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All Journal Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi JURNAL ANATOMI FISIOLOGI SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Jurnal Akademika Biologi Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal Biologi Tropika NICHE Journal of Tropical Biology Care : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan Life Science
Mochamad Hadi
Laboratorium Ekologi Dan Biosistematika, Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains Dan Matematika Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Health Professions Mathematics Nursing Public Health

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Inventarisasi Jenis Capung (Odonata) Pada Areal Persawahan Di Desa Pundenarum Kecamatan Karangawen Kabupaten Demak Rizal, Samsul; Hadi, Mochamad
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 17, No.1, Tahun 2015
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (59.045 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.17.1.16-20

Abstract

Paddy fields is one of the important ecosystem that support human life because here produced rice that is the main food to the human. Besides, paddy field ecosystem also have many diversity of insect, including dragonfly (Odonata). Dragonfly (Odonata) is one of the insect that used to be a predators to the pests in the paddy fields, such as Chilo sp and Nilaparvata lugen. The study on dragonfly was conducted in Pundenarum village, Karangawen, Demak. The objectives of this study is to identify the odonata specieses that lived in paddy field. Inventory of odonata specieses done with field by field method and direct catch using insect net. The result of this study is that 5 specieses of odonata were identified  in paddy field, i.e: Orthetrum sabina, Crocothemis servillia, Pantala flavescens, Agriocnemis femina dan Agriocnemis pygmea. The odonata specieses that identified is part of 2 family, i.e: Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae. It is also found that all species is part of the suborder Anisoptera (dragonfly) and Zygoptera (damselflies). Key word : dragonfly, Odonata, inventory, paddy field.
Metode Monitoring Resistensi Populasi Aedes aegypti Dengan Penetapan Konsentrasi Diagnostik Sari, Vicka Kusuma; Tarwotjo, Udi; Hadi, Mochamad
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 20, No 2, Tahun 2018
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (73.446 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.20.2.105-112

Abstract

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue fever disease. The most effective way to prevent dengue fever is cutting the spreading chain of dengue fever by controlling the vector with using conventional chemical insecticides. The used of insecticide intensively has became the main factor of resistance in Tembalang, then monitoring is needed to determine the change of A. aegypti susceptibility status against the insecticide. The aim of this research is to determine the sensitivity of A. aegypti population from five locations in Tembalang against pyrethroid synthetic insecticide, and to determine the validity of the diagnostic concentration as a method of monitoring resistance A. aegypti population in Tembalang. This research was conducted in Laboratory of Ecology and Biosystematics Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University Semarang. The procedure of this research were: larvae collection (A. aegypti), insect breeding test, sensitivity test including bioassay, determination of diagnostic concentration and validation. The result showed that the susceptibility level of five population was not significantly different since all populations are still susceptible, with the LC50 range between 0,0031-0,0043% and FR range between 1-1,39 (<4). The result of validation test of diagnostic concentration was 0,0038%, valid as a monitoring method of the resistance of A. aegypti population against pyrethroid synthetic insecticide in Tembalang because c2 value of the five population was lower than the c2 table (df = 1; α = 0,05) = 3,84. Keywords : A. aegypti, monitoring resistance, LC50, diagnostic concentration..
PERTANIAN ORGANIK SUATU ALTERNATIF PENGELOLAAN EKOSISTEM SAWAH YANG SEHAT, ALAMI DAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN Hadi, Mochamad; Soesilohadi, RC Hidayat; Wagiman, FX; Rahayuningsih, Yayuk
BULETIN ANATOMI DAN FISIOLOGI dh SELLULA Vol 22, No 1 (2014): Volume XXII, NOMOR 1, MARET 2014
Publisher : BULETIN ANATOMI DAN FISIOLOGI dh SELLULA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (74.784 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/baf.v22i1.7811

