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Aktivitas Insektisida Ekstrak Piperaceae terhadap Helopeltis antonii pada Kakao Gusti Indriati; Samsudin Samsudin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n1.2014.p7-14

Abstract

Helopeltis antonii merupakan hama pucuk dan buah kakao. Pengendalian menggunakan insektisida kimia cukup efektif untuk mengendalikan hama ini, akan tetapi dapat menimbulkan efek negatif pada lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu, pengendalian menggunakan insektisida yang berasal dari tumbuhan dapat menjadi alternatif yang lebih aman. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi aktivitas insektisida dari ekstrak empat jenis tumbuhan dari famili Piperaceae, yaitu Piper aduncum, P. retrofractum, P. cubeba, dan P. sarmentosum, terhadap H. antonii pada kakao. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri) Sukabumi pada bulan Januari sampai November 2013. Setiap jenis ekstrak diuji pada taraf konsentrasi 1%; 0,5%; 0,25%; 0,125%; 0,062%; dan kontrol (campuran aseton, methanol, dan Tween-80 dengan perbandingan 5:5:2) sebanyak 1,2%. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Uji toksisitas menggunakan imago H. antonii dengan metode penyemprotan serangga uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat buah P. retrofractum pada konsentrasi 0,25% menyebabkan kematian imago sebesar 83,33% pada 120 jam setelah perlakuan (JSP), sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat P. aduncum, P. cubeba, dan P. sarmentosum pada konsentrasi dan waktu yang sama hanya menyebabkan kematian berturut-turut 33,33%; 20%; dan 13,33%. Aktivitas insektisida dari ekstrak etil asetat buah P. retrofractum paling kuat terhadap imago H. antonii karena mengandung senyawa piperin, yaitu 1-[(2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,4-pentadienoyl] piperidine; (E,E) 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl-piperidine; dan 3-benzodioxol-5-yl-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl-piperine. LC95 ekstrak etil asetat buah P. retrofractum terhadap imago H. antonii dibawah 0,5% sehingga paling berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi insektisida nabati pengendali hama tersebut pada kakao.Kata Kunci: Helopeltis antonii, Piperaceae, aktifitas insektisida, kakaoHelopeltis antonii is one of cocoa pest that attacks the shoot and pods. The insecticides can control this pest effectivelly, but could cause negative effects on the environment. Therefore, botanical insecticide could be a safer alternative for environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of Piperaceae extracts: Piper aduncum, P. retrofractum, P. cubeba, and P. sarmentosum against H. antonii on cocoa. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI) Sukabumi, from January to November 2013. Those extracts were tested at 1%; 0.5%; 0.25%; 0.125%; 0.062% concentration level, respectively; and control (a mixture of acetone, methanol and Tween-80 with a ratio of 5:5:2) at 1.2% concentration level. All of treatments were repeated 3 times. The toxicity assessment was use of spraying method onto imago of H.antonii. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of P. retrofractum at 0.25% concentration caused 83.33% mortality of H. antonii imago at 120 hours after treatment (HAT), while the ethyl acetate extract of P. aduncum, P. cubeba, and P. Sarmentosum at the same time and concentration only leads to 33.33%; 20%; and 13.33% mortality, respectively. The insecticidal activity of P. retrofractum ethyl acetate extract was strongest against the imago of H. antonii because it contains piperine: 1-[(2E, 4E)-5 (1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,4-pentadienoyl] piperidine; (E,E) 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl-piperidine; and 3-benzodioxol-5-yl-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl-piperine. LC95 of P. retrofractum ethyl acetate extract against imago of H. antonii was below 0.5%, so it become the most potential to develop into botanical insecticide.
Sinergisme Heterorhabditis sp. dengan Penyarungan Buah dalam Mengendalikan Penggerek Buah Kakao Conopomorpha cramerella Samsudin Samsudin; Gusti Indriati
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n1.2013.p19-26

