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KEEFEKTIFAN Trichoderma sp. DAN Fusarium NON PATOGENIK DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PUCUK VANILI BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN / Effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium to Environmentally Control Vanilla Shoot Rot Disease Efi Taufiq; Hasim Hasim; Bonny PW Soekarno; M. Surahman
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.18-25

Vanilla shoot rot disease (VSR) is one of important disease that potentially reduces Indonesia’s vanilla production. The VSR disease is prevalently developing in the nursery, but due to the extreme climate change, the disease occurrence in the garden has increased recently. A present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium (NPF) in controlling the VSR disease in the garden. An experiment was conducted in a vanilla garden at KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi November 2015 - July 2016. The study consisted of five treatments that were application of Trichoderma sp. substrate (T) onto the vanilla tips, spraying the conidial suspension of FusNP (F), a combine application of Trichoderma sp. and FusNP (TF), synthetic fungicide mancozeb (M) and the control (K). The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, replicated five times each. The variables measured were the incidence and severity of VSR diseases monthly, residue of synthetic fungicides and rainfall. The results showed that application of Trichoderma sp. sp. and NPF reduced the disease severity of VSR 3 % and 5 % respectively than the one of control. While the fungicide application was 3% lower than the control. The VSR disease progress is affected significantly by rainfall period. Keyword: vanilla shoot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici. Bioagent. AbstrakPenyakit busuk pucuk vanili (BPV) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting vanili yang berpotensi mengurangi produksi vanili di Indonesia. Penyakit BPV di Indonesia umumnya merusak pembibitan, namun akibat perubahan iklim yang ekstrim, serangan penyakit BPV pada tanaman vanili dewasa di kebun mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui keefektifan Trichoderma sp. dan Fusarium non patogenik (FusNP) dalam mengendalikan penyakit BPV di kebun vanili. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan di KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi mulai November 2015 - Juli 2016. Pengujian residu fungisida sintetik dilakukan di Laboratorium Residu Bahan Agrokimia Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, Laladon Bogor. Penelitian terdiri atas lima perlakuan yaitu pemberian substrat Trichoderma sp. (T), penyemprotan suspensi konidia FusNP (F), kombinasi Trichoderma sp. dan FusNP (TF), fungisida sintetik mancozeb (M) dan kontrol (K). Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak lima kali. Variabel yang diamati adalah gejala dan keparahan penyakit, curah hujan, dan residu fungisida sintetik. Data dianalisis dengan Uji Tukey pada selang kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. dan FusNP cukup efektif mengendalikan penyakit BPV di lapangan, setara dengan keefektifan fungisida sintetik yaitu kejadian penyakit berkisar 2 - 5%, sedangkan kontrol mencapai 32%. Perkembangan penyakit BPV dipengaruhi oleh curah hujan, semakin tinggi curah hujan semakin tinggi intensitas serangan penyakit BPV. Penggunaan fungisida sintetik secara intensif menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan berupa residu pestisida pada daun, buah, dan tanah rizosfer vanili..Kata kunci: busuk pucuk vanili, Phytophthora. capsici, agens hayati. ABSTRACTVanilla shoot rot disease (VSR) is one of important disease that potentially reduces Indonesia’s vanilla production. The VSR disease is prevalently developing in the nursery, but due to the extreme climate change, the disease occurrence in the garden has increased recently. A present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium (NPF) in controlling the VSR disease in the garden. An experiment was conducted in a vanilla garden at KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi November 2015 - July 2016. The study consisted of five treatments that were application of Trichoderma sp. substrate (T) onto the vanilla tips, spraying the conidial suspension of FusNP (F), a combine application of Trichoderma sp. and FusNP (TF), synthetic fungicide mancozeb (M) and the control (K). The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, replicated five times each. The variables measured were the incidence and severity of VSR diseases monthly, residue of synthetic fungicides and rainfall. The results showed that application of Trichoderma sp. sp. and NPF reduced the disease severity of VSR 3 % and 5 % respectively than the one of control. While the fungicide application was 3% lower than the control. The VSR disease progress is affected significantly by rainfall period. Keyword: vanilla shoot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici. Bioagent.