Abstract

Rice crops are the main food crops in Indonesia. In efforts to increase rice productivity , there are still many obstacles such as pest nuisance problem . In an effort to control pests for rice crop , farmers initially apply conventional farming systems are dependent applications of synthetic pesticides and synthetic fertilizers are made from chemicals . From time to time, conventional farming systems has led to environmental problems such as environmental pollution , resistance to pests and natural enemies of pests involved killing . Another strategy to reduce the negative impacts is the application of organic rice farming system as an environmentally friendly alternative . Organic farming systems is done by eliminating the use of chemicals in fertilizers , pesticides and other means of cultivation . The goal is to reduce environmental burden and environmental menciptalan rice ecosystems healthy , natural and productive. In organic rice farming system does not use synthetic chemicals in fertilizers and pesticides application . Fertilizer used is bio-fertilizers (organic) made ​​from manure, compost , and green manure . Pesticide used is a mixture of botanical pesticide made ​​from various parts of the plant that could potentially exist in the surrounding environment . The use of organic fertilizers and pesticides do not cause disturbance to the ecosystem fields because the ingredients used are organic materials that are environmentally friendly. Use other means such as the use of seed cultivation (seeds), water use and weed management done without synthetic chemicals .
Keragaman Serangga dan Perannya di Ekosistem Sawah (Insect Diversity and its Role in Wetland Ecosystems) Hadi, Mochamad; Aminah, Aminah
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 20 Issue 3 Year 2012
Publisher : JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA

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Abstract

Ekosistem sawah merupakan faktor penting dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan. Keanekaragaman hayati seperti jenis-jenis tanaman, hewan, dan mikroorganisme yang ada dan berinteraksi dalam suatu ekosistem sawah sangat menentukan tingkat produktivitas pertanian.  Serangga sebagai salah satu komponen ekosistem sawah memiliki peranan penting dalam jaring makanan yaitu sebagai herbivora, karnivora (predator dan parasitoid), dan detritivora. Di dalam ekosistem sawah terdapat berbagai macam jenis serangga yang hidup dan tinggal di ekosistem sawah tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji keanekaragaman serangga dan menganalisis peranan serangga yang ditemukan dalam ekosistem sawah. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan sawah di Kelurahan Pedalangan Kecamatan Tembalang Kota Semarang. Metoda penelitian menggunakan metoda perangkap sumuran (pit fall traps), perangkap lampu (light traps) dan perangkap nampan kuning (yellow tray traps). Hasil yang diperoleh nampak bahwa serangga yang didapatkan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok berdasarkan peranannya yaitu serangga herbivor, serangga predator, serangga parasitoid dan serangga detritivor. Dari semua jenis serangga yang teridentifikasi maka 49.6% diantaranya adalah serangga herbivor, 46.1% merupakan serangga predator, 3.5% merupakan serangga parasitoid dan 0.6% adalah serangga detritivor. Keanekaragaman serangga yang ditemukan di lahan sawah adalah dengan perangkap sumuran diperoleh 23 spesies dalam 14 famili dalam 8 ordo, dengan perangkap lampu diperoleh 9 spesies dalam 7 famili dari 4 ordo, dengan perangkap nampan kuning diperoleh 8 spesies dalam 6 famili dan 3  ordo. Kata kunci : keanekaragaman serangga, peranan serangga, ekosistem sawah. Rice ecosystems is an important factor in meeting food needs . Biodiversity such as the types of plants , animals , and microorganisms that exist and interact in a rice field ecosystem will determine the level of agricultural productivity . Insects as one component of rice ecosystems have an important role in the food web that is as herbivores , carnivores ( predators and parasitoids ) , and detritivora . In the rice field ecosystem there are many types of insects that live and work in the rice field ecosystem . The study aims to assess the diversity of insects and analyze the role of insects found in the rice ecosystem . The study was conducted in paddy fields in the village of Semarang District Tembalang puppetry . Research method using trap method pitting ( pit fall traps), light traps ( light traps ) and traps yellow tray ( tray yellow traps) . The results obtained it appears that the insects were divided into 4 groups based on the role that herbivor insects, insect predators , parasitoids and insect insect detritivor . Of all the types of insects identified 49.6 % of them are herbivor insect, an insect predator 46.1 % , 3.5 % is 0.6 % and the parasitoid insects are insects detritivor . Diversity of insects found in the fields is to trap the wells acquired 23 species in 14 families in 8 orders, with light traps obtained 9 species in 7 families of 4 orders, with yellow tray traps obtained 8 species in 6 families and 3 orders . Keywords : insect diversity, the role of insects, rice ecosystems.
Fauna Kalajengking (Arachnida : Scorpiones) Di Pemukiman Jatiluhur Jatingaleh Semarang The scorpion fauna ( Arachnida : Scorpiones ) in Semarang Jatingaleh Jatiluhur Settlement Hadi, Mochamad; Rohman, Arief Fatkhu
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 19 Issue 4 Year 2011
Publisher : JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1740.288 KB)

