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Pengaruh Mikoriza dan Amelioran terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Kopi Usman Daras; Octivia Trisilawati; Iing Sobari
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2013.p145-156

Abstract

Tanah yang telah ditanami tanaman kopi seringkali tidak mampu menyediakan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan secara memadai untuk kelangsungan hidup tanaman itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan pupuk anorganik dan organik sangat diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi. Selain pupuk organik dan anorganik, beberapa pupuk hayati yang diformulasikan dari mikroba tanah non patogen seperti jamur mikoriza juga telah digunakan untuk tujuan pengembangan pertanian. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh mikoriza dan amelioran terhadap pertumbuhan benih kopi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Sukabumi pada bulan Februari-Desember 2012. Rancangan penelitian adalah acak kelompok faktorial dua faktor dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor-faktor yang diuji adalah penggunaan mikoriza (tanpa mikoriza, mikoriza dari rizosfer kopi, dan mikoriza dari rizosfer jambu mete) dan amelioran (tanpa amelioran, kompos, kapur, dan kapur dicampur kompos). Peubah yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, dan bobot kering daun, batang, dan akar, serta tingkat infeksi mikoriza pada akar kopi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan inokulum mikoriza, baik yang berasal dari rizosfer tanaman kopi maupun jambu mete mampu memperbaiki pertumbuhan benih kopi. Mikoriza yang berasal dari rizosfer kopi memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik dibandingkan yang berasal dari rizosfer jambu mete, sedangkan penggunaan amelioran maupun kombinasinya tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan benih kopi.Kata Kunci: Mikoriza, benih kopi, amelioran, pertumbuhanIt is often the soil on which coffee is grown is not able to supply all nutrients needed by plant adequately for its life cycle. Hence, both inorganic and organic fertilizers are used to meet nutrient requirement. In addition to organic and inorganic fertilizers, some biofertilizers formulated from nonpathogenic soil microbes such as mycorrhizas fungi has been developed for agricultural purposes. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of mycorrhizas fungi and ameliorants on the growth of Robusta coffee seedlings. The study was carried out at a green house of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi from April to December 2012. Two factors examined were: (1) the use of mycorrhizal fungus (without mycorrhizas, added mycorrhizas fungi isolated from coffee plant rhizosphere, and those from cashew trees rhizosphere), and (2) ameliorant application (without ameliorant, compost, lime, and mixed lime with compost). The factors were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates and plot size of 16 plants. Variables observed are plant height, diameter of girth, number of leaves, dry weight of leaves, stem, roots, and infection level of mycorrhizas in coffee roots. The result showed that the mycorrhizas fungus (arised from coffee or cashew rhizosphere) significantly affect on the growth of coffee seedlings. The coffee seedlings treated with mycorrhizas fungi isolated from coffee rhizosphere was better than those of cashew rhizosphere. Whereas, the ameliorant and their combinations not significantly affect on the growth of coffee seedling.
Pengaruh Ukuran Biji terhadap Perkecambahan dan Pertumbuhan Benih Kopi Liberoid Meranti Iing Sobari; Nur Kholis Firdaus; Dibyo Pranowo; Edi Wardiana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 9, No 1 (2022): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v9n1.2022.p23-32

