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PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SERTA PENDAPATAN PETANI PADA MODEL PEREMAJAAN KELAPA SAWIT SECARA BERTAHAP MUHAMMAD SYAKIR; MAMAN HERMAN; DIBYO PRANOWO; YULIUS FERRY
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 2 (2015): Juni 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v21n2.2015.69-76

ABSTRAKLuas kelapa sawit rakyat yang perlu diremajakan saat ini mencapai 1,26 juta ha atau 35% dari luas total nasional. Namun peremajaannya terkendala karena biaya sangat mahal. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan model peremajaan kelapa sawit rakyat yang efisien dan ekonomis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari 2010-Desember 2012 di Kabupaten Rokan Hilir, Provinsi Riau. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Petak Terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah tiga model peremajaan, yaitu 20-20-60; 40-40-20, dan 60-40. Anak petak adalah dua jenis tanaman sela (jagung dan kedelai). Model peremajaan 20-20-60, yaitu penebangan dan peremajaan 20% dari jumlah pohon sawit tua pada tahun pertama, 20% pada tahun kedua, dan 60% pada tahun ketiga. Dilakukan pendekatan yang sama untuk kedua model lainnya. Setiap plot percobaan terdiri dari 25 pohon sawit muda dan 25 tua. Variabel pengamatan untuk tanaman sawit muda adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, lingkar pangkal batang, indeks luas daun, dan persentase tanaman berbunga; tanaman sawit tua adalah produksi tandan buah sawit; sedangkan tanaman sela adalah produksi jagung dan kedelai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola peremajaan model 20-20-60 paling efisien karena penebangan sawit tua hanya mempengaruhi pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman sawit muda pada tahun I dan II, namun tidak mempengaruhi persentase berbunga tanaman sawit muda. Secara ekonomis, model 20-20-60 dengan tanaman sela jagung paling menguntungkan karena selama tiga tahun pengujian, nilai NPV mencapai Rp. 34.580.627; B/C 1,43; dan R/C 2,43. Oleh karena itu, model 20-20-60 dapat diajukan untuk peremajaan kelapa sawit rakyat.Kata kunci: Elaeis gueneensis, model peremajaan, tebang bertahap, pertumbuhan, usahatani Growth and Crop Production as well as The Farmer’s Income in Stepwise Replanting PatternABSTRACTThe total area of small holders’ oil palms in Indonesia that must be replanted is 1.26 billion hectares or 35% of the national total area. Replanting of the oil palms is highly cost. The objective of study was to get a replanting pattern that is cheaper and more efficient. The research was conducted for three years from 2010 to 2012 in Rokan Hilir, Riau Province. The research used a split plot design with, three replications. The main plots were three replanting patterns: 20-20-60; 40-40-20; and 60-40, the subplots were the intercrops plants: maize and soybean. The replanting pattern 20-20-60 was done by cutting then replanting of oil palms in three consecutive years, 20% of the population in the 1st year, 20% in 2nd year, and 60% in 3rd year. The similar approaches were applied to others. The variables observed of the young oil palms were plant height, number of leaves, girth, leaf area index, and percentage of flowering; intercropping plants were yield productions of maize and soybean. The results showed that the most efficient replanting pattern was 20-20-60, because it only affected to vegetative growth of young oil palms in the first and second years, but not the inflorescences. This pattern is economically the best since income from three consecutive years of replanting were positive; the NVP value was Rp. 34,580,627; B/C was 1.43; and R/C was 2.43. Based on these results, the replanting pattern 20-20-60 can be recommended for small holder oil palms.Keywords:Elaeis guineensis, replanting pattern, gradually cutting,growth, farming

Peran Organisasi Petani dalam Mengoptimalkan Kinerja Rantai Pasok dan Pembentukan Nilai Tambah Kakao: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara Abdul Muis Hasibuan; Agus Wahyudi; Dewi Listyati; Asif Aunillah; Ermiati Ermiati; Maman Herman
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n1.2015.p1-12

Cultivation of cocoa in Indonesia is dominated by small farmers who have not been well organized, so they usually marginalized in the cocoa agribusiness systems. This study aimed to analyze the role of farmer organizations in an effort to optimize the performance of the cocoa supply chain and value addition in cocoa value chain system. The research was conducted in Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi from February to October 2012. The collected data is primary and secondary data by conducting in-depth interviews to farmers/farmer groups, traders and exporters/industry. All of the data and information were analyzed by supply chain approach and added value. The results showed that the condition of farmers' organizations in Kolaka very diverse and can be grouped into four models according to the activity and its role in the supply chain and value addition of cocoa beans. Farmer organizations led by Model A was able to give farmers a better share than others, i.e. 99.43% for fermented cocoa bean and 96.92% for unfermented. Similarly, added value for farmers were IDR509.00/kg for fermented cocoa beans and IDR1,019.00/kg for unfermented. Therefore, farmers' organizations need to be directed to be more efficient on cocoa beans distribution and marketing that create a well performance of supply chain system and provide added value to the farmer.

