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ANALISIS GEN GSTM1 NULL, GSTT1 NULL, RASIO GSH/GSSG DAN KADAR LOGAM BERAT TERHADAP DERAJAT AUTISM SPEKTRUM DISORDER Hermawati, Donna; A, Mahayu Dewi; Utari, Agustini; Winarni, Tri Indah; Faradz, Sultana MH
JNH (Journal of Nutrition and Health) Vol 7, No 2 (2019): JNH (JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND HEALTH)
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Background : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an behavioral disorder included in multifactorial disease. Several theory said that genetics factor, parental age, immunologic dysfunction, chemical induced, heavy metal intoxication and oxidative stress are related to ASD. A study about genetics and environmental factor is very important. High polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes were reported in autism population. The measurement of heavy metal concentration in hair specimen has been done to know excretion ability of the body. GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null polymorphism in subjects with autism, reflect individual vulnerability for environmental induced, such as heavy metal. Objectives : The objectives of this study was to know the frequency of GSTM1 null and GSTT 1null od ASD patients compare to the wildtype and the heavy metal concentration (Pb and Hg) of ASD patients Methods: Blood samples and hair specimen were collected from thirty eight autism children of Autism School in Semarang, Surakarta and Probolinggo. The Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to analyze GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene. The GSH and GSSG concentration were done using ELISA. Heavy metal (Pb) concentration of hair specimen were done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results : The higher frequency of GSTM1 null & GSTT1 null were obtained in ASD children compared to the wildtype. The average of Pb concentration reached beyond the maximum standart (3,34 ppm).

THE EFFECT OF GIVING BIT JUICE (Beta vulgaris L.) ON SPERMATOZOA MORPHOLOGY OF WISTAR RATS THAT EXPOSED MOSQUITO COIL SMOKE Septian, Kevin; Ariani, RR Mahayu Dewi; Hermawati, Donna; Nugroho, Trilaksana
DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL (JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO) Vol 9, No 2 (2020): DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL ( Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro )
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

Background : Spermatozoa have a limited amount of antioxidants that cause spermatozoa to be susceptible to oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mosquito repellent contains the active ingredient Pyrethroid which is one example of external factors that cause DNA damage through oxidative stress. This results in the emergence of secondary metabolites that can act as free radicals, then these free radicals follow the circulation of blood throughout the body including the testes which will cause the process of spermatogenesis to be disrupted and will ultimately affect the quality of the spermatozoa produced. Objective : To find out the effect of giving beetroot juice (Beta vulgaris) on the morphology of spermatozoa of male Wistar rats that exposed to mosquito coil smoke. Method : This study uses an experimental study, with the type of research design is post test only control group design. The population used in this study were male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus). The research sample was selected by simple random sampling. Analysis of the data used in the study is an analysis with one way anova test. Results : The mean morphological morphology of normal spermatozoa are: Group K (-) = 96.40; Group K (+) = 88,40; P1 group = 90.80; P2 group = 94.40. One Way ANOVA test found significant differences between the five treatment groups. Post-Hoc Test found significant differences between K (-) with K (+), K (+) with P2, P1 with P2, P1 with K (-). While in the other groups, there was no significant difference in the morphological percentage of spermatozoa. Conclusion : The giving of beet juice can affect sperm morphology Wistar rats that exposed to mosquito coil smoke.Keywords : spermatozoa, bit juice, antioxidant, free radical

Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Tindakan Menjaga Kesehatan Gigi Mulut dengan Keluhan Subyektif Permasalahan Gigi Mulut pada Mahasiswa Kesehatan dan Non Kesehatan Skripsa, Tira H.; Unique, Audrey A.; Hermawati, Donna
e-GiGi Vol 9, No 1 (2021): E-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.9.1.2021.32676

