Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2020 - 2025
0
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal Jurnal Hortikultura
- Hanudin
Unknown Affiliation
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Published : 10 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 10 Documents
Search

 1 
Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Subang Gladiol dengan Pengasapan dan Biopestisida Nuryani, Wakiah; Yusuf, Silfia; Djatnika, Ika; Hanudin, -; Marwoto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 1 (2011): Maret 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Gladiol (Gladiolus hybridus L.) merupakan komoditas tanaman hias yang mempunyai prospek pengembangan yang cukup cerah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri maupun ekspor. Salah satu penyakit utama yang menyerang tanaman tersebut ialah layu yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli. Di Indonesia, kehilangan  hasil akibat serangan patogen tersebut hampir mencapai 100%. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengendalikan F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli serta mendorong pertumbuhan tunas subang gladiol melalui  pengasapan dan aplikasi biopestisida. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias Segunung (1.100 m dpl.) dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2009. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan  sembilan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  pengasapan dari hasil pembakaran tempurung kelapa yang ditambah dengan Prima BAPF dapat merangsang pertumbuhan tunas pada subang gladiol, tetapi tidak mampu menekan jumlah subang terinfeksi dan intensitas penyakit busuk Fusarium di gudang penyimpanan. Untuk percobaan yang dilakukan di lapangan, perlakuan gabungan antara pengasapan dari hasil pembakaran tempurung kelapa yang ditambah dengan belerang dan Prima BAPF merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu Fusarium. Aplikasi perlakuan tersebut  menurunkan jumlah tanaman layu, menurunkan nilai AUDPC  perlakuan, dan dapat meningkatkan produksi  bunga gladiol. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat diadopsi oleh petani guna mengendalikan F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli secara luas.Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L) is one of the most economically important cut flowers in Indonesia.  The crops is commonly cultivated in the highland. Cultivations of the crops in the production centers have faced various problems especially wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp. gladioli  as the most important one. Based on the field observations, it was known that the disease can reduce plant production and its yield quality up to 100%. The experiment was aimed to determine the effect of fumigation by using smoke produced by burned up coconut shell and biopesticide  on gladioulus bud growth and fusarial wilt  incidence. The expereiment was carried out at the Laboratory, Glasshouse and the field of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (1,100 m asl.)  since January to December 2009.  A randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications was used.  The results  indicated that fumigation by using smoke of  burned up coconut shell combined with biopesticide Prima BAPF stimulated gladiolus bud growth, but did not suppress infection of the bulb and fusarial disease intensity at the storage.  Base on the field trial, fumigation by smoke of burned up coconut shell combined with sulphur and Prima BAPF was proven to be the best treatment. Application of the treatment significantly reduced disease intensity, AUDPC value, and increased flower production. This research result is expected to be adopted by farmers in order to widely control the F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli.
Biopestisida Organik Berbahan Aktif Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas fluorescens untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Anyelir Hanudin, -; Nuryani, Waqiah; Yusuf, Evi Silvia; Marwoto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 2 (2011): JUNI 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Anyelir (Dianthus caryophillus  L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman hias yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Penyakit utama yang menyerang tanaman ini ialah layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi tanaman sekitar 20-60%.  Pengendalian yang selama ini dilakukan oleh petani bertumpu pada penggunaan  pestisida kimia sintetik. Namun penggunaan bahan kimia tersebut tidak mampu mengeradikasi patogen secara sempurna, terutama pada lapisan tanah yang agak dalam. Salah satu cara pengendalian berwawasan lingkungan ialah menggunakan musuh alami.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (1.100 m dpl.), sejak Mei sampai Desember 2009. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas  fluorescens yang diformulasi dalam bentuk biopestisida organik cair dalam pengendalian layu Fusarium pada tanaman anyelir. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak  kelompok dengan 10 perlakuan, yaitu 10% ekstrak kascing + 10% molase + B. subtilils + P. fluarescens (BP) dan 10% ekstrak pupuk kandang kuda + 10% molase + BP masing-masing konsentrasi 0,1, 0,3, 0,5, dan 0,7%, dazomet 0,2%, serta kontrol (air ledeng), dengan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi bakteri antagonis setelah dilakukan proses fermentasi selama 3 minggu,  meningkat dibandingkan sebelum fermentasi.  