Abstract

Lingkungan urban merupakan habitat kompleks yang dikembangkan manusia dari lokasi alami atau lahan pertanian yang secara berangsur-angsur dan sepenuhnya telah mengubah kondisi alami menjadi kondisi tidak alami. Lingkungan urban dan sub-urban menyediakan habitat yang sesuai untuk sejumlah kecil fauna kalajengking. Kalajengking sebagai hewan pemangsa berperan dalam  menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem dan jaring makanan, namun demikian kontak dengan manusia menjadikan keberadaan kalajengking dalam lingkungan urban menjadi dilema tersendiri. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji keberadaan dan karekteristik habitat kalajengking di lingkungan urban di Jatiluhur, Jatingaleh, Semarang. Teknik pengamatan dilakukan dengan observasi secara langsung. Data pengamatan berupa karakteristik habiitat dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian telah ditemukan dua spesies kalajengking yaitu Chaerilus variegatus dan Isometrus maculatus. Habitat kalajengking berupa pekarangan rumah, dengan mikrohabitat bebatuan, tumpukan genteng, sisa beton bangunan.  Kata kunci : kalajengking, Chaerilus, Isometrus.  Urban environment is a complex habitat that humans developed from natural or agricultural land locations that gradually and completely has changed the natural conditions into unnatural conditions . Urban environment and sub-urban provide suitable habitat for a small number of scorpion fauna . Scorpions as predators play a role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems and food webs , however, make the existence of human contact with scorpions in the urban environment into a dilemma . The study aims to assess the existence and characteristics of scorpion habitats in urban environments in Jatiluhur , Jatingaleh , Semarang . Engineering observations were made by direct observation . Observational data in the form of descriptive characteristics described habiitat . The results have been found in two species of scorpion that is Chaerilus variegatus and Isometrus maculatus . Keywords : scorpion , Chaerilus , Isometrus
KERAGAMAN SPESIES RAYAP DI KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SEMARANG GUNUNGPATI SEMARANG Annisa, Shofi; Hestiningsih, Retno; Hadi, Mochamad
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (e-Journal) Vol 5, No 4 (2017): JULI
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat

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Abstract

Termites are cause damage to crops and buildings were made of wood. Data about the types of termites and habit living of termite is required to get prevention and control of termite, efficient and enviromentally friendly. The objective of this research was to know the species of termites on the Campus of State University Semarang Gunungpati Semarang and describes the characteristics of the termites were found. This research is descriptive type, survey methods and cross sectional approach. The population of the research was all termite species around buildings on the Campus of State University Semarang Gunungpati Semarang. A sample of termites was warrior caste which taken from a population of termites. The results were analyzed using univariate analysis method, and is represented in frequency distribution tables, diagrams, maps and narrative. The results of research has found 19 soil tunnels species of Macrotermes gilvus, 3 soil tunnels species of Odontotermes javanicus, 4 soil tunnels species of Coptotermes curvignathus and found 3 mound nest of Macrotermes gilvus, 1 mound nest of Odontotermes javanicus, 1 mound nest of Coptotermes curvignathus, and 1 nest of dry wood termite Cryptotermes cyanocephalus. Vegetation of termites found in mahogany, petai china, teak, guava, manggo, and ketapang. The concluded that on the Campus of State University Semarang Gunungpati Semarang there are 4 species of termites, Macrotermes gilvus, Odontotermes javanicus, Coptotermes curvignathus,  and Cryptotermes cyanocephalus.
Kelimpahan Dan Keragaman Serangga OPT (Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman) dan Musuh Alaminya pada Tanaman Jagung dan Padi dengan Sistem Rotasi Tanaman Ervianna, Ana Rita; Hadi, Mochamad; Rahadian, Rully
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 22, No 1, Tahun 2020
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (578.997 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.22.1.59-69