Abstract: Individual behavior related to oral health could cause poor oral condition. Health behavior consists of domains of knowledge, attitude, and action related to health, including oral health. This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between knowledge and action to maintain oral health and subjective complaints related to oral condition of medical and non-medical students. This was an analytical and observational study with a cross sectional design. Samples were medical and non-medical students obtained by using the consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected at Diponegoro University using online questionnaire through the Google form platform regarding knowledge, actions to maintain oral health, and subjective complaints of oral health problems. Data were analyzed by using the chi-square test. The results showed that the majority of students had a high level of knowledge about dental and oral health, meanwhile, their action to maintain oral health was in moderate level. The levels of knowledge and action to maintain oral health of medical students were better than of the non-medical students. Dental and oral health problems most frequently complained were recurrent aphtous ulcers (RAU) and dental caries. The chi-square test showed a p-value of 0.023 between the action to maintain oral health and subjective complaints of oral health problems. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between the action to maintain oral health and subjective complaints of oral health problems.Keywords: knowledge, action to maintain oral health, dental and oral health problemÂ Â Abstrak: Salah satu faktor penyebab permasalahan gigi dan mulut ialah perilaku terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Perilaku kesehatan terdiri dari domain pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan yang berkait-an dengan kesehatan termasuk kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan tindakan menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan keluhan subyektif permasalahan gigi dan mulut pada mahasiswa kesehatan dan non kesehatan. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah mahasiswa kesehatan dan non kesehatan, diperoleh dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan di Universitas Diponegoro dengan menggunakan kuesioner online melalui platform Google form ten-tang pengetahuan, tindakan menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut, dan keluhan subyektif permasalahan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menun-jukkan tingkat pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut mahasiswa umumnya tinggi, sedangkan tindak-an menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut umumnya berada pada kategori sedang. Tingkat pengetahuan dan tindakan menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut mahasiswa kesehatan lebih baik daripada yang non kesehatan. Permasalahan yang terbanyak dikeluhkan ialah recurrent aphtous ulcers (RAU) dan karies gigi. Uji chi-square mendapatkan nilai p=0,023 untuk hubungan tindakan menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan keluhan subyektif permasalahan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tindakan menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan keluhan subyektif permasalahan kesehatan gigi dan mulut.Kata kunci: pengetahuan, tindakan menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut, masalah kesehatan gigi mulut

Are GSTM1 Null and GSTT1 Null Risk Factor of Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Preliminary Study Donna Hermawati; Sue-Mian Then; Tri Indah Winarni; Rahman Jamal; Sultana MH Faradz
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 2 YEAR 2012
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (529.772 KB)