Abstract

Penggerek buah kakao (PBK) Conopomorpha cramerella merupakan hama utama tanaman kakao di Indonesia. Pengendalian hama ini sulit karena larva berada di dalam buah. Pengendalian biologi dengan memanfaatkan nematoda patogen serangga Heterorhabditis sp. diharapkan mampu mengendalikan larva yang ada di dalam buah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan Heterorhabditis sp. yang dikombinasikan dengan penyarungan buah untuk mengendalikan PBK. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat dari bulan April sampai November 2012. Sebelum dilakukan pengujian, tingkat serangan dan kerusakan biji akibat PBK di lokasi penelitian diamati terlebih dahulu. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), ukuran buah muda yang diberi perlakuan dikelompokkan menjadi 2, yaitu: kelompok ukuran panjang 8-10 cm dan 11-15 cm, masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan 10 pohon yang diambil secara acak, dan dari masing-masing pohon digunakan 2 buah muda dan diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah penyarungan dengan kantong plastik transparan ukuran 30 cm x 17 cm x 0,02 mm, Heterorhabditis sp. 500 juvenil infektif (JI/ml), kombinasi penyarungan dengan plastik dan Heterorhabditis sp. 500 JI/ml, dan kontrol. Pengamatan dilakukan pada saat panen. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase serangan dan kerusakan biji akibat serangan PBK dan persentase buah terserang penyakit busuk buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyarungan buah dengan plastik yang dikombinasikan dengan Heterorhabditis sp. efektif menurunkan persentase serangan dan kerusakan biji akibat PBK sampai 90%. Heterorhabditis sp. bekerja sinergis dengan penyarungan buah dalam mengendalikan PBK. Pemanfaatan Heterorhabditis sp. harus dipadukan dengan penyarungan buah, untuk menghindari meningkatnya serangan penyakit busuk buah.Kata Kunci: Conopomorpha cramerella, kakao, Heterorhabditis sp., penyarunganCocoa pod borer (CPB) Conopomorpha cramerella is one of main pests on cocoa plantations in Indonesia. Controlling of this pest is very difficult because the larvae lives inside the pods. Biological control by using entomophatogen nematode Heterorhabditis sp. is a promising method being able to control the CPB larvae which are already inside cocoa pods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Heterorhabditis sp. combined with pod sleeving application on CPB infestation. The study was conducted in Mamuju, West Sulawesi from April to November 2012. Prior of this research revealed that infestation rate and the number of damaged cocoa beans caused by CPB in the research location were high. This research used a randomized block design (RBD). The young cocoa pods used were devided into two categories of length (8-10 cm and 11-15 cm) randomizely selected of ten plants each on which two young cocoa pods were used with three replications. The treatments tested were the use of pod sleeving with transparent plastic bag having size of 30 cm x 17 cm x 0.02 mm, Heterorhabditis sp 500 JI/ml, combined pod sleeving with Heterorhabditis sp. 500 JI/ml, and the control. Each treatment was applied to the 20 cocoa pods and replicated 3 times. The observations were made at the time of harvest. The parameters observed were the percentage of CPB infestations, the number of damaged beans caused by CPB and the percentage of cocoa pods infected by pod rot disease. The results showed that the use of pod sleeving combined with Heterorhabditis sp. effectively reduced the level of CPB infestations and the number of damaged beans caused by CPB to 90%. Heterorhabditis sp. works sinergically with pod sleeving in controlling of CPB. The application of Heterorhabditis sp. alone can increase the pod rot disease infections. Therefore, its application on the cocoa plantations should be integrated with the pod sleeving.
Keefektifan Paket Teknologi Pengendalian Penggerek Buah Kakao (PBK) di Provinsi Bali Gusti Indriati; Samsudin Samsudin; Rubiyo Rubiyo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n1.2013.p65-70