Ketahanan 13 Nomor Koleksi Plasma Nutfah Jambu Mete terhadap Penyakit Busuk Akar Fusarium Dani Dani; Efi Taufiq; Handi Supriadi; Enny Randriani; Ilham Nur Ardhi Wicaksono
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n2.2012.p171-176

Busuk akar Fusarium merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman jambu mete pada fase bibit maupun dewasa. Oleh sebab itu, upaya perakitan varietas tanaman jambu mete yang tahan terhadap serangan penyakit tersebut perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji ketahanan nomor-nomor koleksi plasma nutfah jambu mete terhadap serangan penyakit busuk akar Fusarium. Seleksi dilakukan terhadap bibit hasil persarian terbuka dari 13 nomor aksesi jambu mete koleksi plasma nutfah di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Cikampek. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada fase bibit di dalam rumah plastik dengan naungan paranet intensitas 50% di KP Pakuwon. Perlakuan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Inokulasi buatan menggunakan isolat Fusarium sp. dari tanah yang dicairkan sampai kepadatan konidia 108 konidia/ml. Hasil pengamatan menujukkan bahwa seluruh nomor aksesi jambu mete yang diuji tidak tahan terhadap serangan penyakit busuk akar Fusarium. Persentase kejadian penyakit paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh nomor aksesi Lembor 2, M Z Lux, dan Ekoae Kecil, yaitu mencapai 93,33%, sedangkan aksesi JN 26 menunjukkan persentase kejadian sebesar 63,33%. Tingkat keparahan penyakit paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh nomor aksesi Menini 15, yaitu mencapai 83,56%, meskipun secara statistik tidak berbeda nyata dengan Kodi 2 dan Kobawani yang masing-masing 82,92% dan 82,48%. Resistance of 13 Cashew Germplasm Accessions to Fusarium Root Rot Disease ABSTRACT Root rot caused by Fusarium is an important cashew disease which attacks any stage of cashew growing from seedlings to adult plant. Therefore, findings of new cashew variety being resistant to the disease should be done in breeding program. The aim of this work was to assess resistance of cashew accession numbers to the disease. Cashew seedlings derived from open pollinated of 13 cashew accessions were observed at germplasm collection of the crop planted at Cikampek Research Station. This work was held in nursery with 50% light intensity of paranet at Pakuwon Research Station. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Artificial innoculation used Fusarium isolated from soil was diluted in sterilized water with density of 108 conidia/ml was innoculated to the seedlings. Result showed that allf cashew accessions tested were sucecptable to the disease attack. Lembor 2, M Z Lux, and small Ekoae accessions revealed high in disease incidence which reached 93.33%. Whereas, JN 26 showed the lowest disease incidence, i.e. only 63.33%. The most severe disease symptom was show by Menini 15 (83.56%), although it was not significantly different from Kodi 2 and Kobawani reaching of 82.92% and 82.48%, respectively.

Ketahanan Pohon Induk Kopi Liberika terhadap Penyakit Karat Daun (Hemileia vastatrix B. Et Br.) di Kepulauan Meranti Rita Harni; Efi Taufiq; Budi Martono
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n1.2015.p35-42

Leaf rust disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix is considered as the most devastating disease in coffee plants due to it can kill the plants. The objective of this research was to determine the resistance of Liberica coffee derived from Kepulauan Meranti against leaf rust disease (H. vastatrix) that will be used as a composite variety. The research was conducted in Kedabu Rapat Village, Rangsang Pesisir Sub-district, Kepulauan Meranti in 2013 and 2014. Observations were carried out at farmer field in an area of 170 ha toward Liberica coffee that previously has been selected. Leaf rust resistance can be observed on the leaves of each selected Liberica coffee tree. The observed parameters were attack symptoms and disease intensity index (IIP). The disease intensity index (IIP) refers to the score of infected plants, i.e.: 0 = immune, 1%–29% = resistant, 30%–49% = moderate resistant, 50%–69% = moderate susceptible and 70%–100% = susceptible. The observation result on 106 selected Liberica coffee trees against H. vastatrix showed 90 trees (84.90%) were resistant, 14 trees (13.1%) were moderate resistant, and one tree (0.9%) was susceptible. The resistance of Liberica coffee is known quite stable during two years of observation.