Abstract

Insects in agricultural ecosystem can play a role as pests or natural enemies. The abundance and diversity of insect pests and natural enemies are interconnected because insect pests are food for natural enemy insects. The aims of the study were to compare the abundance and diversity of pest insects and natural enemies of corn and rice plant, and to determine the similarity of pest insects and natural enemies of corn and rice plant using crop rotation systems. The sampling has performed four times i.e, in the vegetative phase of corn, generative corn, vegetative rice, and generative rice. The sampling method used sweep net method. The results showed that the number of individual pest insects and natural enemies of each growth phase of corn plants were lower than rice plants. The number of species pest insect and natural enemies of each growth phase of corn plants were lower than rice plants. In addition the diversity of pest insect of each growth phase of corn plants was higher than rice plants while the diversity of natural enemies in each growth phase of corn plants was lower than rice plants. The diversity index of pest insects and natural enemies of each growth phase in corn plants and rice plants was in the medium category. The presence of pest insects and  natural enemies in each growth phase of corn and rice plants shows the species in the two compared ecosystems were different.
Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Jenis Burung di Pusat Restorasi Mangrove Mojo Kabupaten Pemalang Tamar, Irsyad Muhammad; Baskoro, Karyadi; Hadi, Mochamad; Rahadian, Rully
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 22, No 2, Tahun 2020
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.22.2.121-129

Abstract

Mojo Mangrove is a forest area located in the tidal area and becomes a habitat for various organisms in it. Mojo mangrove forest is an ecosystem that is a place to live and breed various species of birds, because of the existence of habitat and food that supports. The location of the Mojo mangrove forest which is far from the settlement is a supporting factor which is the reason birds love the habitat. Species diversity and abundance of bird species can reflect the high biodiversity of other wildlife, meaning birds can be used as indicators of forest quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity and abundance of bird species, and determine the status of bird conservation in the Mojo Pemalang Mangrove Restoration Center. The study was conducted from February to April 2019 at the Mojo Mangrove Restoration Center in Pemalang District, using the point count method. The analysis carried out was a species abundance index, a species diversity index, a species evenness index, a similarity index, and the Hutchinson T test. There are 53 species of 27 families. The diversity of bird species is included in the medium category with an index of 1.97 - 2.85. Based on IUCN, there are 49 species of birds included in the Least concern category, 2 species included in the vulnurable that is Javan coucal (Centropus nigrorufus) and Javan myna (Acridotheres javanicus), 2 species included in the Near threatned category that is Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster) dan Javan plover (Charadrius javanicus). Based on Law No. 5 In 1990 there were 10 protected bird species.
Kemelimpahan Penggerek Batang Padi (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae dan Noctuidae) di Sawah Organik dan Anorganik Hadi, Mochamad
Life Science Vol 9 No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lifesci.v9i1.47144

