LED light achieved a slightly higher average height of 4.6cm and more leaves of 50 compared to white LED light with an average height of 4.5cm and 36 leaves. Although the difference between the two lighting conditions appears minor, a t-test was conducted to determine statistical significance. The results show that the difference in the number of leaves is statistically significant, suggesting that morphological responses particularly leaf growth take precedence over vertical steam elongation as an adaptive strategy to optimize environmental conditions.
Complexity aware cascade architecture for improving user satisfaction in conversational AI Satrio, Constantinus; Fitrianah, Devi
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 42, No 1: April 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v42.i1.pp205-214

Abstract

Conventional task-oriented chatbots frequently suffer from task incompletions and low user satisfaction when handling complex queries. This research intro duces the complexity aware cascade, an adaptive architecture that improves user service quality by dynamically matching query complexity with the appropri ate computational response. The system uses confidence and relevance scores to intelligently route requests through a sequence of a natural language under standing (NLU) model, a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipeline, or a large language model (LLM). The tiered architecture was evaluated via a ran domized controlled trial (RCT) with 150 participants, measuring task success and user satisfaction. The full cascade achieved a 90% journey completion rate, representing a 92.3% improvement over baseline system and substantial gains in SERVQUAL-based service quality scores. The experiment was conducted in a domain-specific knowledge base (essential oils) with a convenience sam ple that does not represent the global population, and no real-time deployment or long-term cost analysis was performed. Accordingly, the findings should be interpreted as evidence of effectiveness in a limited setting rather than as directly scalable to all domains. Even with these limitations, this study provides arigorously tested blueprint for developing more robust and user-centric conversational AI systems.