Patogen Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao: Karakter dan Patogenisitas Phytophthora palmivora Isolat Asal Pakuwon, Sukabumi Wartono Wartono; Efi Taufiq
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 8, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v8n1.2021.p49-58

Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) is a major obstacle in cocoa cultivation worldwide. The study aimed to determine the morphological character and pathogenicity of P. palmivora Pakuwon isolate. The study was carried out from November 2020 to January 2021, which consisted of 3 activities e.g. (1) pathogen isolation, tests on growth rate and colony formation, and stimulation of sporangia, zoospore, and clamydospore formation, which was performed in CMA, PDA, and mung bean media. The parameters observed were colony shape, growth rate, shape and size of sporangia, papillae, and sporangiophores, also chlamydospore and hyphal diameters; (2) To determine the possibility of different mating types, two isolates were grown on CMA medium in one petri dish; (3) The pathogenicity test, using a detached fruit assay by inoculating the cocoa pods with mycelium plug and zoospores. The patogenicity test was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 replications, and the parameter observed was the area of the spot. The isolation obtained 3 isolates, the mycelium of all three isolates showed white in color, cottony, and no pattern in shape. The diameters of hyphae and chlamydospores were 5.6 - 6.3 mm and 39.0 - 43.2 mm, respectively. The sporangia were ovoid, ellipsoid, subsperic, obpyriform, and irregular. Sporangia measured 5.6 - 60.1 mm in length and 30.4 - 32.9 mm in width. Papillae were obviously visible with an average length of 6.8 mm. Test on mating types showed no oospores formed. PPkw1 isolates showed higher growth rates and more pathogenic than PPkw2 and PPkw3. The difference of pathogenicity of each P. palmivora isolates originated from Pakuwon can be used for selection of cocoa resistance in the future.

Seleksi dan Identifikasi Jamur Antagonis Sebagai Agens Hayati Jamur Akar Putih Rigidoporus microporus pada Tanaman Karet Widi Amaria; Efi Taufiq; Rita Harni
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n1.2013.p55-64

Jamur akar putih (Rigidoporus microporus) merupakan patogen utama pada tanaman karet yang sulit pengendaliannya karenamempunyai struktur bertahan dalam tanah (klamidospora). Pengendalian hayati dengan jamur antagonis sangat potensial digunakanuntuk mengendalikan patogen tular tanah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri danPenyegar, mulai Februari sampai Juli 2012 dengan tujuan untuk menyeleksi dan mengidentifikasi jamur antagonis yang potensialmengendalikan patogen R. microporus pada tanaman karet. Penelitian terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu (1) pengambilan sampel padabeberapa perkebunan karet di daerah Lampung, Sumatera Selatan, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Barat dan (2) isolasi, seleksi, karakterisasimorfologi dan identifikasi di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar. Hasil isolasi jamurantagonis dari rizosfer dan akar tanaman karet diperoleh 209 isolat. Berdasarkan persentase daya hambat terseleksi 12 isolat antagonis,yaitu 8 isolat rizosfer (Trichoderma virens, 2 isolat Trichoderma hamatum, 2 isolat Trichoderma amazonicum, Penicillium pinophilum,Paecilomyces lilacinus, dan Aspergillus fijiensis), dan 4 isolat endofit (Eupenicillium javanicum, Penicillium simplicissimum, Penicillium citrinum,dan Hypocrea atroviridis). Kedua belas isolat tersebut merupakan jamur antagonis potensial untuk mengendalikan penyakit JAP padakaret.Kata Kunci: Rigidoporus microporus, seleksi, identifikasi, jamur antagonisWhite root disease caused by Rigidoporus microporus is the main pathogen in rubber growing. The diseases is hard to be controlled because of itschlamydospore in soil. The use of antagonistic fungi is a potential approach being able to control the soil borne disease. A study was established atlaboratory of The Indonesian Research Institute for Industrial and Beverage Crops from February to July 2012. The objective of the study was to selectand identify some antagonistic fungi which are able to control R. microporus in rubber. The steps of study conducted were (1) collecting of soilsamples (as sources of antagonistic fungi) taken from several rubber plantations in Lampung, South Sumatra, Central Java and West Java, and (2)isolation, selection, and identification of morphological characteristics of the isolates at the Plant Protection Laboratory of The Research Institute.Results obtained 209 isolates of antagonistic fungi from rhizosphere and endophyte in rubber. There are 12-selected antagonistic isolates consisting of8 rhizosphere and 4 endophytic isolates. The rhizosphere isolates are Trichoderma virens, 2 isolates of Trichoderma hamatum, 2 isolates ofTrichoderma amazonicum, and one each of Penicillium pinophilum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, and Aspergillus fijiensis), whereas theendophytic isolates are Eupenicillium javanicum, Penicillium simplicissimum, Penicillium citrinum, and Hypocrea atroviridis of oneeach. The twelve isolates are antagonistic fungi in which the white root disease may be likely controlled.