Rerata populasi awal sebelum fermentasi bakteri antagonis  107-109 cfu/ml meningkat menjadi 1010-1012 cfu/ml pada 3 minggu setelah fermentasi. Populasi kedua agens biokontrol tersebut setelah penyimpanan selama 2 bulan cenderung stabil berkisar antara 1010-1011 cfu/ml.  Perlakuan B. subtilis dan P. fluorescens  yang disuspensikan ke dalam ekstrak kascing + molase pada taraf konsentrasi 0,5% kemudian difermentasikan dalam biofermentor selama 3 minggu secara konsisten dapat menekan serangan F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi pada anyelir. Implikasi hasil penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan daya saing komoditas tanaman hias melalui pemanfaatan sumber daya alam nasional secara optimal berkelanjutan untuk mendukung industri tanaman hias yang berdaya saing tinggi.Carnation (Dianthus caryophillus  L.) is one of the most economically important cut flowers in Indonesia. The crops is commonly cultivated in the highland areas of the country. Cultivations of the crops in the production center areas have faced various problems, especially wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp. dianthi as the most important one. Based on the field observation it is known that the disease could reduce plant production and its yield quality up to 20-60%. To control the disease, farmers usually use a synthetic chemical pesticides.  However the control measures are not sufficiently effective to overcome the diseases problems.  Therefore, an alternative control measures which are more environmentally friendly is necessary. The use of biocontrol agents is nowdays bring popular to be recommended to  control the disease.  A study on the control of fusarial wilt disease on carnation was carried out  in the Laboratory and Glasshouse of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (1,100 m asl.) from May to December 2009, using Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas  fluorescens  formulated in the liquid organic pesticide.  The study was arranged in a randomized block design, with 10 treatments i.e. 10% vermi compost + 10% molase + BP and 10% horse manure + 10% molase + BP consentration 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7% resfectively, dazomet 0,2% and control with four replications. The results showed that population of antagonistic bacterial was increased from  107-109  to 1010-1012 cfu/ml  after 3 weeks fermentation in the organic carrier.  The population of two antagonistic bacteria  was likely stable on 1010-1011 cfu/ml after storing 2 months. The treatments of B. subtilis and P.  fluorescens suspended in the vermi compost extract and molases on the concentration level of  0.5% and formulated in the biofermentor for 3 weeks  were consistenly effective in reducing Fusarium wilt on carnation. The implication of research results could be increase commodity competitive ability of ornamental plants by using national nature resource on a continuity for support the ornamental plants industry with high competitiveness.
Perbandingan Teknik Inokulasi Puccinia horiana dan Seleksi Bakteri Antagonis untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Karat Putih pada Krisan Hanudin, -; Nuryani, Waqiah; Yusuf, Evi Silvia; Djatnika, Ika; Soedarjo, Muchdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 2 (2011): JUNI 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Penyakit karat pada krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora) yang disebabkan oleh Puccinia horiana, merupakan kendala utama dalam budidaya krisan.  Kehilangan hasil krisan oleh patogen tersebut dapat mencapai 100%. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mendapatkan teknik inokulasi P. horiana yang efektif menimbulkan gejala penyakit dan (2) mendapatkan bakteri antagonis yang secara efektif dapat mengendalikan penyakit karat putih pada tanaman krisan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (1.100 m dpl.) sejak Juni sampai  dengan Desember 2009. Penelitian terdiri dari dua kegiatan. Rancangan yang digunakan pada masing-masing kegiatan ialah acak kelompok dengan 11 perlakuan yaitu pustul karat direndam dalam air, pustul karat pecah direndam dalam air, pustul karat direndam dalam air disimpan 10oC 12 jam, pustul karat pecah direndam dalam air10oC 12 jam, pustul ditempel di atas daun, pustul pecah ditempel di atas daun, pustul ditempel di bawah daun, pustul pecah ditempel dibawah daun, tanaman plus pustul disimpan di samping tanaman uji disungkup, tanaman pustul pecah disimpan di samping tanaman uji disungkup, dan kontrol dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode inokulasi P. horiana  isolat yang paling efektif menimbulkan gejala penyakit karat putih pada krisan ialah perlakuan peletakan tanaman yang terinfeksi P. horiana  dengan pustul yang belum maupun telah pecah di samping tanaman sehat.  Dari hasil uji antagonistik diketahui bahwa isolat bakteri antagonis Corynebacterium-2, merupakan isolat yang paling efektif mengendalikan P. horiana. Kemangkusan bakteri antagonis tersebut dalam menekan P. horiana sebanding dengan fungisida sintetik berbahan aktif azoksistrobin 0,1%. Isolat Corynebacterium-2 berpotensi untuk digunakan lebih lanjut sebagai bahan aktif biopestisida yang efektif untuk mengendalikan penyakit karat putih pada krisan. Pegembangan biopestisida tersebut diharapkan dapat menekan penggunaan pestisida sintetik.White rust disease caused by P. horiana is one of the serious problems on chrysanthemum cultivation. The pathogen causes yield losses  up to 100%. The research was aimed (1) to determine the effective inoculation technique and (2) to select antagonistic bacteria  for effectively controlling the pathogen. The research was carried out  in the Laboratory and  Glasshouse of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (IOCRI), from June to December 2009.  