Pemanfaatan Mikroba Rizosfer untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Serapan Hara pada Tanaman Lada Maman Herman; Kurnia Dewi Sasmita; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n2.2012.p143-150

Lada (Piper nigrum L.) merupakan tanaman yang penyerapan haranya tinggi dan sebagian besar ditanam di lahan marginal sehingga memerlukan jumlah pupuk yang relatif tinggi. Oleh karena itu, perlu upaya untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan pada lada, salah satunya dengan menggunakan pupuk hayati yang mengandung mikroba penambat N2 dan pelarut hara P. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh mikroba rizosfer indigenous terhadap pertumbuhan dan serapan hara N, P, dan K pada tanaman lada. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicoba adalah: K0) tanpa inokulum dan tanpa pupuk (Kontrol), K1) tanpa inokulum + 50% pupuk, K2) tanpa inokulum + 100% pupuk, H1) inokulum Azotobacter (PN LCNa) + 50% pupuk, H2) inokulum Azotobacter (PN LCNb) + 50% pupuk, H3) inokulum Penicillium (PF LSK 1b) + 50% pupuk, H4) inokulum bakteri pelarut fosfat (PF LSK 1a) + 50% pupuk, dan H5) mikoriza + 50% pupuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan mikroba penambat N2 (isolat PN LCNa dan PN LCNb) dan pelarut P (isolat PF LSK 1b dan PF LSK 1a) yang masing-masing disertai dengan pemberian pupuk NPK 50% dari dosis anjuran memberikan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan cabang tanaman lada yang cukup baik. Keempat inokulum tersebut dapat meningkatkan secara nyata bobot segar dan kering tajuk, serta serapan hara N, P dan K oleh tanaman lada dibandingkan perlakuan tanpa inokulum yang dipupuk dengan NPK dosis penuh (100%). The Use of Rhizosphere Microbes to Improve The Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum L.) ABSTRACT Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) belongs to plants which have high in nutrient uptake. If the plant is grown on marginal lands it will requires a relatively high amount of fertilizer that should be added. Therefore, it needs an effort to improve their efficiency on growing of the crop. The use of bio-fertilizer containing N fixing bacteria and P solubilizing microbes is expected be able to minimize the use of inorganic fertilizers. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of several indigenous rhizosphere microbes on the growth and nutrient uptake of N, P, and K in black pepper. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three reflications was used in this study. The treatments exemined were: K0) without inoculum and without fertilizer (control), K1) without inoculum + 50% fertilizer, K2) without inoculum + 100% fertilizer, H1) inoculum of Azotobacter (PN LCNa) + 50% fertilizer, H2) inoculum of Azotobacter (PN LCNb) + 50% fertilizer, H3) inoculum of Penicillium (PF LSK 1b) + 50% fertilizer, H4) inoculum of phosphate solubilizinng microbe (PF LSK 1a) + 50% fertilizer, dan H5) mycorrhiza + 50% fertilizer. The results showed that application of N fixing microbes (isolate PN LCNa dan PN LCNb) and P solubilizing microbes (isolate PN LCNa dan PN LCNb) combined with 50% of added fertilizers were able to give better growth of black pepper, particularly in plant height and number of branches. Moreover, application of N fixing and P solubilizing microbes also increased significantly in dry and fresh weight of the shoot and nutrient uptake of N, P, and K compared with without inoculum combined with 100% added NPK fertilizer.

Pengaruh Mikroba Pelarut Fosfat terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Serapan Hara P Benih Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Maman Herman; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2013.p129-138