Efektivitas Minyak Cengkeh, Nimba dan Kemiri Sunan, serta Ekstrak Babadotan Terhadap Penyakit Karat Daun Kopi (Hemileia vastatrix) Efi Taufiq; Gusti Indriati; Rita Harni; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 8, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v8n1.2021.p1-8

Leaf rust disease (Hemileia vastatrix) is commonly controlled using synthetic fungicides. Plant oils and extracts are expected to reduce the pathogen. The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of clove, Reutealis trisperma, and neem oils, and Ageratum conyzoides extract against H. vastatrix. The study was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute and smallholder coffee plantation in Garut, West Java, from January to December 2018. The A. conyzoides were extracted in the laboratories. Plant oils and extract's effectiveness was tested in vitro against the germination of urediniospore and in a greenhouse to inhibit disease development. The in vitro experiment were evaluated the eight concentrations of extract and oil were: 0 (steril water), 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 3000, and 5000 ppm. Whereas, in the greenhouse experiments used three concentrations of 1000, 2500, and 5000 ppm of the extract and oil, and 2000 ppm of Mankozeb (positive control). The greenhouse test was carried out on Arabica coffee plants, completely randomized design and five replications. The number of spots, disease intensity, and plant growth were examined periodically. The results showed that all of the the extract and oil inhibited the urediniospores germination, and the most effective concentrations were 500 ppm, 3000 ppm, and 5000 ppm. A. conyzoides extract, and clove oil effectively suppressed the infection of H. vastatrix by 75.99% and 64.00%, respectively, and comparable to the synthetic fungicide (68.00%).

Isolasi dan Seleksi Jamur Endofit Asal Tanaman Kakao Sebagai Agens Hayati Phytophthora palmivora Butl. Rita Harni; Widi Amaria; Khaerati Khaerati; Efi Taufiq
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2016): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n3.2016.p141-150

Phytophthora palmivora Butl. merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit busuk buah kakao (BBK) yang menimbulkan kerugian cukup besar bagi petani. Pengendalian P. palmivora yang banyak dianjurkan adalah pengendalian ramah lingkungan dengan menggunakan agens hayati seperti jamur endofit. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan jamur endofit asal tanaman kakao yang bekerja sebagai agens hayati terhadap P. palmivora patogen penyebab busuk buah kakao. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri), Sukabumi, mulai bulan Januari sampai Juli 2015. Eksplorasi jamur endofit dilakukan di beberapa daerah penghasil kakao, yaitu Sulawesi Tenggara, Lampung, dan Jawa Barat. Bahan tanaman kakao yang digunakan sebagai sampel adalah daun, buah, dan ranting dari beberapa varietas dan klon kakao. Isolat-isolat jamur endofit diisolasi, dimurnikan, dan diseleksi kinerjanya terhadap P. palmivora secara in vitro pada media PDA dan secara in vivo pada buah kakao. Hasil isolasi diperoleh 269 isolat jamur endofit dari beberapa daerah, yaitu 195 isolat dari Sulawesi Tenggara, 41 isolat dari Jawa Barat, dan 33 isolat dari Lampung. Hasil seleksi isolat jamur endofit terhadap P. palmivora diperoleh 4 isolat jamur dari marga Trichoderma yang potensial sebagai agens hayati untuk pengendalian P. palmivora, yaitu SWI, STII, PB5, dan SWII dengan daya hambat 70,33%; 68,89%; 67,43%; dan 66,67%.