The research consisted of two experiments. Each experiments was arranged in a randomized completely block design with 11 treatments i.e. rust pustuls dipped in water, mature rust pustuls dipped in water, rust pustuls dipped in water and stored at 10oC during 12 hours, mature rust pustuls dipped in water and stored at 10oC during 12 hours, pustuls adhered on the leaf, mature pustuls adhered on the leaf, pustuls adhered beneath the leaf, mature rust pustuls adhered beneath the leaf, the plant + pustuls stored beside tested plants covered by transparent plastic, mature pustuls plants stored beside tested plants covered by transparent plastic, and control with three replications. The results indicated that the most effective inoculation technique for the pathogen was locating and infected plant with immature or mature pustuls  surounding  a healthy plant. The effective antagonistic bacteria against the pathogen was Corynebacterium-2. The effectiveness of  the antagonistic bacteria in suppressing P. horiana  was equivalent to synthetic fungicide  azoksistrobin 0.1%. The Corynebacterium-2 isolate will be potentially used as an active ingredient of biopesticide for controlling white rust disease on chrysanthemum. The development of the biopesticide is expected to decrease to utilization of synthetic pesticides.
Pengendalian Layu Fusarium Menggunakan Mikrobe Antagonis dan Tanaman Resisten pada Lili Nuryani, Wakiah; Yusuf, Evi Silfia; Hanudin, -; Djatnika, Ika; Marwoto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DESEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Lili merupakan tanaman hias penting dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Budidaya lili di Indonesia menghadapi kendala utama yaitu penyakit layu Fusarium. Aplikasi bahan kimia sintetik untuk mengendalikan penyakit ini berdampak negatif terhadap kerusakan lingkungan. Aplikasi organisme antagonis dan kultivar resisten merupakan alternatif pengendalian penyakit ramah lingkungan, berdampak positif terhadap kelestariannya, dan meningkatkan produktivitas lili. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mikrobe antagonis, mikrobe nonpatogenik, dan klon lili yang dapat menekan penyakit  layu Fusarium. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biokontrol dan Rumah Sere, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2007. Tata letak percobaan disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial denga tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah klon lili yang terdiri dari klon No.1, No 2, No.3 (tahan), dan No.4 (rentan). Faktor kedua ialah perlakuan mikrobe antagonis (1) Gliocladium sp. 107 spora/ml, (2). Trichoderma sp. 107 sel/ml, (3) Fusarium a virulen 107 spora/ml dan, (4) kontrol (tanpa mikrobe antagonis). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan mikrobe antagonis Gliocladium sp. dan klon resisten paling efektif mengendalikan penyakit busuk umbi Fusarium pada lili. Hal ini dibuktikan dari persentase tanaman layu pada perlakuan aplikasi mikrobe dan penggunaan tanaman resistant dibandingkan dengan tanpa perlakuan. Penanaman tanaman resisten diikuti dengan aplikasi Gliocladium paling efektif menekan layu Fusarium dibanding perlakuan lainnya.Lilium is one of  the most important and the heigest economic value of cut flower in Indonesia. Cultivation of Lilium faces major constrain, that is wilt disease caused by Fusarium. Application of synthetic chemicals to control the diseases is not recommended, because its impact is dangerous for environment and human life. Therefore other control measures that are move environmentally friendly and more effective/efficient have to applied. The use of antagonistic microbes and resistance varieties are the most promising control measures to be recommended in the field. The study was aimed to find out of antagonist and nonpathogenic microbes and plant resistant that were effective to control Fusarium bulb rot on lili.  The experiment was conducted at Laboratory and Glasshouse of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (1,100 m asl.) on January to December 2007. Factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was Lilium clones i.e. No.1, No. 2, No. 3 (resistant), and No. 4 (susceptible clone as control). The second factor was antagonism microbes i.e. (1) Gliocladium sp. 107 spora/ml, (2). 107 Trichoderma sp. cel/ml, (3) Fusarium nonpathogenic 107 spora/ml, and (4) control (tap water without antagonist microbe). The results indicated that the use of Gliocladium sp. and resistant clone of Lilium i.e. clone No.3 was effective to control Fusarium bulb rot of Lilium. This proven from lower percentage of disease occurance on the treatment of antagonistics microbes and resistance varieties compared both to those of without treatment (control). The use of resistance plant followed by application of Gliocladium was known to be most effective to control fusarial wilt disease compared to the other treatment combinations.   