Abstract

Kopi Liberika (Coffea liberica Bull ex Hiern) tergolong kopi Liberoid yang memiliki ukuran buah lebih besar daripada kopi Arabika dan Robusta. Setiap jenis kopi Liberoid memiliki ukuran biji yang beragam dari yang berukuran kecil, sedang, hingga besar. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan informasi tentang ukuran benih yang optimal untuk perbanyakan kopi Liberoid secara generatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran klas benih terhadap perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan benih kopi Liberoid Meranti. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, Pakuwon, Sukabumi, mulai bulan Januari sampai September 2021. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 2 tahap, yaitu tahap persemaian awal dan persemaian utama, dengan rancangannya masing-masing adalah rancangan petak terpisah yang diulang 5 kali. Sebagai petak utama adalah 2 jenis kopi Liberoid Meranti yaitu LIM 1 dan LIM 2, sedangkan sebagai anak petak adalah 3 ukuran klas benih yaitu ukuran kecil, sedang, dan besar. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap proses perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa viabilitas, pertumbuhan tinggi, dan diameter batang benih dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara jenis kopi dengan ukuran benih, sedangkan panjang hipokotil dan panjang akar dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan ukuran benih. Untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan perbanyakan benih melalui biji, maka untuk kopi LIM 1 sebaiknya menggunakan benih yang berukuran sedang sampai besar (0,51-0,70 g/benih), sedangkan untuk LIM 2 sebaiknya menggunakan benih yang berukuan kecil (0,56-0,62 g/benih).
Pengaruh Umur Batang Bawah Terhadap Persentase Keberhasilan Okulasi Hijau pada Tiga Klon Karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Agr.) Nana Heryana; Saefudin Saefudin; Iing Sobari
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n2.2014.p95-100

Abstract

Perbanyakan karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Agr.) dengan okulasi cokelat membutuhkan waktu yang lama dalam pembibitannya, sedangkan perbanyakan dengan okulasi hijau belum banyak dilakukan karena tingkat keberhasilan masih sangat rendah. Salah satu faktor yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan okulasi hijau adalah umur bibit batang bawah. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan umur batang bawah terhadap persentase keberhasilan okulasi hijau pada tiga klon karet. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan (KP.) Pakuwon, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar pada bulan Januari-Desember 2013. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi, tiga ulangan dan ukuran petak 25 pohon. Petak utama adalah jenis klon batang bawah, terdiri dari 3 klon, yaitu K1 = AVROS 2037, K2 = PB 260, dan K3 = GT 1. Anak petak adalah umur batang bawah terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu U1 = 4 bulan, U2 = 5 bulan, U3 = 6 bulan, U4 = 7 bulan. Okulasi dilakukan dengan cara membuka kulit batang bawah, kemudian entres dimasukkan ke dalam jendela sayatan hasil pembukaan. Pengikatan sambungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan plastik khusus dengan cara dililitkan dari bawah ke atas. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap persentase keberhasilan okulasi hijau pada umur tiga minggu setelah okulasi (MSO). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan okulasi hijau pada tanaman karet dipengaruhi oleh umur batang bawah. Untuk Klon PB 260 dan GT 1, makin tua umur batang bawah sampai maksimum 7 bulan di polybag maka semakin meningkat persentase keberhasilan okulasi, sedangkan pada klon AVROS 2037 belum memperlihatkan perbedaan yang nyata.Kata kunci: Hevea brasiliensis, umur batang bawah, klon, keberhasilan okulasi hijauPropagation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Agr.) using brown budding need a long time in the nursery, whereas the propagation usinggreen Budding has not yet been done due to the success rate is still very low. One of the factorthat might influence the successfulness of green budding is rootstock age.. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different age of rootstock on the percentage of green budding success in three rubber clones. The experiment was conducted at the Pakuwon experimental station (ES), Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, from January-December 2013. The research was done using split plot design with three replications, and the plot size is 25 trees. The main plot was the type of clones used for rootstock that comprised of 3 clones: K1 = AVROS 2037, K2 = PB 260, and K3 = GT 1. Meanwhile, the subplots were rootstock age consists of 4 levels, namely: U1 = 4 months, U2 = 5 months, U3 = 6 months, U4 = 7 months. Observations were made on the percentage of green budding success at 3 weeks old after grafting . The results showed that the success of the green budding on the rubber plants is influenced by the age of rootstock. The use of rootstock up to 7 months old in polybag in PB 260 dan GT 1 clones would increase the percentage of grafting success, whereas AVROS 2037 clone did not show any significant different. 
Intensitas Serangan Penggerek Cabang Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pada Empat Klon Kopi Robusta Gusti Indriati; Khaerati Khaerati; Iing Sobari; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2017.p99-106