Pengaruh Formula Fungisida Nabati Minyak Cengkeh dan Serai Wangi terhadap Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao Rita Harni; Efi Taufiq; Widi Amaria
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n1.2014.p41-48

Penyakit utama busuk buah kakao disebabkan oleh Phytophthora palmivora dapat menurunkan hasil 20%-30%. Pengendalian penyakitdengan fungisida nabati saat ini banyak dikembangkan, dengan tujuan mengurangi dampak negatif dari fungisida sintetik. Fungisidanabati yang digunakan adalah minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi karena mudah didapat dan bersifat fungisidal. Penelitian bertujuanmenganalisis pengaruh formula fungisida nabati minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi terhadap perkembangan penyakit busuk buah kakao(BBK) yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora palmivora. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun petani Kabupaten Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat,menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok 7 perlakuan, 4 ulangan. Setiap perlakuan diamati 20 buah kakao berukuran 8-10 cm.Perlakuan yang diuji adalah 1) minyak cengkeh+serai wangi, 2) minyak cengkeh+asam salisilat, 3) minyak cengkeh+silikon, 4) seraiwangi+asam salisilat, 5) serai wangi+silikon, 6) fungisida sintetik sebagai pembanding, dan 7) kontrol. Larutan formula (5ml/liter)disemprotkan pada buah setiap 2 minggu sekali sampai buah masak atau dipanen. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase serangan,intensitas serangan, kadar senyawa fenol, dan bobot biji kakao. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula fungisida nabaticengkeh dan serai wangi yang diperkaya dengan asam salisilat dan silikon dapat menekan intensitas serangan penyakit busuk buahkakao sebesar 20,48%-65,62%, tidak berbeda nyata dengan fungisida sintetik (73,15%). Besarnya tingkat penekanan penyakit sejalandengan kandungan senyawa fenol pada kuit buah kakao. Semakin tinggi kadar fenol pada kulit buah, maka semakin tinggi penekananpenyakit busuk buah kakao. Penggunaan formula fungisida nabati dapat menekan kehilangan produksi kakao 23,94%-43,02%.Formula terbaik dan dapat dianjurkan untuk pengendalian penyakit busuk buah kakao adalah minyak cengkeh+serai wangi,cengkeh+asam salisilat, dan serai wangi+silikon.Kata Kunci: Kakao, Phytophthora palmivora, busuk buah kakao, fungisida nabatiBlack pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora is a major disease on cacao crops, which can cause yield losses until 20%-30%. Diseasecontrol using botanical fungicide such as the use of clove and citronella oil, which have fungicidal effect, have been developed to reduce the negativeimpact of synthetic fungicide residues. The objectives of this study was to analyze the effect of clove and citronella oil as botanical fungicide formulaon the development of black pod disease and seed weight of cocoa in the field. The study was carried out at farmer’s fields in Mamuju District, WestSulawesi using a randomized block design with 4 replications and 7 treatment. In each treatment was observed 20 cacao pods with size 8-10 cm. Thetreatments were 1) clove + citronella oil, 2) clove oil + salicylic acid, 3) clove oil + silicone, 4) citronella + salicylic acid, 5) citronella + silicone,6) synthetic fungicides as a comparison treatment, and 7) control. The botanical formula was applied by spraying onto the entire surface of pod witha concentration of 5 ml/litre every 2 weeks. Observations were include the percentage of attacks, intensity of the attack, the levels of phenoliccompounds, and seed weight of cacao. The results showed that the formula of botanical fungicide containing clove and citronella oil enriched withsalicylic acid and silicon can suppress disease attack of black pod (20.48%-65.62%), which was not significantly different from synthetic fungicide(73.15%). The level of disease suppression in line with phenolic compounds of cocoa husk. In which, high phenolic contents can reduce black poddisease at a higher level . The use of botanical fungicides formula can suppress the yield loss until 23.94% to 43.02%. The best formulas that canbe recommended in suppressing intensity of black pod disease were clove oil + citronella, clove oil + salicylic acid, and citronella + silicon.

