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Kompatibilitas Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, dan Trichoderma harzianum untuk Mengendalikan Ralstonia solanacearum pada Tanaman Kentang Marwoto, Budi; -, Hanudin; -, Hersanti; Muharam, Agus
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Dalam usaha budidaya kentang dijumpai berbagai kendala yang menekan produktivitas tanaman.Â Salah satu kendala yang paling penting yaitu patogen tular-tanah yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum E. F. Smith. Hasil pengamatan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa patogen ini dapat menimbulkan kehilangan hasil tanaman kentangÂ 40â100%. Salah satu alternatif yang paling prospektif dalam mengendalikan R. solanacearum ialah dengan mengaplikasikan mikrob antagonis yang diisolasi dari alam. Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, dan Trichoderma harzianum merupakan mikrob antagonis yang mampu mengendalikan patogen yang terbawa tanah sampai 70% dan mampu meningkatkan produksi tanaman sampai 40%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi kompatibilitas mikrob antagonis dan dapat mengendalikan R. solanacearum pada tanaman kentang.Â Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fitopatologi Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, dan Laboratorium Bakteriologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias,Â pada bulan Maret sampai dengan DesemberÂ 2009. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh dua nomor isolat bakteri yaitu P. fluorescens yang diisolasi dari rizosfer krisan, Segunung (Pf2), B. subtilis berasal dari IPB (Bs 12), dan satu isolat T. harzianum berasal dari Universitas Gadjah Mada (Th 1) kompatibel pada media yang banyak mengandung protein (Kingâs B), tetapi tidak kompatibel pada media yang banyak mengandung karbohidrat (potato dextrose agar). Indikatornya ialah indeks kompatibilitas â¤1. Aplikasi B. subtilis secara tunggal merupakan perlakuan yang paling efektif mengendalikan R. solanacearum pada kentang. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan oleh persentase penekanan perlakuan tersebut paling besar (35,27%) bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya, kecuali perlakuan gabungan antara Bs 12, Pf 2, dan Th 1 yang sama-sama menunjukkan persentase penekanan sebesar 35,27%.ABSTRACT. Hanudin, Marwoto, B, Hersanti, and Muharam, A 2012. Compatibilities of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Trichoderma harzianum to Control Ralstonia solanacearum on Potato.Â Â Among the vegetable crops cultivated by farmers, potato is the most important one.Â In cultivating the crop, farmers has faced many problems, the most important one is wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E. F. Smith.Â Â Based on the available data known that the disease reduces 40â100% of the total production.Â One of the alternative methods control which was more environmentally friendly applied by the use of antagonistic microbes isolated from the soil.Â Bacillus subtilis, P. fluorescens, and T. harzianum were abundance in the soil and easily be isolated from rhizosfer.Â The bacteria are reported to be effective to control soilborn pathogens in the field.Â Based on the preliminary research proven that the bacteria could reduce 70% of the total soilborn pathogens in the soil and increase crop production up to 40%.Â The objective ofÂ this study was to determine information of compatibilities between antagonistic microbe and bacterial wilt which had control on potato. The researchÂ were conducted in Laboratory andÂ Greenhouse of the Padjadjaran University, Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, and Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute, on March to December 2009. The results showed thatÂ isolates of P. fluorescens (Pf2), B. subtilis (Bs12),Â and T. harzianum (Th1) were compatible on medium which containing protein (Kingâs B), but were not copmatible on medium containing carbohydrate (PDA). The indicator is compatibility index â¤1. Single application of B. subtilisÂ wasÂ effective toÂ controlÂ R. solanacearum on potato, suppression wilt biggest (35,27%), if compared with other treatments except combination between Bs 12, Pf 2, and Th 1 treatments was 35,27 % too.Â

Kemangkusan Biobakterisida terhadap Penyakit Busuk Lunak (Pseudomonas viridiflava) pada Phalaenopsis Nuryani, Waqiah; Yusuf, Evi Silvia; -, Hanudin; Djatnika, Ika; Marwoto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 4 (2012): Desember