Background: Low plasma total glutathione (tGSH) levels, elevated levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and low ratios of tGSH to GSSG in autism were reported. Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are antioxidant enzymes that play important role in cellular detoxification and the excretion of environmental pollutants including heavy metals. Glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM1) and Glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT1) are known to be highly polymorphic. Homozygous deletions of these genes result in lack ofenzyme activity and impaired the ability to excrete metals including mercury. Combined effects of mercury (Hg) accumulation coupled with decreased levels of antioxidants (low glutathione and antioxidant enzymes) contribute to the phenotypic presentation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Association of GSTM1 null genotype with autism has been reported. Therefore the preliminary study was performed to investigate the role of GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null as risk factor of ASD associated with phenotype expression.Method: Fifty one ASD patients were recruited from special need & autism school and 45 controls from Semarang & Solo. Blood veins samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted by salting-out method in CEBIOR Semarang. Genotyping for GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene was done in UMBI Malaysia. Multiplex PCR was performed and PCR products were separated on 1.2 % agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide and visualized on UV transiluminator. GSTM1 & GSTT1 gene product is about 625 bp and 459 bp. Absence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene band was interpreted as GSTM1 null & GSTT1 null.Results: The frequency of GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null in ASD higher compared with control group but the difference is not statistically significant (p=0.357, OR=0.504; 95% CI 0.117-2.168 and p=0.364, OR=0.674; 95% CI 0.287-1.580). There is also no statistically different in the distribution of GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null between mild to moderately autistic and severely autistic (p=0.983, OR=0.980; 95% CI 0.158-6.095 and p=0.439, OR=1.633; 95% CI 0.471-5.656).Conclusion: GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null are not risk factor of ASD. Further investigations are needed with a bigger sample size, analyzing multiple GST genes and GST activity determination to find out the gene susceptibility of ASD and factors that contribute to the phenotype expression of ASD.Keywords: GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, risk factor, autism spectrum disorder ABSTRAKApakah GSTM1 Null dan GSTT1 Null merupakan faktor risiko autism spectrum disorder? Studi pendahuluanLatar belakang: Pada autism ditemukan bahwa glutathion total plasma (tGSH) rendah, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) meningkat dan rasio tGSH terhadap GSSG rendah. Glutathione s-transferase (GST) merupakan enzim antioksidan yang berperan penting dalam proses detoksifikasi seluler dan ekskresi polutan lingkungan termasuk diantaranya logam berat. Polimorfisme gen GST mu (GSTM1) dan GST theta (GSTT1) cukup tinggi. Delesi homozigot gen GSTM1 dan GSTT1 yang menyebabkan berkurang sampai tidak adanya aktivitas enzim GST serta menurunnya level antioksidan berkontribusi terhadap risiko ASD. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian pendahuluan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara gen GSTM1 null dan GSTT1 null sebagai faktor risiko ASD dengan ekspresi fenotip.Metode: Lima puluh satu pasien ASD dari SLB dan sekolah autis serta 45 kontrol dari Semarang dan Solo diambil darah vena, kemudian diekstraksi dengan metode salting-out diCEBIOR Semarang. Pemeriksaan genotip gen GSTM1 & GSTT1 dilakukan di UMBI Malaysia. Metode yang digunakan adalah PCR multipleks, setelah itu produk PCR dipisahkanpada 1,2% gel agarosa kemudian dicat dengan ethidium bromida dan hasilnya dilihat menggunakan transiluminator UV. Besar produk untuk GSTM1 & GSTT1 adalah 625 bp &459 bp. Tidak adanya band untuk gen GSTM1 & GSTT1 diinterpretasikan sebagai GSTM1 null & GSTT1 null.Hasil: Frekuensi gen GSTM1 null dan GSTT1 null pada ASD lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol tetapi tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,357, OR=0,504; 95% CI0,117-2,168 and p=0,364, OR=0,674; 95% CI 0,287-1,580). Distribusi gen GSTM1 null dan GSTT1 null pada autis ringan sedang dan autis berat juga tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik (p=0,983, OR=0,980; 95% CI 0,158-6,095 and p=0,439, OR=1,633; 95% CI 0,471-5,656).Simpulan: GSTM1 null dan GSTT1 null bukan merupakan faktor risiko ASD. Penelitian lebih lanjut sangat diperlukan dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar, analisis gen GSTmultipel dan pemeriksaan aktivitas GST untuk mendapatkan gen faktor risiko ASD dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspresi fenotip ASD.

Air Pollution Exposure Duration and Its Correlation with Triglyceride, HDL, and Atherogenic Index in Online Motorcycle Drivers Adrian Stefanus Herawan; Edward Kurnia Setiawan Limijadi; Donna Hermawati; Lusiana Batubara
JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL) Vol 11, No 2 (2022): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v11i2.33794

Background: The most restoration material used currently in dentistry was composite resin. The newest generation of composite resin was bulk-fill composite resin. The bulk-fill composite resin had advantages of lower polymerization contraction and a more straightforward and faster restoration technique. One of the factors which could affect the hardness of composite resin was the consumption of acidic drinks. The acidic beverage that people often consumed is coffee. A few coffee brewing methods were espresso and drip brewing.Objective: This research aimed to identify the effects of coffee soaking through espresso and drip brewing methods on bulk-fill composite resin's hardness.Methods: his research was experimental research, with a post-test control group design and a total sample of 27 samples. The soaking process was taken for seven days at a temperature of 37˚C on artificial saliva, espresso, and drip brewing coffee methods. The hardness of bulk-fill composite resin was measured after seven days by using Vickers hardness. The statistic test exerted One-Way ANOVA.Results: This research found a significant difference in bulk-fill composite resin's hardness among all groups, p-value = 0.00 (p<0.05). The result of the post-hoc LSD test showed a significant difference in the change of bulk-fill composite resin hardness between the artificial saliva group and espresso group (p=0,00) and no significant difference found between the artificial saliva group and drip brewing group (p=0.85).Conclusion: Soaking with espresso coffee has the smallest hardness value compared to soaking with drip brewing coffee and artificial saliva, so soaking with espresso coffee is the most influential on the hardness of the bulk fill composite resin.