Skrining Kemangkusan Mikroba Antagonis terhadap Penyakit pada Tanaman Krisan Suhardi, -; Hanudin, -; Handayati, W; Saepulloh, Asep
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 2 (2007): Juni 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Penelitian untuk mengetahui efikasi agens hayati terhadap penyakit pada tanaman krisan telah dilakukan di rumah kaca dan di lapangan. Sebanyak 20 isolat bakteri telah diuji efektivitasnya dengan cara disemprotkan dengan konsentrasi 108 cfu/ml merata seluruh tanaman. Evaluasi terhadap intensitas penyakit dilakukan pada saat panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di rumah kaca penyakit hawar daun kurang bisa berkembang, namun penyakit yang bukan merupakan target berkembang cukup berarti, yaitu penyakit layu fusarium dan embun tepung (Oidium sp). Di lapangan selain Pseudomonas cichorii dijumpai penyakit karat putih yang disebabkan oleh Puccinia horiana, dan penyakit busuk basah yang disebabkan oleh Erwinia sp.. Pseudomonas fluorescens isolat Pf 2 dan Pf 4A, serta Bacillus subtilis isolat Ba 13, Ba 16, dan Ba 17 efektif menekan intensitas penyakit hawar daun. Pseudomonas fluorescens isolat Pf 2, Pf 4A, dan Pf 16 efektif terhadap penyakit karat putih. Semua isolat yang diuji tidak efektif terhadap penyakit busuk basah dan penyakit layu fusarium. Pseudomonas fluorescens isolat Pf 2, MR 9, dan B. subtilis isolat Ba 9 efektif terhadap embun tepung di rumah kaca.Bacillus subtilis; Agens hayati; Pengendalian biologi.ABSTRACT. Suhardi, Hanudin, W. Handayati, and A. Saepulloh. 2007. Screening of the Efficacy of Biological Agents Against Pseudomonas cichorii and Other Diseases of Chrysanthemum. Research to know the efficacy of biological agents to control the diseases on chrysanthemum were done in a glasshouse and field. As many as 20 bacterial isolates were tested by spraying bacterial cells at 108 cfu/ml until run off. Evaluation was done at the harvest time in relation to disease intensity. Results indicates that leaf blight did not develop in the glasshouse, but other diseases such as fusarium wilt and powdery mildew progressed significantly. In the field, besides leaf blight, other diseases were found i.e. white rust caused by Puccinia horiana and soft rot caused by Erwinia sp.. Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate Pf 2 and Pf 4A, Bacillus subtilis isolate Ba 13, Ba 16, and Ba 17 were effectively suppressed blight intensity. Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate Pf 2, Pf 4A, and Pf 16 were effective to white rust. All isolates were not effective against soft rot. Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate Pf 2 and MR 9 and B. subtilis isolate Ba 9 were effective in controlling powdery mildew on chrysanthemum in glasshouse.