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Penyakit busuk lunak yang disebabkan oleh Pseudomonas viridiflava merupakan salah satu kendala utama dalam budidaya anggrek Phalaenopsis di Indonesia. Sampai saat ini belum ditemukan teknik pengendalian penyakit tersebut yang paling efektif. Penggunaan biobakterisida sudah diterapkan di luar negeri untuk menekan penyakit busuk lunak pada Phalaenopsis. Tujuan penelitian ialah : (1) jenis bakteri antagonis yang digunakan sebagai bahan aktif biobakterisida, (2) formula biopestisida yang efektif mengendalikan Â penyakit busuk lunak (PBL) pada anggrek Â Phalaenopsis, Â (3) mendapatkan informasi mekanisme penekanan bakteri antagonis, dan (4) memperoleh informasi kerapatan populasi bakteri antagonis yang mengkolonisasi pada daun setelah mendapat perlakuan biobakterisida. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bakteriologi dan Â Rumah Kaca Biokontrol, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias Segunung pada Bulan Januari hingga Desember 2011. Isolat bakteri antagonis nomor Â B7 dan B30 disuspensikan ke dalam air steril dan bahan pembawa organik yang mengandung karbohidrat Â dan Â protein minimal, karbohidrat, dan protein optimal. Â Selanjutnya formula tersebut masing-masing diaplikasikan pada daun Â Phalaenopsis (metode spraying) sehari sebelum atau setelah inokulasi patogen busuk lunak (cara pin pricking). Rancangan yang digunakan Â ialah acak kelompok dengan 15 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Â (1) bakteri antagonis no. B7 dan B30 yang digunakan sebagai bahan aktif biobakterisida digolongkan ke dalam genus Bacillus sp., (2) suspensi bakteri antagonis no. B7 dalam bahan organik yang mengandung karbohidrat dan protein minimal dan diaplikasikan 1 hari sebelum inokulasi dapat menekan serangan PBL dengan persentase penekanan sebesar 33,45%, (3) mekanisme penekanan Â penyakit oleh biobakterisida dipengaruhi oleh derajat kolonisasi bakteri anatagonis pada daun anggrek dan efek antibiosis, dan (4) kerapatan populasi bakteri antagonis sebelum aplikasi ialah 9+7x102 cfu/g, selanjutnya meningkat menjadi 8+3 x 103 cfu/g daun selama 3 hari. Aplikasi biobakterisida berbahan aktif bakteri antagonis diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani anggrek dan Â mendorong pengembangan industri biobakterisida berbasis sumber daya lokal.Â Soft rot caused by Pseudomonas viridiflava is one of the most important diseases on Â Phalaenopsis production in Indonesia. Untill Â now, the effective technique to control the disease Â has not been found yet. Meanwhile biobactericide has been widely applied in other countries. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine type of antagonist bacteria used as biobactericide active material, (2) Â biopesticide formula wich were effective to control soft rot disease, (3) to get information mechanism of suppressing on antagonist bacteria, and (4) Â to examine the population density that colonized on Phalaenopsis orchid leaves Â having treated. The study was conducted at Bacteriology Laboratory and Biocontrol Glasshouse of the Indonesian Ornamental Plant Research Institute, started from January to December 2011. Antagonist bacteria isolates no. B7 and B30 were suspended on the sterile water and the organic materials containing minimum or optimum of protein and carbohydrates, respectively. Then those biobactericides were applicated by spraying to the leaves of Phalaenopsis orchids Â the day before or after the soft rot inoculation (by pin pricking method). A randomized block design with 15 treatments and three replications Â was used in this study. The results showed that (1) antagonist bacteria no. B7 and B30 Â used as biobactericide active material were grouping in to the Bacillus sp. genus (2) antagonist bacteria isolate no. B7 that suspended in an organic material Â containing minimum of carbohydrate-protein was applied 1 day before inoculation (treatment of a1f1 b7) was effective to control P. viridiflava with suppressing at 33.45%, (3) suppressing Â mode rate of action of this treatment to suppress this pathogen Â was Â influenced by the degree of colonization and antibiosis reactions, and (4) the population density of such treatment before application was Â 9+7 x 102 cfu/g and increased to 8+3 x 103 cfu/g leaf during 3 days. The application of the biobactericides was quite promising Â to increase orchids farmersâ income and to push the development of Â national resources Â based biobactericide industry.