Abstract

Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is one main pest in coffee plant which damages the branches. Each Robusta coffee clones has unique genetical, physiological, and morphological characteristics, thus presumably has different resistance levels to X. Compactus. This study aimed to determine the attack intensity of X. compactus on four Robusta coffee clones (SA 237, BP 308, BP 358 and RBGN 371) in the field. The research was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station and Integrated Laboratory of the Indonesian Industrial and Beverages Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from September to Desember 2016. Three years old Robusta coffee plants of SA 237, BP 308, BP 358, and RBGN 371 clones were used, with 2.5 m x 2.5 m spacing and Gliricidia sepium, Musa paradisiaca, and Aleurites trisperma as shading plants. Variables observed were the attack symptoms in the hole, the insects stadia, the hole diameter, number and length of eggs, number and length of larvae, length and width of X. compactus imago, the attack symptoms and intensity. Moreover, sunlight intensity and water content of coffee branch was also observed as supportiing data. Data were analyzed by anova of completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments of coffee clones and 6 replications. The results showed that attack of X. compactus was occurred at the branch of coffee plant, which potentially causing crops damage. Of the four Robusta coffee clones observed showed that the highest attack intensity and number of holes occurred in SA 237 clone, and the lowest in RBGN 371 clone.
Pengaruh Mikoriza dan Pupuk NPKMg terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kopi Arabika Usman Daras; Iing Sobari; Octivia Trisilawati; Juniaty Towaha
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n2.2015.p91-98

Abstract

Mycorrhiza is a biological agent that could improve the efficiency of chemical fertilizers (inorganic) due to it can increase the availability of soil nutrients. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mycorrhiza and NPKMg fertilizers on growth and yield of coffee plants in the field. The research was carried out at KP. Pakuwon, Sukabumi, West Java, from January 2013 to November 2014. The treatments that examined in this study were 3 levels of mycorrhiza application (M0, without mycorrhizal fungi; M1, application of 200 spore/tree; and M2, application of 400 spore/tree), and 4 dosage of NPKMg fertilizers (F1, recommended dose, RD; F2, ¾ RD; F3, ½ RD, and F4, ¼ RD). The treatments were arranged in a ramdomized block design with 3 replications, and the plot size consisted of 4 coffee plants. The recommended dose of fertilizer is 140 g NPKMg/tree/years (40 g urea, 50 g SP-36, 30 g KCl, and 20 g kieserit). NPKMg fertilizers were applied two times, whereas mycorrhiza was given two months after the first application of NPKMg fertilizers. The observed parameters were vegetative characters (plant height, stem diameter, number of branch) and generative character (coffee yield) as well as the infection rates of mycorrizha on roots. The results showed that application of 400 spores of mycorrhizal fungi and 105 g NPKMg/tree/year exhibited the best growth of coffee plants until 15 months after planting (MAP). However, that combination was not significantly affected coffee production. Moreover, application of 200 and 400 spores of mycorrhizal fungi/tree combined with all dosage of NPKMg fertilizers revealed the same infection rates of mycorrizha on roots.
Efektivitas Aplikasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Arang Hayati terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Kakao Dewi Nur Rokhmah; Iing Sobari; Kurnia Dewi Sasmita
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 7, No 1 (2020): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v7n1.2020.p19-28