Perbandingan Teknik Inokulasi Puccinia horiana dan Seleksi Bakteri Antagonis untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Karat Putih pada Krisan Hanudin, -; Nuryani, Waqiah; Yusuf, Evi Silvia; Djatnika, Ika; Soedarjo, Muchdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 2 (2011): JUNI 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v21n2.2011.p173-184

Abstract

Penyakit karat pada krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora) yang disebabkan oleh Puccinia horiana, merupakan kendala utama dalam budidaya krisan.  Kehilangan hasil krisan oleh patogen tersebut dapat mencapai 100%. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mendapatkan teknik inokulasi P. horiana yang efektif menimbulkan gejala penyakit dan (2) mendapatkan bakteri antagonis yang secara efektif dapat mengendalikan penyakit karat putih pada tanaman krisan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (1.100 m dpl.) sejak Juni sampai  dengan Desember 2009. Penelitian terdiri dari dua kegiatan. Rancangan yang digunakan pada masing-masing kegiatan ialah acak kelompok dengan 11 perlakuan yaitu pustul karat direndam dalam air, pustul karat pecah direndam dalam air, pustul karat direndam dalam air disimpan 10oC 12 jam, pustul karat pecah direndam dalam air10oC 12 jam, pustul ditempel di atas daun, pustul pecah ditempel di atas daun, pustul ditempel di bawah daun, pustul pecah ditempel dibawah daun, tanaman plus pustul disimpan di samping tanaman uji disungkup, tanaman pustul pecah disimpan di samping tanaman uji disungkup, dan kontrol dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode inokulasi P. horiana  isolat yang paling efektif menimbulkan gejala penyakit karat putih pada krisan ialah perlakuan peletakan tanaman yang terinfeksi P. horiana  dengan pustul yang belum maupun telah pecah di samping tanaman sehat.  Dari hasil uji antagonistik diketahui bahwa isolat bakteri antagonis Corynebacterium-2, merupakan isolat yang paling efektif mengendalikan P. horiana. Kemangkusan bakteri antagonis tersebut dalam menekan P. horiana sebanding dengan fungisida sintetik berbahan aktif azoksistrobin 0,1%. Isolat Corynebacterium-2 berpotensi untuk digunakan lebih lanjut sebagai bahan aktif biopestisida yang efektif untuk mengendalikan penyakit karat putih pada krisan. Pegembangan biopestisida tersebut diharapkan dapat menekan penggunaan pestisida sintetik.White rust disease caused by P. horiana is one of the serious problems on chrysanthemum cultivation. The pathogen causes yield losses  up to 100%. The research was aimed (1) to determine the effective inoculation technique and (2) to select antagonistic bacteria  for effectively controlling the pathogen. The research was carried out  in the Laboratory and  Glasshouse of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (IOCRI), from June to December 2009.  The research consisted of two experiments. Each experiments was arranged in a randomized completely block design with 11 treatments i.e. rust pustuls dipped in water, mature rust pustuls dipped in water, rust pustuls dipped in water and stored at 10oC during 12 hours, mature rust pustuls dipped in water and stored at 10oC during 12 hours, pustuls adhered on the leaf, mature pustuls adhered on the leaf, pustuls adhered beneath the leaf, mature rust pustuls adhered beneath the leaf, the plant + pustuls stored beside tested plants covered by transparent plastic, mature pustuls plants stored beside tested plants covered by transparent plastic, and control with three replications. The results indicated that the most effective inoculation technique for the pathogen was locating and infected plant with immature or mature pustuls  surounding  a healthy plant. The effective antagonistic bacteria against the pathogen was Corynebacterium-2. The effectiveness of  the antagonistic bacteria in suppressing P. horiana  was equivalent to synthetic fungicide  azoksistrobin 0.1%. The Corynebacterium-2 isolate will be potentially used as an active ingredient of biopesticide for controlling white rust disease on chrysanthemum. The development of the biopesticide is expected to decrease to utilization of synthetic pesticides.