Formulasi Biopestisida Berbahan Aktif Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, dan Corynebacterium sp. Nonpatogenik untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Karat pada Krisan Hanudin, Hanudin; Nuryani, Wakiah; Silvia, Evi; Djatnika, Ika; Marwoto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Karat putih yang disebabkan oleh Puccinia horiana merupakan salah satu penyakit pada krisan yangdapat menimbulkan kehilangan hasil sampai 100% . Selama ini untuk mengendalikan patogen tersebut, petani seringmenggunakan pestisida kimiawi. Hal tersebut sangat mengkhawatirkan mengingat penggunaan fungisida sintetiksecara berlebihan dapat mencemari lingkungan yang membahayakan bagi kehidupan makhluk hidup. Oleh karenaitu, cara pengendalian alternatif yang efektif dan aman bagi lingkungan diperlukan untuk mengendalikan penyakitkarat putih pada krisan. Salah satu alternatif cara pengendalian penyakit karat yaitu dengan mengaplikasikanbiopestisida yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium, rumah kaca, dan rumah plastik KebunPercobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (1.100 m dpl), pada bulan April 2009 sampai Februari 2010. Tiga spesiesbakteri antagonis sebagai bahan aktif biopestisida (Bacillus subtilis Cs 1a, Corynebacterium sp.1, dan Pseudomonasflurescens 3 Sm) dan bahan pembawa (campuran antara ekstrak kascing, molase, gula pasir, dan atau kentang),masing-masing diformulasi dalam 12 jenis formula biopestisida cair. Formulasi biopestisida difermentasikan selama3 minggu dalam keadaan aerobik menggunakan biofermentor. Viabilitas bahan aktif dalam bahan pembawa diujisetiap bulan, yaitu pada periode sebelum dan sesudah fermentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi bahanaktif setelah difermentasi selama 3 minggu selalu meningkat, populasi bahan aktif sebelum fermentasi sejumlah 105cfu/ml meningkat menjadi 106-7 cfu/ml. Dua bulan setelah fermentasi, populasi bahan aktif biopestisida masih tetaptinggi yaitu berkisar antara 106-11 cfu/ml. Perlakuan ekstrak kascing + gula pasir + B. subtilis + P. fluorescens +Corynebacterium pada tingkat konsentrasi 0,3% merupakan perlakuan terbaik. Disamping dapat menekan intensitasserangan P. horiana (38,49%), formulasi biopestisida tersebut juga dapat menaikkan hasil panen bunga krisan layakjual sebanyak 14,58%.ABSTRACT. Hanudin, W. Nuryani, E. Silvia, I. Djatnika, and B. Marwoto. 2010. Formulation of BiopesticideContaining Bacilllus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Corynebacterium sp. for Controlling WhiteRust Disease on Chrysanthemum. White rust caused by Puccinia horiana is one of the contagious diseases ofchrysanthemum that is able to cause yield losses up to 100%. Chemical synthetic fungicides have been used tocontrol the disease. Because of harmful effects of the synthetic fungicides, the other alternative measure to controlthe disease have to be developed in order to support the sustainable farming system. One of the recommended controlmeasures is the application of biopesticide which is environmentaly friendly. The experiments were conducted inthe laboratory, glasshouse, and plastichouse of Indonesia Ornamental Crops Research Institute (1,100 m asl), fromApril 2009âFebruary 2010. Three candidates of biocontrol agents, i.e. B. subtilis Cs 1a, Corynebacterium sp.1, andP. fluorescens 3 Sm, were formulated with organic basal medium made from fermented worm manure, molasses,sugar, and or potatoes extracts. Twelve formulations were tested for their effectiveness to control the disease in thefield. The viability of the biocontrol agents in the formulations was monthly tested before and after fermentationprocess during storage. Population of the biocontrol agents, after fermentation for 3 weeks was increased from 105to 106-7 cfu/ml. Two months after fermentation the population of the biocontrol agents was still high (106-11 cfu/ml).The results showed that the formulation of vermicompost + sugar + B. subtilis + P. fluorescens + Corynebacteriumat the concentration level of 0.3%, was proven to be the best treatment. The treatment was effective to supress whiterust up to 38.49%, and could also increase the yield of marketable chrysanthemum flowers up to 14.58%.

Aplikasi 2,4-D dan TDZ dalam Pembentukan dan Regenerasi Kalus pada Kultur Anther Anthurium Winarto, Budi; Mattjik, N A; Purwito, A; Marwoto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 1 (2010): Maret 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Studi kombinasi konsentrasi 2,4-D dan TDZ dalam pembentukan kalus dan regenerasinya pada kultur anther Anthurium dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias sejak bulan November 2007 hingga Agustus 2008. Penelitian bertujuanÂ mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi konsentrasi 2,4-D dan TDZ terhadap pembentukan dan regenerasi kalus. Spadik Anthurium andraeanum kultivar Tropical yang 50% stigmanya berada dalam kondisi reseptif optimal, kalus hasil regenerasi, dan medium MWR-3 yang mengandung BAP 0,75 mg/l, NAA 0,02 mg/l, sukrosa 30 g/l, dan gelrit 2,0 g/l digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Konsentrasi 2,4-D dan TDZ yang diuji ialah 0, 0,5, 1,0, dan 2,0 mg/l. Rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan empat ulangan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi konsentrasi 2,4-D dan TDZ berpengaruh nyata terhadap pembentukan dan regenerasi kalus. Aplikasi 2,4-D 0,5 mg/l yang dikombinasikan dengan TDZ 2,0 mg/l merupakan kombinasi terbaik untuk pembentukan kalus dengan potensi tumbuh anther mencapai 58%, 38% anther beregenerasi dan rerata 2,3 anther membentuk kalus tiap perlakuan. Kombinasi 2,4-D 1,0 mg/l dengan TDZ 0,5 mg/l merupakan kombinasi terbaik untuk regenerasi kalus dengan 5,3 tunas per eksplan. ABSTRACT. Winarto, B., N.A. Mattjik, A. Purwito, and B. Marwoto. 