mudah diserap oleh perakaran tanaman sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pemupukan anorganik, namun demikian pengaruhnya terhadap benih kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) belum banyak diketahui. Oleh karena itu, telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menguji pengaruh mikroba pelarut fosfat terhadap pertumbuhan dan serapan hara P benih kakao. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, Sukabumi mulai Januari sampai Desember 2012. Perlakuan yang dicoba yaitu A) subsoil (kontrol), B) subsoil + NPK, C) subsoil + pukan (1:1), D) subsoil + zeolit (0,5 kg/10 kg), E) subsoil + pukan + zeolit, F) subsoil + MPF, G) subsoil + NPK + MPF, H) subsoil + pukan + NPK + MPF, I) subsoil + zeolit + NPK + MPF, dan J) subsoil + pukan + zeolit + NPK + MPF. MPF diisolasi dari tanah perakaran kakao rakyat di Kabupaten Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi MPF yang dikombinasikan dengan pemberian pupuk NPK mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman dan bobot biomassa benih kakao sampai umur 12 minggu setelah perlakuan. Perlakuan MPF + NPK menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, bobot biomassa, dan serapan P tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Isolat MPF yang dikombinasikan dengan pemberian NPK mampu meningkatkan serapan hara P oleh benih kakao sampai 3,07 kali.Kata Kunci: Theobroma cacao L., benih, mikroba pelarut fosfat, MPF, pertumbuhan, serapan hara PPhosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) has been known capable of dissolving unavailable phosphates in the soil to the form that easily absorbed by crops so that increases crop growth and inorganic fertilizer efficiency, however in cacao it has not been known. The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of phosphate solubilizing microbes to the growth and P nutrient uptake by cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings. The experiment was conducted in the Greenhouse of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi from January to December 2012. Treatments were arranged as follows: A) Subsoil (control), B) Subsoil + NPK, C) Subsoil + organic matter (1:1), D) Subsoil + zeolite (0.5 kg/10 kg), E) Subsoil + organic matter + zeolites, F) Subsoil + PSM, G) Subsoil + NPK + PSM, H) Subsoil + organic matter + NPK + PSM, I) Subsoil + zeolite + NPK + PSM, dan J) Subsoil + organic matter + zeolite + NPK + PSM. The results showed that PSM combined with NPK enhanced plant height and weight of the biomass of cacao seedling until 12 weeks after treatment (WAT). The treatment of PSM+NPK resulted in the highest plant height, biomass, and P nutrient uptake compared with others. PSM combined with NPK fertilizer are able to increase threefold P nutrient uptake by cacao seedling.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SERTA PENDAPATAN PETANI PADA MODEL PEREMAJAAN KELAPA SAWIT SECARA BERTAHAP MUHAMMAD SYAKIR; MAMAN HERMAN; DIBYO PRANOWO; YULIUS FERRY
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 2 (2015): Juni 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v21n2.2015.69-76

ABSTRAKLuas kelapa sawit rakyat yang perlu diremajakan saat ini mencapai 1,26 juta ha atau 35% dari luas total nasional. Namun peremajaannya terkendala karena biaya sangat mahal. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan model peremajaan kelapa sawit rakyat yang efisien dan ekonomis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari 2010-Desember 2012 di Kabupaten Rokan Hilir, Provinsi Riau. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Petak Terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah tiga model peremajaan, yaitu 20-20-60; 40-40-20, dan 60-40. Anak petak adalah dua jenis tanaman sela (jagung dan kedelai). Model peremajaan 20-20-60, yaitu penebangan dan peremajaan 20% dari jumlah pohon sawit tua pada tahun pertama, 20% pada tahun kedua, dan 60% pada tahun ketiga. Dilakukan pendekatan yang sama untuk kedua model lainnya. Setiap plot percobaan terdiri dari 25 pohon sawit muda dan 25 tua. Variabel pengamatan untuk tanaman sawit muda adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, lingkar pangkal batang, indeks luas daun, dan persentase tanaman berbunga; tanaman sawit tua adalah produksi tandan buah sawit; sedangkan tanaman sela adalah produksi jagung dan kedelai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola peremajaan model 20-20-60 paling efisien karena penebangan sawit tua hanya mempengaruhi pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman sawit muda pada tahun I dan II, namun tidak mempengaruhi persentase berbunga tanaman sawit muda. Secara ekonomis, model 20-20-60 dengan tanaman sela jagung paling menguntungkan karena selama tiga tahun pengujian, nilai NPV mencapai Rp. 34.580.627; B/C 1,43; dan R/C 2,43. Oleh karena itu, model 20-20-60 dapat diajukan untuk peremajaan kelapa sawit rakyat.Kata kunci: Elaeis gueneensis, model peremajaan, tebang bertahap, pertumbuhan, usahatani Growth and Crop Production as well as The Farmer’s Income in Stepwise Replanting PatternABSTRACTThe total area of small holders’ oil palms in Indonesia that must be replanted is 1.26 billion hectares or 35% of the national total area. Replanting of the oil palms is highly cost. The objective of study was to get a replanting pattern that is cheaper and more efficient. The research was conducted for three years from 2010 to 2012 in Rokan Hilir, Riau Province. The research used a split plot design with, three replications. The main plots were three replanting patterns: 20-20-60; 40-40-20; and 60-40, the subplots were the intercrops plants: maize and soybean. The replanting pattern 20-20-60 was done by cutting then replanting of oil palms in three consecutive years, 20% of the population in the 1st year, 20% in 2nd year, and 60% in 3rd year. The similar approaches were applied to others. The variables observed of the young oil palms were plant height, number of leaves, girth, leaf area index, and percentage of flowering; intercropping plants were yield productions of maize and soybean. The results showed that the most efficient replanting pattern was 20-20-60, because it only affected to vegetative growth of young oil palms in the first and second years, but not the inflorescences. This pattern is economically the best since income from three consecutive years of replanting were positive; the NVP value was Rp. 34,580,627; B/C was 1.43; and R/C was 2.43. Based on these results, the replanting pattern 20-20-60 can be recommended for small holder oil palms.Keywords:Elaeis guineensis, replanting pattern, gradually cutting,growth, farming

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