Biopestisida Organik Berbahan Aktif Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas fluorescens untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Anyelir - Hanudin; Waqiah Nuryani; Evi Silvia Yusuf; Budi Marwoto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 2 (2011): JUNI 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v21n2.2011.p152-163

Abstract

Anyelir (Dianthus caryophillus  L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman hias yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Penyakit utama yang menyerang tanaman ini ialah layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi tanaman sekitar 20-60%.  Pengendalian yang selama ini dilakukan oleh petani bertumpu pada penggunaan  pestisida kimia sintetik. Namun penggunaan bahan kimia tersebut tidak mampu mengeradikasi patogen secara sempurna, terutama pada lapisan tanah yang agak dalam. Salah satu cara pengendalian berwawasan lingkungan ialah menggunakan musuh alami.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (1.100 m dpl.), sejak Mei sampai Desember 2009. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas  fluorescens yang diformulasi dalam bentuk biopestisida organik cair dalam pengendalian layu Fusarium pada tanaman anyelir. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak  kelompok dengan 10 perlakuan, yaitu 10% ekstrak kascing + 10% molase + B. subtilils + P. fluarescens (BP) dan 10% ekstrak pupuk kandang kuda + 10% molase + BP masing-masing konsentrasi 0,1, 0,3, 0,5, dan 0,7%, dazomet 0,2%, serta kontrol (air ledeng), dengan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi bakteri antagonis setelah dilakukan proses fermentasi selama 3 minggu,  meningkat dibandingkan sebelum fermentasi.  Rerata populasi awal sebelum fermentasi bakteri antagonis  107-109 cfu/ml meningkat menjadi 1010-1012 cfu/ml pada 3 minggu setelah fermentasi. Populasi kedua agens biokontrol tersebut setelah penyimpanan selama 2 bulan cenderung stabil berkisar antara 1010-1011 cfu/ml.  Perlakuan B. subtilis dan P. fluorescens  yang disuspensikan ke dalam ekstrak kascing + molase pada taraf konsentrasi 0,5% kemudian difermentasikan dalam biofermentor selama 3 minggu secara konsisten dapat menekan serangan F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi pada anyelir. Implikasi hasil penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan daya saing komoditas tanaman hias melalui pemanfaatan sumber daya alam nasional secara optimal berkelanjutan untuk mendukung industri tanaman hias yang berdaya saing tinggi.Carnation (Dianthus caryophillus  L.) is one of the most economically important cut flowers in Indonesia. The crops is commonly cultivated in the highland areas of the country. Cultivations of the crops in the production center areas have faced various problems, especially wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp. dianthi as the most important one. Based on the field observation it is known that the disease could reduce plant production and its yield quality up to 20-60%. To control the disease, farmers usually use a synthetic chemical pesticides.  However the control measures are not sufficiently effective to overcome the diseases problems.  Therefore, an alternative control measures which are more environmentally friendly is necessary. The use of biocontrol agents is nowdays bring popular to be recommended to  control the disease.  A study on the control of fusarial wilt disease on carnation was carried out  in the Laboratory and Glasshouse of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (1,100 m asl.) from May to December 2009, using Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas  fluorescens  formulated in the liquid organic pesticide.  The study was arranged in a randomized block design, with 10 treatments i.e. 10% vermi compost + 10% molase + BP and 10% horse manure + 10% molase + BP consentration 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7% resfectively, dazomet 0,2% and control with four replications. The results showed that population of antagonistic bacterial was increased from  107-109  to 1010-1012 cfu/ml  after 3 weeks fermentation in the organic carrier.  The population of two antagonistic bacteria  was likely stable on 1010-1011 cfu/ml after storing 2 months. The treatments of B. subtilis and P.  fluorescens suspended in the vermi compost extract and molases on the concentration level of  0.5% and formulated in the biofermentor for 3 weeks  were consistenly effective in reducing Fusarium wilt on carnation. The implication of research results could be increase commodity competitive ability of ornamental plants by using national nature resource on a continuity for support the ornamental plants industry with high competitiveness.