Abstract

Hama penggerek buah kakao (PBK) (Conopomorpha cramerella Snell.) merupakan hama utama yang menyerang hampir seluruhperkebunan kakao di Indonesia, termasuk Bali. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan paket teknologi yang efektif untukmengendalikan PBK. Penelitian dilakukan pada areal kakao di kelompok Subak Abian Puncaksari, Kabupaten Tabanan, Provinsi Balidari tahun 2006 sampai 2009. Paket teknologi pengendalian PBK yang diuji ialah: P0 (teknologi petani), P1 (panen sering +penyarungan buah muda + pemangkasan), P2 (panen sering + pemangkasan + Beauveria bassiana), dan P3 (panen sering +pemangkasan + penyarungan buah muda + Beauveria basiana) dengan 5 ulangan. Setiap paket diintroduksikan kepada masing-masing 5petani pada lahan 0,5 ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paket teknologi P1 dan P3 merupakan paket teknologi pengendalianPBK yang efektif menurunkan tingkat dan intensitas serangan PBK dan menekan kehilangan hasil sampai 0%.Kata Kunci: Kakao, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snell.), pengendalianThe cocoa pod borer (CPB) caused by Conopomorpha cramerella (Snell.) is one of major pests having attacked almost all cocoa plantations inIndonesian, including Bali. The aim of this research was to find out of CPB control technology in Tabanan Regency, the province of Bali. The studywas conducted at the group of Subak Abian Puncaksari, province of Bali during 2006 until 2009. The CPB control technology packages tested are P0(farmer’s technologies), P1 (frequent harvesting + pods sleeving + pruning), P2 (frequent harvesting + pruning + Beauveria bassiana), P3 (frequentharvesting + pruning + pods sleeving + B. bassiana. Each package was applied to cocoa plantations of 5 farmers having of 0.5 ha each. The resultsindicated that P1 and P3 packages can reduce the rate and intensity of CPB attack and reduce losses 0 percent.
Keefektifan Bioinsektisida Berbasis Cendawan Entomopatogen Talaromyces pinophilus dan Minyak Nabati terhadap Hama Penggerek Buah Kopi Khaerati Khaerati; Gusti Indriati; Edi Wardiana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v7n2.2020.p93-108

Abstract

The coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is one of the main pests that cause yield losses in coffee plants. This pest directly attacks the coffee berries, both immature and ripe. The entomopathogenic fungi is one of the potential biological agents for CBB, environmentally friendly and does not kill non-target organisms. The study was conducted at the Integrated Laboratory, Industrial and Beverage Crop Research Institute, from June to October 2018. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of bioinsecticide based on entomopathogenic fungus of Talaromyces pinophilus (EFTP) and vegetable oil on CBB. The completely randomized design with 31 treatments and 3 replications was used in this study. The 31th of treatments consisted of 9 formulas of bioinsecticide based on EFTP and vegetable oil, control-positive (bioinsecticide based on EFTP and water), and control- negative (Klorpirifos insecticide). Variables observed were the activities of EFTP enzyme, effectiveness of vegetable oil as a carrier material, mortality of CBB beetles, percentage of CBB attacks, percentage of hollow berries, and number of holes per 10 coffee berries. Results showed that the formula of bioinsecticide based on EFTP produce the chitinase and protease enzymes which were potential as biological agents to control CBB in vitro. Soybean oil is the most effective as a carrier material in formulating EFTP. The formula of S69MK30 and S79MK20 in concentration of 7.50% respectively have the highest potential as biological agents to control CBB. Other potential formula is S69MKT30 in concentration of 7.50%.
Intensitas Serangan Penggerek Cabang Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pada Empat Klon Kopi Robusta Gusti Indriati; Khaerati Khaerati; Iing Sobari; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2017.p99-106