Abstract

Rice stem borer is an insect pest (plant pests) that occurs throughout the year and is widespread in rice fields in Indonesia. The rice stem borer caterpillar (PBP) feeds on the growing point of the vegetative phase of the plant, causing symptoms of sundep. PBP caterpillars also eat the base of rice grains (generative phase), causing symptoms of outsides. PBP insects belong to the order Lepidoptera and the families Pyralidae and Noctuidae. Organic agriculture is considered to be more profitable than inorganic agriculture because the selling value of its products is higher, as well as because it does not use synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Research on the abundance of PBP in organic rice fields using various methods is still not widely carried out. The research objective was to assess the abundance of PBP in organic and inorganic rice fields using various methods. The research was carried out on organic and inorganic rice fields with a rice-paddy-rice cropping pattern, by installing light traps, malaise traps diagonally and using a sweep net for adult PBP and making a square plot for adult PBP and eggs. The results showed that at the egg stage 2 PBP species were found, namely Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow PBP) and Sesamia inferens (pink PBP). Whereas in the adult stage, 4 PBP species were found, namely Schirpophaga incertulas, Schirpophaga innotata (white PBP), Sesamia inferens, Chilo auricilius (shiny PBP). In general, the most dominant and abundant type of PBP was yellow PBP, while other types of PBP were found in small numbers and occasionally. Penggerek batang padi adalah serangga OPT (organisme pengganggu tanaman) yang terdapat sepanjang tahun dan menyebar luas di persawahan di Indonesia. Ulat penggerek batang padi (PBP) memakan titik tumbuh tanaman fase vegetatif sehingga menimbulkan gejala sundep. Ulat PBP juga memakan pangkal bulir padi (fase generatif) sehingga menyebabkan gejala beluk. Serangga PBP termasuk dalam ordo Lepidoptera dan familia Pyralidae dan Noctuidae. Pertanian organik dinilai lebih menguntungkan dibanding pertanian anorganik karena nilai jual produknya lebih tinggi, juga karena tidak menggunakan pupuk dan pestisida sintetik. Penelitian kemelimpahan PBP di sawah organik dengan berbagai metode masih belum banyak dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji kemelimpahan PBP di sawah organik dan anorganik dengan menggunakan berbagai metode. Penelitian dilakukan pada sawah organik dan anorganik dengan pola tanam padi-padi-padi, dengan memasang light trap, Malaise trap secara diagonal dan menggunakan sweep net untuk PBP dewasa serta membuat plot kuadrat untuk PBP dewasa dan telur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada stadia telur ditemukan 2 spesies PBP yaitu Scirpophaga incertulas (PBP kuning) dan Sesamia inferens (PBP merah jambu). Sedangkan pada stadia dewasa ditemukan 4 spesies PBP yaitu Schirpophaga incertulas, Schirpophaga innotata (PBP putih) , Sesamia inferens, Chilo auricilius (PBP berkilat). Secara umum jenis PBP yang paling dominan dan melimpah adalah PBP kuning, sedangkan jenis PBP yang lain, dijumpai dalam jumlah yang sedikit dan kadang-kadang
Tingkat Kesamaan Mikroarthropoda Tanah di Ekosistem Lahan Pertanian Organik dan Anorganik Mochamad Hadi
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 9 No. 1 Januari 2020
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Mikroartropoda tanah bersama artropoda tanah lainnya mempunyai peran penting dalam proses dekomposisi material organik di dalam tanah. Lahan pertanian memiliki kandungan bahan organik yang cukup melimpah karena selalu ada penambahan pupuk sebagai sumber energi dan sebagai sarana produksi pertanian. Penelitian dilakukan di ekosistem lahan pertanian organik dan anorganik Desa Batur, Kecamatan Getasan, Kota Salatiga. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji kelimpahan, kepadatan, dan tingkat kesamaan mikroartropoda tanah di ekosistem lahan pertanian organik dan anorganik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode pengambilan cuplikan tanah dan ekstraksi dengan Barlese Tulgren Funnel Extractor. Kelimpahan tertinggi mikroartropoda di ekosistem lahan pertanian organik adalah taksa Carabidae (26,55%) dan Prostigmata (13,27%), sedangkan di lahan pertanian anorganik kelimpahan tertinggi adalah taksa Carabidae (17,24%) dan larva Coleoptera (13,79%). Kepadatan mikroartropoda di ekosistem lahan pertanian organik adalah 2260 individu/m2 , lebih tinggi daripada di lahan pertanian anorganik yaitu 1160 individu/m2 . Kekayaan taksa mikroartropoda tanah di lahan pertaian organik adalah 28 taksa, sedikit lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan kekayaan taksa mikroartropoda lahan pertanian anorganik, yaitu 23 taksa. Tingkat kesamaan taksa mikroartropoda tanah antara lahan pertanian organik dan laham pertanian anorganik dalam tingkatan sedang (kurang dari 60%) yaitu 47,06%. Mikroartropoda tanah di ekosistem lahan pertanian organik dan lahan pertanian anorganik relatif cukup sama.
Co-Authors Adhi, Siska Lesiana Alamsyah Elang Nusa Herlambang, Alamsyah Elang Nusa Amelinda, Elda Dheiva Aminah Aminah AMIR HAMIDY Anak Agung Gede Sugianthara Anggi Aprilia Budi Prasetiani Annisa, Shofi Arief Fatkhu Rohman Atik Munarsih, Atik Dewi Ayu Maryati Dian Ratna Sari Dwiyani Anjar Martitik Ervianna, Ana Rita Fitri Nur Indah Sari FX Wagiman Husna, Shifa Aulia Irawan, Frendi Jafron Wasiq Hidayat Karyadi Baskoro Latifah Fitria Andriani Martini Martini Moch Ali Utomo Mohamad Faiz Mubarok, Rizal Husni Muhammad Abu Naim Muhammad Abu Naim Nasik, Isman Noora Lailatul Husna Nugroho, Nindya Putra Wahyu Pragati Wira Anggini Putra, Ivan Mahadika Putra, M. Fadhil Randa R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi Retno Hestiningsih Riyanto, Awal Roma Witriyanto, Roma Romario Dion Rully Rahadian Rully Rahadian Rully Rahadian Sari, Vicka Kusuma Setiyadi, Didi Tamar, Irsyad Muhammad Tia Erfianti Udi Tarwotjo, Udi Wiatri Larasati Wiatri Larasati, Wiatri Widya Zeki Ravelia Wijanarka Wijanarka Wiradarma, Huda Yayuk Rahayuningsih Yayuk Rahayuningsih Soehardjono, Yayuk Rahayuningsih