Skrining Kemangkusan Mikroba Antagonis terhadap Penyakit pada Tanaman Krisan - Suhardi; - Hanudin; W Handayati; Asep Saepulloh
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 2 (2007): Juni 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v17n2.2007.p%p

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Penelitian untuk mengetahui efikasi agens hayati terhadap penyakit pada tanaman krisan telah dilakukan di rumah kaca dan di lapangan. Sebanyak 20 isolat bakteri telah diuji efektivitasnya dengan cara disemprotkan dengan konsentrasi 108 cfu/ml merata seluruh tanaman. Evaluasi terhadap intensitas penyakit dilakukan pada saat panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di rumah kaca penyakit hawar daun kurang bisa berkembang, namun penyakit yang bukan merupakan target berkembang cukup berarti, yaitu penyakit layu fusarium dan embun tepung (Oidium sp). Di lapangan selain Pseudomonas cichorii dijumpai penyakit karat putih yang disebabkan oleh Puccinia horiana, dan penyakit busuk basah yang disebabkan oleh Erwinia sp.. Pseudomonas fluorescens isolat Pf 2 dan Pf 4A, serta Bacillus subtilis isolat Ba 13, Ba 16, dan Ba 17 efektif menekan intensitas penyakit hawar daun. Pseudomonas fluorescens isolat Pf 2, Pf 4A, dan Pf 16 efektif terhadap penyakit karat putih. Semua isolat yang diuji tidak efektif terhadap penyakit busuk basah dan penyakit layu fusarium. Pseudomonas fluorescens isolat Pf 2, MR 9, dan B. subtilis isolat Ba 9 efektif terhadap embun tepung di rumah kaca.Bacillus subtilis; Agens hayati; Pengendalian biologi.ABSTRACT. Suhardi, Hanudin, W. Handayati, and A. Saepulloh. 2007. Screening of the Efficacy of Biological Agents Against Pseudomonas cichorii and Other Diseases of Chrysanthemum. Research to know the efficacy of biological agents to control the diseases on chrysanthemum were done in a glasshouse and field. As many as 20 bacterial isolates were tested by spraying bacterial cells at 108 cfu/ml until run off. Evaluation was done at the harvest time in relation to disease intensity. Results indicates that leaf blight did not develop in the glasshouse, but other diseases such as fusarium wilt and powdery mildew progressed significantly. In the field, besides leaf blight, other diseases were found i.e. white rust caused by Puccinia horiana and soft rot caused by Erwinia sp.. Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate Pf 2 and Pf 4A, Bacillus subtilis isolate Ba 13, Ba 16, and Ba 17 were effectively suppressed blight intensity. Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate Pf 2, Pf 4A, and Pf 16 were effective to white rust. All isolates were not effective against soft rot. Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate Pf 2 and MR 9 and B. subtilis isolate Ba 9 were effective in controlling powdery mildew on chrysanthemum in glasshouse.
Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Subang Gladiol dengan Pengasapan dan Biopestisida Wakiah Nuryani; Silfia Yusuf; Ika Djatnika; - Hanudin; Budi Marwoto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 1 (2011): Maret 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v21n1.2011.p40-50

Abstract

Gladiol (Gladiolus hybridus L.) merupakan komoditas tanaman hias yang mempunyai prospek pengembangan yang cukup cerah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri maupun ekspor. Salah satu penyakit utama yang menyerang tanaman tersebut ialah layu yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli. Di Indonesia, kehilangan  hasil akibat serangan patogen tersebut hampir mencapai 100%. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengendalikan F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli serta mendorong pertumbuhan tunas subang gladiol melalui  pengasapan dan aplikasi biopestisida. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias Segunung (1.100 m dpl.) dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2009. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan  sembilan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  pengasapan dari hasil pembakaran tempurung kelapa yang ditambah dengan Prima BAPF dapat merangsang pertumbuhan tunas pada subang gladiol, tetapi tidak mampu menekan jumlah subang terinfeksi dan intensitas penyakit busuk Fusarium di gudang penyimpanan. Untuk percobaan yang dilakukan di lapangan, perlakuan gabungan antara pengasapan dari hasil pembakaran tempurung kelapa yang ditambah dengan belerang dan Prima BAPF merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu Fusarium. Aplikasi perlakuan tersebut  menurunkan jumlah tanaman layu, menurunkan nilai AUDPC  perlakuan, dan dapat meningkatkan produksi  bunga gladiol. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat diadopsi oleh petani guna mengendalikan F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli secara luas.Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L) is one of the most economically important cut flowers in Indonesia.  The crops is commonly cultivated in the highland. Cultivations of the crops in the production centers have faced various problems especially wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp. gladioli  as the most important one. Based on the field observations, it was known that the disease can reduce plant production and its yield quality up to 100%. The experiment was aimed to determine the effect of fumigation by using smoke produced by burned up coconut shell and biopesticide  on gladioulus bud growth and fusarial wilt  incidence. The expereiment was carried out at the Laboratory, Glasshouse and the field of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (1,100 m asl.)  since January to December 2009.  A randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications was used.  The results  indicated that fumigation by using smoke of  burned up coconut shell combined with biopesticide Prima BAPF stimulated gladiolus bud growth, but did not suppress infection of the bulb and fusarial disease intensity at the storage.  Base on the field trial, fumigation by smoke of burned up coconut shell combined with sulphur and Prima BAPF was proven to be the best treatment. Application of the treatment significantly reduced disease intensity, AUDPC value, and increased flower production. This research result is expected to be adopted by farmers in order to widely control the F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli.