Abstract

Seedling is an important process in preparing cocoa plant material. The growing medium must have sufficient nutrition and physical properties to enable cocoa seeds to grow well. Arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and biological charcoal (biochar) added into growing media were expected to increase the growth of cocoa seeds. The study aimed to determine the effect of AMF and biological charcoal on the growth of cocoa seeds. The randomized complete block design (RBD) in factorial 2 factors with three replications was used in this study. The first factor was AMF application consisted of two levels, namely: M0 = without AMF and M1 = application of 10 g/seedling AMF (100 spores/seedling). The second factor was the biochar application consisted of 5 factors namely: B0 = no biochar, B1 = 2% rice husk biochar, B2 = 4% rice husk biochar, B3 = 2% albizia wood biochar, and B4 = 4% albizia wood biochar. The variables observed were the height of seedling, number of leaves and stem diameter at 3, 4, 5 and 6 month after planting (MAP), leaf chlorophyll content, weight of dry cocoa seedling, and nutrient content in seedling media. The result showed that the application of AMF significantly affected the height of seedling at 3, 4, 5 and 6 MAP. While the application of biochar significantly affected the height and number of leaves of cacao seedlings.
Formulasi Pemupukan Berimbang pada Tanaman Lada di Bangka Belitung Usman Daras; Iing Sobari; Juniaty Towaha
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n2.2012.p185-192

Abstract

Banyak faktor yang diperkirakan menjadi penyebab masih rendahnya rataan produksi lada di Bangka Belitung, termasuk pemeliharaan tanaman yang belum optimal. Dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil lada, sebagian petani telah menggunakan pupuk N, P dan K meskipun jumlah dan/komposisi unsur pupuk yang diberikan mungkin tidak sesuai dengan yang dibutuhkan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan formula dan dosis pemupukan N, P dan K untuk memperbaiki pertumbuhan dan produksi lada di Bangka Belitung. Faktor yang diuji adalah komposisi NPK, 3 macam (K1 = NPK 12:12:17; K2 = NPK 15:15:15; dan K3 = NPK 12:8:20), yang masing-masing terdiri atas 3 taraf dosis pemupukan (D1 = 1,8; D2 = 2,4; dan D3 = 3,0 kg NPK/ph/th). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan dan ukuran petak 16 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk 1,8 kg per pohon merupakan dosis pemupukan yang cukup memadai untuk budidaya tanaman lada dewasa (TM) di wilayah Bangka Belitung. Dosis pupuk tersebut, 25% lebih rendah dari anjuran umum pemupukan. Ketika komposisi NPK 12:12:17 tidak tersedia di pasaran, maka komposisi pupuk NPK 15:15:15 adalah alternatif pupuk yang dapat digunakan. Namun, dengan memperhatikan karakteristik tanaman lada dan kondisi agroklimat wilayah Bangka Belitung maka penggunaan komposisi pupuk NPK 12:8:20 dengan dosis 1,8 kg/pohon lebih dianjurkan.  Formulation of Balanced Fertilizers on Black Pepper Grown in Bangka Belitung ABSTRACT Many factors believed affect the growth and yields of black pepper in Bangka Belitung. The low productivity of black pepper in the areas is mainly attributed to imbalanced manuring, poor management practices and disease incidence. To improve yields of the crop, farmers commonly use fertilizers despite the fact that the amounts and kind of nutrients added might not meet its requirement for optimum growth. A research was established to investigate effects of fertilizer compositions and rates on growth and yields of mature black pepper grown at Bangka, from January to December 2011. Treatments examined were composition of NPK fertilizers, 3 kinds of NPK (15:15:15, 12:12:17, and 12:8:20), consisting of three rates each (1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 kg/tree). The treatments were arranged in randomized block design with 3 replicates and plot size of 16 plants. Results revealed that application of 1.8 kg/tree was likely to be an adequate amount of fertilizer rate that should be added to give comparable growth and yields in black pepper. It means that the added ferlitizers was 25 percent lower than those of the recommended one as much as 2.4 kg of NPK 12:12:17/tree/year. As the recommended fertilizer hard to be obtained in a local place recently, the use of NPK 15:15:15 may therefore be suggested for black pepper growing in Bangka Belitung. For long term purpose, the use of 1.8 kg NPK 12:8:20/tree would however be a preferably added fertilizer in relation to the characteristics of the crop and agro-climatic condition of Bangka Belitung.
Perubahan Biokimia dan Indikator Vigor Benih Kakao pada Lima Taraf Lamanya Penyimpanan Iing Sobari; Sumadi Sumadi; Santi Rosniawaty; Edi Wardiana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 7, No 3 (2020): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v7n3.2020.p163-178