2010. Application of 2.4-D and TDZ on Callus Formation and Its Regeneration of Anthurium Anther Culture. Study of 2.4-D and TDZ concentration combination in callus formation and its regeneration on anther culture of Anthurium was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute from November 2007 to August 2008. This study was aimed to determine the effect of concentration combination of 2.4-D and TDZ on callus formation, growth, and its regeneration. Spadix of Anthurium andraeanum cv. Tropical which 50% of its stigma was in optimum receptive, MWR-3 medium containing BAP 0.75 mg/l, NAA 0.02 mg/l, sucrose 30 g/l, and gelrite 2.0 g/l and callus derived from the anthers were used in the experiments. Concentrations of 2.4-D and TDZ tested in the experiment for callus formation and its regeneration were 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/l. Factorial experiment with four replications was arranged in a completely randomized design. The results of the study indicated that combination of 2.4-D and TDZ gave significant effect on callus induction and its regeneration. In callus formation, 2.4-D 0.5 mg/l combined with TDZ 2.0 mg/l was the most suitable treatment with potential anther growth up to 58%; and 38% of anther regenerated with average 2.3 of anthers produced callus per treatment. 2.4-D 1.0 mg/l combined with TDZ 0.5 mg/l was the most appropriate treatment for callus regeneration into shoots with 5.3 shoots/explant.

Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Subang Gladiol dengan Pengasapan dan Biopestisida Nuryani, Wakiah; Yusuf, Silfia; Djatnika, Ika; Hanudin, -; Marwoto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 1 (2011): Maret 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Gladiol (Gladiolus hybridus L.) merupakan komoditas tanaman hias yang mempunyai prospek pengembangan yang cukup cerah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri maupun ekspor. Salah satu penyakit utama yang menyerang tanaman tersebut ialah layu yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli. Di Indonesia, kehilanganÂ hasil akibat serangan patogen tersebut hampir mencapai 100%. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengendalikan F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli serta mendorong pertumbuhan tunas subang gladiol melaluiÂ pengasapan dan aplikasi biopestisida. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias Segunung (1.100 m dpl.) dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2009. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok denganÂ sembilan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaÂ pengasapan dari hasil pembakaran tempurung kelapa yang ditambah dengan Prima BAPF dapat merangsang pertumbuhan tunas pada subang gladiol, tetapi tidak mampu menekan jumlah subang terinfeksi dan intensitas penyakit busuk Fusarium di gudang penyimpanan. Untuk percobaan yang dilakukan di lapangan, perlakuan gabungan antara pengasapan dari hasil pembakaran tempurung kelapa yang ditambah dengan belerang dan Prima BAPF merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu Fusarium. Aplikasi perlakuan tersebutÂ menurunkan jumlah tanaman layu, menurunkan nilai AUDPCÂ perlakuan, dan dapat meningkatkan produksiÂ bunga gladiol. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat diadopsi oleh petani guna mengendalikan F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli secara luas.Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L) is one of the most economically important cut flowers in Indonesia.Â The crops is commonly cultivated in the highland. Cultivations of the crops in the production centers have faced various problems especially wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporumÂ f. sp. gladioliÂ as the most important one. Based on the field observations, it was known that the disease can reduce plant production and its yield quality up to 100%. The experiment was aimed to determine the effect of fumigation by using smoke produced by burned up coconut shell and biopesticideÂ on gladioulus bud growth and fusarial wiltÂ incidence. The expereiment was carried out at the Laboratory, Glasshouse and the field of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (1,100 m asl.)Â since January to December 2009.Â A randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications was used.Â The resultsÂ indicated that fumigation by using smoke ofÂ burned up coconut shell combined with biopesticide Prima BAPF stimulated gladiolus bud growth, but did not suppress infection of the bulb and fusarial disease intensity at the storage.Â Base on the field trial, fumigation by smoke of burned up coconut shell combined with sulphur and Prima BAPF was proven to be the best treatment. Application of the treatment significantly reduced disease intensity, AUDPC value, and increased flower production. This research result is expected to be adopted by farmers in order to widely control the F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli.