Pengendalian Layu Fusarium Menggunakan Mikrobe Antagonis dan Tanaman Resisten pada Lili Wakiah Nuryani; Evi Silfia Yusuf; - Hanudin; Ika Djatnika; Budi Marwoto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DESEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v21n4.2011.p338-343

Abstract

Lili merupakan tanaman hias penting dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Budidaya lili di Indonesia menghadapi kendala utama yaitu penyakit layu Fusarium. Aplikasi bahan kimia sintetik untuk mengendalikan penyakit ini berdampak negatif terhadap kerusakan lingkungan. Aplikasi organisme antagonis dan kultivar resisten merupakan alternatif pengendalian penyakit ramah lingkungan, berdampak positif terhadap kelestariannya, dan meningkatkan produktivitas lili. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mikrobe antagonis, mikrobe nonpatogenik, dan klon lili yang dapat menekan penyakit  layu Fusarium. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biokontrol dan Rumah Sere, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2007. Tata letak percobaan disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial denga tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah klon lili yang terdiri dari klon No.1, No 2, No.3 (tahan), dan No.4 (rentan). Faktor kedua ialah perlakuan mikrobe antagonis (1) Gliocladium sp. 107 spora/ml, (2). Trichoderma sp. 107 sel/ml, (3) Fusarium a virulen 107 spora/ml dan, (4) kontrol (tanpa mikrobe antagonis). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan mikrobe antagonis Gliocladium sp. dan klon resisten paling efektif mengendalikan penyakit busuk umbi Fusarium pada lili. Hal ini dibuktikan dari persentase tanaman layu pada perlakuan aplikasi mikrobe dan penggunaan tanaman resistant dibandingkan dengan tanpa perlakuan. Penanaman tanaman resisten diikuti dengan aplikasi Gliocladium paling efektif menekan layu Fusarium dibanding perlakuan lainnya.Lilium is one of  the most important and the heigest economic value of cut flower in Indonesia. Cultivation of Lilium faces major constrain, that is wilt disease caused by Fusarium. Application of synthetic chemicals to control the diseases is not recommended, because its impact is dangerous for environment and human life. Therefore other control measures that are move environmentally friendly and more effective/efficient have to applied. The use of antagonistic microbes and resistance varieties are the most promising control measures to be recommended in the field. The study was aimed to find out of antagonist and nonpathogenic microbes and plant resistant that were effective to control Fusarium bulb rot on lili.  The experiment was conducted at Laboratory and Glasshouse of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (1,100 m asl.) on January to December 2007. Factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was Lilium clones i.e. No.1, No. 2, No. 3 (resistant), and No. 4 (susceptible clone as control). The second factor was antagonism microbes i.e. (1) Gliocladium sp. 107 spora/ml, (2). 107 Trichoderma sp. cel/ml, (3) Fusarium nonpathogenic 107 spora/ml, and (4) control (tap water without antagonist microbe). The results indicated that the use of Gliocladium sp. and resistant clone of Lilium i.e. clone No.3 was effective to control Fusarium bulb rot of Lilium. This proven from lower percentage of disease occurance on the treatment of antagonistics microbes and resistance varieties compared both to those of without treatment (control). The use of resistance plant followed by application of Gliocladium was known to be most effective to control fusarial wilt disease compared to the other treatment combinations.   
Co-Authors - Suhardi - Suhardi Asep Saepulloh Budi Marwoto Budi Marwoto Evi Silfia Yusuf Evi Silvia Yusuf Ika Djatnika Ika Djatnika Muchdar Soedarjo Silfia Yusuf W Handayati Wakiah Nuryani Wakiah Nuryani Waqiah Nuryani