Abstract

Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is one main pest in coffee plant which damages the branches. Each Robusta coffee clones has unique genetical, physiological, and morphological characteristics, thus presumably has different resistance levels to X. Compactus. This study aimed to determine the attack intensity of X. compactus on four Robusta coffee clones (SA 237, BP 308, BP 358 and RBGN 371) in the field. The research was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station and Integrated Laboratory of the Indonesian Industrial and Beverages Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from September to Desember 2016. Three years old Robusta coffee plants of SA 237, BP 308, BP 358, and RBGN 371 clones were used, with 2.5 m x 2.5 m spacing and Gliricidia sepium, Musa paradisiaca, and Aleurites trisperma as shading plants. Variables observed were the attack symptoms in the hole, the insects stadia, the hole diameter, number and length of eggs, number and length of larvae, length and width of X. compactus imago, the attack symptoms and intensity. Moreover, sunlight intensity and water content of coffee branch was also observed as supportiing data. Data were analyzed by anova of completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments of coffee clones and 6 replications. The results showed that attack of X. compactus was occurred at the branch of coffee plant, which potentially causing crops damage. Of the four Robusta coffee clones observed showed that the highest attack intensity and number of holes occurred in SA 237 clone, and the lowest in RBGN 371 clone.
Efektivitas Minyak Cengkeh, Nimba dan Kemiri Sunan, serta Ekstrak Babadotan Terhadap Penyakit Karat Daun Kopi (Hemileia vastatrix) Efi Taufiq; Gusti Indriati; Rita Harni; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 8, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v8n1.2021.p1-8

Abstract

Leaf rust disease (Hemileia vastatrix) is commonly controlled using synthetic fungicides.  Plant oils and extracts are expected to reduce the pathogen. The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of clove, Reutealis trisperma, and neem oils, and Ageratum conyzoides extract against H. vastatrix. The study was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute and smallholder coffee plantation in Garut, West Java, from January to December 2018. The A. conyzoides were extracted in the laboratories.  Plant oils and extract's effectiveness was tested in vitro against the germination of urediniospore and in a greenhouse to inhibit disease development. The in vitro experiment were evaluated the eight concentrations of extract and oil were:  0 (steril water), 250, 500, 1000,  1500, 3000, and 5000 ppm. Whereas, in the greenhouse experiments used three concentrations of 1000, 2500, and 5000 ppm of the extract and oil, and 2000 ppm of Mankozeb (positive control). The greenhouse test was carried out on Arabica coffee plants, completely randomized design and five replications.  The number of spots, disease intensity, and plant growth were examined periodically. The results showed that all of the the extract and oil inhibited the urediniospores germination, and the most effective concentrations were 500 ppm, 3000 ppm, and 5000 ppm. A. conyzoides extract, and clove oil effectively suppressed the infection of H. vastatrix by 75.99% and 64.00%, respectively, and comparable to the synthetic fungicide (68.00%).
Potensi Asap Cair sebagai Insektisida Nabati Penggerek Buah Kopi Hypothenemus hampei Gusti Indriati; Samsudin Samsudin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 5, No 3 (2018): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v5n3.2018.p123-134

Abstract

Coffee berry borer (CBB) is the main pest of coffee plants. This pest is difficult to control as it attacks coffee fruit on the tree, multiplies inside the fruit and stays till storage. The study aimed to determine the potential liquid smoke from plant waste to control CBB. The research was conducted at Plant Protection Laboratory (IIBCRI), from January to December 2016. The liquid smokes made from cacao pod husks, sawdust, coconut shells, and rice husks. Phytochemical content of liquid smokes was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using gas cromatografy mass spectrometry (GCMS). Toxicity analysis was carried out by residual and contact methods at concentrations of 1%; 1.5%; 2%; 2.5%; controls (aquades), and chlorpyrifos insecticide (2 ml/l) as comparison. Each treatment used 15 H. hampei imagos, repeated 3 times. Mortality parameters were observed at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after treatment (HAT). To investigate antifeedance, 10 coffee fruits were infested with 20 imagos  in plastic containers, repeated 3 times and parameters observed were the number of holes at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after infestation. The results showed that the largest component in liquid smoke presumably functioned as insecticides are Benzenesulfonic acid 4-hydroxy and Acetic acid. All liquid smokes tested were toxic to CBB imagos. The highest CBB mortalities occurred after liquid smoke treatment from coconut shell at concentrations of 2.5% by 48.87%, attack rate was only 20%, decreased 70%. Liquid smoke from coconut shell is the most potential as botanical  insecticide to control CBB.
Kemampuan Blastospora Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Metarhizium anisopliae dan Lecanicillium decanii dalam Menginfeksi Kumbang Hypothenemus hampei Samsudin Samsudin; Khaerati Khaerati; Gusti Indriati; Arlia Dwi Hapsari
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 7, No 3 (2020): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v7n3.2020.p179-188