Teknologi Haploid Anyelir: Studi Tahap Perkembangan Mikrospora dan Seleksi Tanaman Donor Anyelir Kartikaningrum, Suskandari; Purwito, A; Watimena, G A; Marwoto, Budi; Sukma, D
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 2 (2011): JUNI 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Pengembangan teknologi haploidisasi merupakan salah satu terobosan yang diharapkan mampu mempercepat kebangkitan industri florikultura di Indonesia. Teknologi tersebut dapat menghasilkan tanaman homozigot murni atau tanaman haploid ganda. Tujuan penelitian ialah (1) mengetahui tahap perkembangan bunga, mikrospora, dan viabilitasnya, (2) mendapatkan medium inisiasi yang potensial untuk kultur anter atau mikrospora anyelir. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, Segunung dan Laboratorium Microtechnique, Departemen Agronomi, Institut Pertanian Bogor, mulai September 2009 sampai dengan Oktober 2010. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan ialah lima genotip Dianthus chinensis. Pengamatan mikrospora dengan pengecatan menggunakan DAPI dan FDA, seleksi medium inisiasi, dan tanaman donor dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menghasilkan lima genotip D. chinensis yang memiliki kecepatan anthesis yang relatif sama, yaitu berkisar antara 14-16 hari, mempunyai ciri-ciri spesifik, yaitu adanya perubahan warna anter pada fase perkembangan kuncup bunga yang sama dan pada genotip V11, V13, dan V15 yang memiliki ukuran mikrospora bervariasi. Jumlah mikrospora per anter terbanyak ditemukan pada genotip V11, yaitu 30.400. Rasio tahap perkembangan mikrospora berubah sejalan dengan perubahan tahap perkembangan kuncup bunga dengan persentase late-uninucleate tertinggi (44,64%) pada saat kuncup bunga mencapai ukuran antara 1,31 dan 1,51 cm, dan belum ada perubahan warna anter. Viabilitas mikrospora berkisar antara 40-60% dan persentase tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh genotip V11. Fase perkembangan mikrospora T3 (ukuran kuncup 1,31-1,50 cm, warna anter putih) berpotensi untuk pengujian lebih lanjut. Medium inisiasi yang dipilih ialah medium M2 dan M5 yang akan diuji lebih lanjut. Genotip V11 ditetapkan sebagai tanaman donor utama, sedang genotip lain yang berpotensi yaitu V13 dan V15. Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat sebagai langkah awal pembuatan protokol kultur anter tanaman anyelir.The development of haploid technology is one of the breakthrough innovation to fasten the revival of floriculture industry in Indonesia. Homozygous double haploid plants can be produced through this technology. The aims of this research were to determine (1) flower development stage, microspores, and survival, (2) isolation techniques and medium having the potential for initiation of anther or microspores culture of carnation. The study was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute, Segunung, and the Microtechnique Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Bogor Agricultural University, from September 2009 to October 2010. Five genotypes of Dianthus chinensis were used in this study. Periodically observations of anther morphology, DAPI and FDA staining, selection of medium, and donor plants were done in this research. The results showed that the D. chinensis genotypes tested had relatively the same growth speed of anther ranged from 14 to 16 days, special characteristics in color change of anther of the flower bud stage development of the same genotype and variation of microspore size among the genotypes V11, V13, and V15. The highest number of microspores per anther was presented in genotype V11 (30,400). The ratio of microspore developmental stage changed in line with flower bud development stage with the highest percentage of late-uninucleate (44.64%) at flower bud size between 1.31 to 1.51 cm, and there was no change in color of anther. Microspore viability ranged between 40 and 60%, and the highest percentage shown by genotype V11. Microspore development phase ofÂ T3 (bud size 1.31-1.50 cm, white anther color) had potential for further testing. The selected initiation media were M2 and M5, which will be examined further. Genotype V11 designated as a major donor plant, while the other potential genotypes were V13 and V15. The results of this study are useful as a first step to develop anther culture protocol on carnation.