KEEFEKTIFAN Trichoderma sp. DAN Fusarium NON PATOGENIK DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PUCUK VANILI BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN / Effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium to Environmentally Control Vanilla Shoot Rot Disease Efi Taufiq; Hasim Hasim; Bonny PW Soekarno; M. Surahman
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Vanilla shoot rot disease (VSR) is one of important disease that potentially reduces Indonesia’s vanilla production. The VSR disease is prevalently developing in the nursery, but due to the extreme climate change, the disease occurrence in the garden has increased recently. A present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium (NPF) in controlling the VSR disease in the garden. An experiment was conducted in a vanilla garden at KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi November 2015 - July 2016. The study consisted of five treatments that were application of Trichoderma sp. substrate (T) onto the vanilla tips, spraying the conidial suspension of FusNP (F), a combine application of Trichoderma sp. and FusNP (TF), synthetic fungicide mancozeb (M) and the control (K). The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, replicated five times each. The variables measured were the incidence and severity of VSR diseases monthly, residue of synthetic fungicides and rainfall. The results showed that application of Trichoderma sp. sp. and NPF reduced the disease severity of VSR 3 % and 5 % respectively than the one of control. While the fungicide application was 3% lower than the control. The VSR disease progress is affected significantly by rainfall period. Keyword: vanilla shoot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici. Bioagent. AbstrakPenyakit busuk pucuk vanili (BPV) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting vanili yang berpotensi mengurangi produksi vanili di Indonesia. Penyakit BPV di Indonesia umumnya merusak pembibitan, namun akibat perubahan iklim yang ekstrim, serangan penyakit BPV pada tanaman vanili dewasa di kebun mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui keefektifan Trichoderma sp. dan Fusarium non patogenik (FusNP) dalam mengendalikan penyakit BPV di kebun vanili. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan di KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi mulai November 2015 - Juli 2016. Pengujian residu fungisida sintetik dilakukan di Laboratorium Residu Bahan Agrokimia Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, Laladon Bogor. Penelitian terdiri atas lima perlakuan yaitu pemberian substrat Trichoderma sp. (T), penyemprotan suspensi konidia FusNP (F), kombinasi Trichoderma sp. dan FusNP (TF), fungisida sintetik mancozeb (M) dan kontrol (K). Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak lima kali. Variabel yang diamati adalah gejala dan keparahan penyakit, curah hujan, dan residu fungisida sintetik. Data dianalisis dengan Uji Tukey pada selang kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. dan FusNP cukup efektif mengendalikan penyakit BPV di lapangan, setara dengan keefektifan fungisida sintetik yaitu kejadian penyakit berkisar 2 - 5%, sedangkan kontrol mencapai 32%. Perkembangan penyakit BPV dipengaruhi oleh curah hujan, semakin tinggi curah hujan semakin tinggi intensitas serangan penyakit BPV. Penggunaan fungisida sintetik secara intensif menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan berupa residu pestisida pada daun, buah, dan tanah rizosfer vanili..Kata kunci: busuk pucuk vanili, Phytophthora. capsici, agens hayati. ABSTRACTVanilla shoot rot disease (VSR) is one of important disease that potentially reduces Indonesia’s vanilla production. The VSR disease is prevalently developing in the nursery, but due to the extreme climate change, the disease occurrence in the garden has increased recently. A present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium (NPF) in controlling the VSR disease in the garden. An experiment was conducted in a vanilla garden at KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi November 2015 - July 2016. The study consisted of five treatments that were application of Trichoderma sp. substrate (T) onto the vanilla tips, spraying the conidial suspension of FusNP (F), a combine application of Trichoderma sp. and FusNP (TF), synthetic fungicide mancozeb (M) and the control (K). The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, replicated five times each. The variables measured were the incidence and severity of VSR diseases monthly, residue of synthetic fungicides and rainfall. The results showed that application of Trichoderma sp. sp. and NPF reduced the disease severity of VSR 3 % and 5 % respectively than the one of control. While the fungicide application was 3% lower than the control. The VSR disease progress is affected significantly by rainfall period. Keyword: vanilla shoot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici. Bioagent.

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