Abstract

Hypothenemus hampei merupakan hama penggerek buah kopi (PBKo) yang sulit dikendalikan karena hidup di dalam buah kopi. Blastospora jamur patogen serangga (JPS) diharapkan efektif mengendalikan hama tersebut. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan blastospora Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Metarhizium anisopliae dan Lecanicillium lecanii dalam menginfeksi, mematikan dan menghambat perkembangan  H. hampei pada buah kopi di laboratorium. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Desember 2019 di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, Sukabumi. Penelitian menggunakan 14 perlakuan, yaitu 3 jenis jamur (P. fumosoroseus, M. anisopliae dan L. lecanii) dengan masing-masing 4 kerapatan  (108, 107, 106, dan 105 blastospora/ml), kontrol positif menggunakan insektisida nabati (Biotris) dan kontrol negatif, serta diulang 4 kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah mortalitas, jumlah gerekan, dan perkembangan serangga setelah perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua blastospora mampu menginfeksi dan mematikan imago  H. hampei di laboratorium. Mortalitas tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan P. fumosoroseus dengan kerapatan 108 blastospora/ml (P1) sebesar 39,91%, sedangkan jumlah gerekan terendah  pada perlakuan L. lecanii 106 blastospora/ml (L3) dengan daya hambat sebesar 28,57%.  Semua jenis blastospora juga dapat menghambat perkembangan serangga dalam buah kopi, dengan tingkat penghambatan tertinggi pada perlakuan M. anisopliae 108 blastospora/ml (M1) yaitu 78,69% untuk telur dan 74,24% untuk larva. Blastospora dari tiga jenis JPS berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bioinsektisida pengendali PBKo.
Potensi Lecanicillium lecanii untuk Pengendalian Helopeltis antonii pada Tanaman Teh Gusti Indriati; Samsudin Samsudin; Widi Amaria
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n2.2015.p99-106

Abstract

Lecanicillium lecanii is an entomopathogenic fungus that potential to control tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii. The research aimed to determine the potential of L. lecanii in controlling H. antonii in tea plant. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Protection, Indonesian Industrial and Beverages Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI) Sukabumi, from January to October 2014. The study consisted of infectivity and antifeedancy of L. lecanii on H. antonii nymph, as well as its in vitro compatibility with botanical insecticide, using completely randomized design (CRD). The infectivity and antifeedancy tests of L. lecanii on H. antonii nymph were carried out using 4 densities: 106, 107, 108, 109 conidia/ml, and control. Each treatment of infectivity test was repeated 4 times with observed variables were mortality and development of nymphs. Meanwhile, antifeedancy test was repeated 10 times with the observed variable was percentage of feeding reduction. The in vitro compatibility test of L. lecanii was done by using Piper retrofractum (PR), Tephrosia vogelii (TV) and Annona squamosa (AS) powder with the concentration of 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, respectively and control, which repeated 4 times. The results showed that L. lecanii capable to infect and kill H. antonii nymph at about 65% in laboratory and reduce feeding about 83.04%. Addition of A. squamosa and T. vogelii powder at 2.5%–7.5% concentration were not significantly affecting the growth of L. lecanii colonies on PDA media. On the other hand, addition of P. retrofractum powder with the same concentration was considerably inhibiting the growth of L. lecanii. This result demonstrates that A. squamosa and T. vogelii powder are compatible with L. lecanii.