Biopestisida Organik Berbahan Aktif Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas fluorescens untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Anyelir Hanudin, -; Nuryani, Waqiah; Yusuf, Evi Silvia; Marwoto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 2 (2011): JUNI 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Anyelir (Dianthus caryophillusÂ L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman hias yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Penyakit utama yang menyerang tanaman ini ialah layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi tanaman sekitar 20-60%.Â Pengendalian yang selama ini dilakukan oleh petani bertumpu pada penggunaanÂ pestisida kimia sintetik. Namun penggunaan bahan kimia tersebut tidak mampu mengeradikasi patogen secara sempurna, terutama pada lapisan tanah yang agak dalam. Salah satu cara pengendalian berwawasan lingkungan ialah menggunakan musuh alami.Â Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (1.100 m dpl.), sejak Mei sampai Desember 2009. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh Bacillus subtilis dan PseudomonasÂ fluorescens yang diformulasi dalam bentuk biopestisida organik cair dalam pengendalian layu Fusarium pada tanaman anyelir. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acakÂ kelompok dengan 10 perlakuan, yaitu 10% ekstrak kascing + 10% molase + B. subtilils + P. fluarescens (BP) dan 10% ekstrak pupuk kandang kuda + 10% molase + BP masing-masing konsentrasi 0,1, 0,3, 0,5, dan 0,7%, dazomet 0,2%, serta kontrol (air ledeng), dengan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi bakteri antagonis setelah dilakukan proses fermentasi selama 3 minggu,Â meningkat dibandingkan sebelum fermentasi.Â Rerata populasi awal sebelum fermentasi bakteri antagonisÂ 107-109 cfu/ml meningkat menjadi 1010-1012 cfu/ml pada 3 minggu setelah fermentasi. Populasi kedua agens biokontrol tersebut setelah penyimpanan selama 2 bulan cenderung stabil berkisar antara 1010-1011 cfu/ml.Â Perlakuan B. subtilis dan P. fluorescensÂ yang disuspensikan ke dalam ekstrak kascing + molase pada taraf konsentrasi 0,5% kemudian difermentasikan dalam biofermentor selama 3 minggu secara konsisten dapat menekan serangan F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi pada anyelir. Implikasi hasil penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan daya saing komoditas tanaman hias melalui pemanfaatan sumber daya alam nasional secara optimal berkelanjutan untuk mendukung industri tanaman hias yang berdaya saing tinggi.Carnation (Dianthus caryophillusÂ L.) is one of the most economically important cut flowers in Indonesia. The crops is commonly cultivated in the highland areas of the country. Cultivations of the crops in the production center areas have faced various problems, especially wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporumÂ f. sp. dianthi as the most important one. Based on the field observation it is known that the disease could reduce plant production and its yield quality up to 20-60%. To control the disease, farmers usually use a synthetic chemical pesticides.Â However the control measures are not sufficiently effective to overcome the diseases problems.Â Therefore, an alternative control measures which are more environmentally friendly is necessary. The use of biocontrol agents is nowdays bring popular to be recommended toÂ control the disease.Â A study on the control of fusarial wilt disease on carnation was carried outÂ in the Laboratory and Glasshouse of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (1,100 m asl.) from May to December 2009, using Bacillus subtilis and PseudomonasÂ fluorescensÂ formulated in the liquid organic pesticide.Â The study was arranged in a randomized block design, with 10 treatments i.e. 10% vermi compost + 10% molase + BP and 10% horse manure + 10% molase + BP consentration 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7% resfectively, dazomet 0,2% and control with four replications. The results showed that population of antagonistic bacterial was increased fromÂ 107-109Â to 1010-1012 cfu/mlÂ after 3 weeks fermentation in the organic carrier.Â The population of two antagonistic bacteriaÂ was likely stable on 1010-1011 cfu/ml after storing 2 months. The treatments of B. subtilis and P.Â fluorescens suspended in the vermi compost extract and molases on the concentration level ofÂ 0.5% and formulated in the biofermentor for 3 weeksÂ were consistenly effective in reducing Fusarium wilt on carnation. The implication of research results could be increase commodity competitive ability of ornamental plants by using national nature resource on a continuity for support the ornamental plants industry with high competitiveness.