Abstract

Selama masa penyimpanan, benih kakao mengalami berbagai proses yang akan berpengaruh terhadap kandungan cadangan makanannya dan akan berdampak terhadap kapasitas perkecambahan dan vigor benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan biokimia dan vigor benih kakao setelah disimpan maksimum 4 minggu dengan selang waktu 1 minggu. Percobaan dilakukan di Laboratorium Terpadu dan rumah kaca Balittri, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat, mulai bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2019. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah acak lengkap dengan lima taraf perlakuan lamanya waktu penyimpanan benih yang diulang lima kali. Kelima perlakuan tersebut yaitu:(a) benih tanpa disimpan,(b) benih disimpan 1 minggu, (c) benih disimpan 2 minggu, (d) benih disimpan 3 minggu, dan (e) benih disimpan 4 minggu. Parameter yang diamati selama penyimpanan adalah perubahan biokimia benih dan banyaknya benih yang berkecambah, sedangkan selama perkecambahan adalah indikator vigor benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan benih kakao selama 1-4 minggu menyebabkan penurunan kandungan lemak benih, sedangkan asam lemak bebas, protein, dan persentase benih berkecambah meningkat. Sampai umur 21 hari setelah semai, penyimpanan benih meningkatkan daya hantar listrik, tetapi menurunkan kecepatan tumbuh, potensi tumbuh maksimum, viabilitas, dan panjang hipokotil. Benih yang disimpan selama satu minggu masih memiliki vigor yang baik (viabilitas 80%), sedangkan benih yang disimpan selama 2-4 minggu menurun tingkat vigornya (viabilitas maksimum sekitar 54,4%).
Pengaruh Jenis Tanaman Penaung terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Persentase Tanaman Berbuah pada Kopi Arabika Varietas Kartika 1 Iing Sobari; Sakiroh Sakiroh; Eko Heri Purwanto
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n3.2012.p217-222

Abstract

Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi kopi adalah intensitas cahaya. Intensitas cahaya berhubungan dengan jenis naungan yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh berbagai jenis tanaman penaung terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kopi Arabika. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Pakuwon, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Sukabumi dari bulan Februari sampai dengan Desember 2011. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah acak lengkap dengan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah jenis pohon penaung, yaitu: (1) ceremai, (2) belimbing wuluh, (3) kayumanis, dan (4) gliricidia. Pengamatan dilakukan  terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah buku cabang primer, jumlah cabang primer, diameter batang, diameter tajuk, jarak antar cabang, dan persentase tanaman berbuah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gliricidia merupakan jenis tanaman penaung yang cocok bagi pertumbuhan dan persentase pembuahan tanaman kopi Arabika varietas Kartika 1 di KP Pakuwon.  Effect of Various of Shading Plant on Growth And Percentage Of Fruiting of Arabica Coffee Variety Kartika 1 ABSTRACT One of many factors that affects to growth and yields of coffee is light intensity. Light intensity will vary with type of shading trees used. The objective of this study was to find out a suitable shading trees for coffea growth and production . The study was carried at The Indonesian Research Institute for Industrial and Beverages Crops (IRIIBC), Sukabumi from Pebruary until December 2011. A randomized complete design with six replications was used in this study. Planting material used in this study was Arabica Coffee (var. Kartika 1) grown under 4 different shading trees tested for their suitability for coffe growing. The shading trees of coffee examined were: (1) Otaheite gooseberry, (2) Bilimbi, (3) Cassiavera, and (4) Gliricidia. Observations made were plant height, number of primary branches internodes, primary branch number, stem diameter, canopy diameter, distance between branches, and percentage of fruiting set. Result showed that Gliricidia was the most suitable of shading trees for growth and fruiting set of arabica coffea variety Kartika 1. Keywords :