Pengujian Kisaran Inang Nematoda Bentuk Ginjal (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford dan Oliveira) Marwoto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Rotylenchulus reniformis merupakan salah satu nematoda semiendoparasit penting yang menyerangberbagai jenis tanaman hortikultura di Indonesia. Nematoda ini dapat ditemukan di dataran rendah maupun datarantinggi di Indonesia. Salah satu cara yang efektif untuk mengendalikan R. reniformis ialah melalui penerapan rotasitanaman dan sanitasi lingkungan, termasuk memusnahkan tanaman inang alternatif. Untuk itu, diperlukan pengujianstatus inang berbagai jenis tanaman dan spesies gulma terhadap R. reniformis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April2002 sampai Januari 2003 di Rumah Kaca dan Laboratorium Nematologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias Segunung,Kecamatan Pacet, Kabupaten Cianjur (1.100 m dpl.). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5ulangan. Sebanyak 84 jenis tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, dan berbagai spesies gulma digunakan sebagai perlakuan.Setiap tanaman diinokulasi dengan 1.000 ekor nematoda yang merupakan campuran larva, nematoda jantan, dan betinapradewasa. Status inang ditentukan dengan kriteria faktor reproduksi R. reniformis lebih dari 1 = tanaman inang R.reniformis dan faktor reproduksi kurang dari 1 = bukan tanaman inang. Faktor reproduksi merupakan perbandinganantara populasi akhir dan populasi awal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 41 jenis tanaman sayuran yangdiuji, 24 di antaranya merupakan tanaman inang R. reniformis. Cabai, wortel, dan bawang-bawangan bukan inangR. reniformis. Tujuh spesies gulma berdaun lebar dapat digolongkan sebagai inang R. reniformis. Semua gulmamonokotil yang diuji bukan inang R. reniformis. Populasi R. reniformis tidak dapat berkembang pada hibrida Tagetespatula dan T. erecta, Crotalaria usaramoensis, dan Ricinus communisABSTRACT. Marwoto, B. 2009. Study of Host Range of Reniform Nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linfordand Oliveira ). Rotylenchulus reniformis is one of the most important semiendoparasitic nematode attacking differentspecies of horticultural crops and weeds in Indonesia. The nematode can be found in the lowland and highland areasin Indonesia. One of the most reliable control measures of the nematode in the field is by applying crop rotation anderadicating alternative hosts. Before applying those control measures, a research on the host status of different cropsand weed species to the nematode is necessarily to be done. This study was conducted on April 2002 to January2003 at the Greenhouse and Nematology Laboratory of The Research Institute for Ornamental Crops, Cianjur, WestJava (1,100 asl.). A completely randomized design with 5 replications was used in this study. A total of 84 speciesand varieties of vegetables, ornamental crops, and weeds were used as treatments. Every variety of the crops and theweeds were inoculated with 1,000 nematode population, comprised of larvae, male, and pre-adult female. Host statuswas determined by the following criteria reproductive factor: >1=host plant and reproductive factor; and <1=non-hostplant; where reproductive factor was ratio between initial population and final population. The results showed that ofthe 41 species and varieties of vegetable crops tested, 24 species were determined as non-host of R. reniformis. Amongthem were chili pepper, carrot, shallots, and garlic. Seven weed species were categorized as host of R. reniformis.Monocot weeds were mostly proven as non-host of R. reniformis. Population of R. reniformis could not grow onTagetes patula and T. erecta hibryds, Crotalaria usaramoensis, and Ricinus communis

Pengendalian Layu Fusarium Menggunakan Mikrobe Antagonis dan Tanaman Resisten pada Lili Nuryani, Wakiah; Yusuf, Evi Silfia; Hanudin, -; Djatnika, Ika; Marwoto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DESEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Lili merupakan tanaman hias penting dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Budidaya lili di Indonesia menghadapi kendala utama yaitu penyakit layu Fusarium. Aplikasi bahan kimia sintetik untuk mengendalikan penyakit ini berdampak negatif terhadap kerusakan lingkungan. Aplikasi organisme antagonis dan kultivar resisten merupakan alternatif pengendalian penyakit ramah lingkungan, berdampak positif terhadap kelestariannya, dan meningkatkan produktivitas lili. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mikrobe antagonis, mikrobe nonpatogenik, dan klon lili yang dapat menekan penyakitÂ layu Fusarium. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biokontrol dan Rumah Sere, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2007. Tata letak percobaan disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial denga tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah klon lili yang terdiri dari klon No.1, No 2, No.3 (tahan), dan No.4 (rentan). Faktor kedua ialah perlakuan mikrobe antagonis (1) Gliocladium sp. 107 spora/ml, (2). Trichoderma sp. 107 sel/ml, (3) Fusarium a virulen 107 spora/ml dan, (4) kontrol (tanpa mikrobe antagonis). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan mikrobe antagonis Gliocladium sp. dan klon resisten paling efektif mengendalikan penyakit busuk umbi Fusarium pada lili. Hal ini dibuktikan dari persentase tanaman layu pada perlakuan aplikasi mikrobe dan penggunaan tanaman resistant dibandingkan dengan tanpa perlakuan. Penanaman tanaman resisten diikuti dengan aplikasi Gliocladium paling efektif menekan layu Fusarium dibanding perlakuan lainnya.Lilium is one ofÂ the most important and the heigest economic value of cut flower in Indonesia. Cultivation of Lilium faces major constrain, that is wilt disease caused by Fusarium. Application of synthetic chemicals to control the diseases is not recommended, because its impact is dangerous for environment and human life. Therefore other control measures that are move environmentally friendly and more effective/efficient have to applied. The use of antagonistic microbes and resistance varieties are the most promising control measures to be recommended in the field. The study was aimed to find out of antagonist and nonpathogenic microbes and plant resistant that were effective to control Fusarium bulb rot on lili.Â The experiment was conducted at Laboratory and Glasshouse of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (1,100 m asl.) on January to December 2007. Factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was Lilium clones i.e. No.1, No. 2, No. 3 (resistant), and No. 4 (susceptible clone as control). The second factor was antagonism microbes i.e. (1) Gliocladium sp. 107 spora/ml, (2). 107 Trichoderma sp. cel/ml, (3) Fusarium nonpathogenic 107 spora/ml, and (4) control (tap water without antagonist microbe). The results indicated that the use of Gliocladium sp. and resistant clone of Lilium i.e. clone No.3 was effective to control Fusarium bulb rot of Lilium. This proven from lower percentage of disease occurance on the treatment of antagonistics microbes and resistance varieties compared both to those of without treatment (control). The use of resistance plant followed by application of Gliocladium was known to be most effective to control fusarial wilt disease compared to the other treatment combinations.Â Â

Pengendalian Kutu Kebul dan Nematoda Parasitik Secara Kultur Teknik pada Tanaman Kentang Setiawati, Wiwin; Asandhi, Aziz Azirin; Marwoto, Budi; Sumantri, A; Hermawan, -
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 15, No 4 (2005): Desember 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Bemisia tabaci dan Meloidogyne spp. merupakan OPT penting pada tanaman kentang. Pengendalian secara kultur teknik merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah OPT tersebut. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang sejak bulan Juni sampai dengan Nopember 2002. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui efektivitas pengendalian B. tabaci dan Meloidogyne spp. secara kultur teknik pada tanaman kentang agar aman dikonsumsi dan ramah lingkungan. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah dengan 4 ulangan. Sebagai petak utama adalah pengelolaan tanah yang terdiri atas tanpa solarisasi dan tanpa subsoiling serta solarisasi dan subsoiling. Sebagai anak petak adalah sistem tanam, yang terdiri atas kentang monokultur, kentangâbawang daun, kentangâtagetes, dan kentangâlobak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian OPT secara kultur teknik (pengelolaan tanah dan sistem tanam) dapat menekan populasi OPT penting pada tanaman kentang. Tumpangsari antara kentang-bawang daun, kentangâtagetes, dan kentangâlobak dapat menekan serangan hama B. tabaci, M. persicae, P. operculella, dan T. palmi, serta nematoda Meloidogyne spp. pada tanaman kentang, sementara perlakuan subsoiling dan solarisasi serta tumpangsari antara tanaman kentang dengan tagetes dapat menekan populasi hama B. tabaci, M. persicae, P. operculella, dan T. palmi, masingâmasing sebesar 46,25; 78,65; 31,48, dan 35,38%. Di samping itu, perlakuan subsoiling dan solarisasi serta tumpangsari antara tanaman kentang dengan tagetes dapat menekan populasi nematoda Meloidogyne spp. dan nematoda lainnya seperti Rotylenchulus sp, Helicotylenchus sp, Tylenchulus sp., Xiphynema sp., dan Trichodorus sp pada tanaman kentang, dengan hasil panen cukup tinggi yang berkisar antara 9,36â10,05 t/ha. Pengelolaan tanah dan penggunaan tanaman yang bersifat antagonis dan perangkap di dalam sistem tumpangsari, ternyata dapat mengurangi kepadatan populasi OPT pada tanaman kentang.Cultural practices control technique of whitefly and parasitic nematode on potato. Bemisia tabaci and Meloidogyne spp. are important pests on potato. Cultural practices are alternative control to these pests. The study was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute (IVEGRI) from June to November 2002. The purpose of this experiment was to determine effectiveness of cultural practices control technique for B. tabaci and Meloidogyne spp. nematode which environmental and food safety concern. Split plot design was used in this experiment with 4 replications. Soil management was used as main plot, consisted of without solarization and without subsoiling; and solarization and subsoiling. Cropping system used as subplot were potato monocrop, potatoâbuncing onion, potatoâmarigold and potatoâradish. The results showed that cultural practices control (soil management and cropping system) could reduce population of pests on potato. Population of pests such as B. tabaci, M. persicae, P. operculella, T. palmi, and nematode were lower on cropping system between potatoâbuncing onion, potatoâmarigold, and potatoâradish. The use of subsoiling, solarization and cropping system between potato and marigold could reduce population of B. tabaci, M. persicae, P. operculella, T. palmi up to 46.25, 78.65, 31.48, and 35.38% respectively. The used of subsoiling, solarization, and cropping system between potato and marigold suppressed population of Meloidogyne spp. and other nematoda such as Rotylenchulus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Tylenchulus sp., Xiphynema sp., and Trichodorus sp. on potato and gave the highest yield up to 9.36â10.05 t/ha compared with other treatments. Soil management and the used of antagonistic or trap crop in cropping system could effectively retard the population of pest and deseases on patato.

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