Compassionate love parenting training to reduce stress in caregivers of children with special needs: An experimental study Desiningrum, Dinie Ratri; Hermawati, Donna; Somantri, Maman; Indriana, Yeniar; Rusydana, Alhimna
Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology and Health - Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/pjpp.v8i1.14931

Caregivers of children with special needs experience a high workload, which causes stress and low quality of life. A compassionate love attitude amongst caregivers is needed to improve the quality of parenting. This study aims to develop a compassionate love parenting training program to reduce stress among children with special needs caregivers. The method employed was Pre-experimental Design, with One-group Pre-test-Post-test. The research participants were 40 caregivers identified using the purposive sampling technique. In the pre-test, the stress level of the caregivers was measured using the Parental Stress Scale with 24 items (α = .828). The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test to observe the differences between the pre-test and post-test of two dependent samples. The results show that the stress score decreased significantly, with Z = -2.023 and with a significance level of .043 < .05. It is demonstrated that regular training in compassionate love parenting reduced the stress felt by caregivers of children with special needs. The implementation of compassionate love parenting training in special needs therapeutic centers is important, as it is one of the intervention methods that has been proven to reduce the level of stress to optimize the growth of the child.

Parenting stress, resilience, religiosity, and emotional competence in caregivers of children with special needs Desiningrum, Dinie Ratri; Hermawati, Donna; Somantri, Maman; Karim, Chamilul Hikam Al
Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology and Health - Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/pjpp.v10i1.23974

Children with special needs require caregivers to care for them and provide full or partial assistance in the carrying out of their daily activities, including undergoing therapy, going to school, receiving medication, and performing their daily routines. This can cause stress and a burden of care for caregiver, meaning that caregivers require emotional competence; this study aims to develop a model of such competence. Using a cross-sectional, correlational quantitative approach, data were collected from 120 caregivers selected purposively from the Yamet Foundation in Central Java. The research instruments were the Profile of Emotional Competence, Centrality of Religiosity Scale, Resilience Scale, and the Parenting Stress Scale. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with Lisrel. The findings reveal that the proposed model successfully captures the relationships between parenting stress, resilience, religiosity, and emotional competence. Parenting stress significantly and negatively affects emotional competence, with a path coefficient of β = -.39, t = -5.29, with higher stress levels correlating to reduced resilience and religiosity. In addition, resilience and religiosity act as mediator variables, with a score of z = -2.346 for religiosity and z = -2.017 for resilience, meaning that both variables act as mediators. However, resilience and religiosity do not directly influence each other. The study suggests that enhancing parents’ resilience and religiosity may buffer the impact of parenting stress on emotional competence. Thus, psychosocial support programs should integrate resilience-building and spiritual-based approaches to empower families of children with special needs.

Pemeriksaan Kimia Darah pada Kelompok Lansia di Kota Semarang sebagai Implementasi SDG’s - Kehidupan Sejahtera dan Sehat Hermawati, Donna; Nugraheni, Arwinda; Susanti, Siti
Humanism : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Agustus
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstrak : Sustainable Development Goals atau disingkat SDG’s merupakan suatu program dunia jangka panjang yang memiliki tujuan untuk mengoptimalkan semua potensi dan sumber daya yang dimiliki oleh tiap negara. Salah satu tujuan SDG’s adalah menjamin kehidupan yang sehat dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan penduduk seluruh usia dengan pemerintah menjamin penyediaan akses pelayanan kesehatan dan melakukan upaya preventif agar warga negara terhindar dari berbagai penyakit. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar kimia darah dalam lansia sehingga jika ada satu saja hal yang janggal dapat langsung ditangani. Sasaran dari pengabdian ini adalah kelompok lansia di Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Pengabdian dilaksanakan dengan melakukan pemeriksaan kadar kimia darah pada lansia. Alat yang digunakan berupa tensimeter, alat Easy Touch GCU, strip (glukosa, kolesterol, asam urat), dan alkohol swab. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu sebagian besar lansia memiliki kadar kimia darah dan tensi yang normal. Sebanyak 22,72% dari lansia memiliki tekanan darah yang cenderung tinggi. Sebanyak 18,18% lansia memiliki kadar glukosa dibawah 80 mg/dL, 72,72% memiliki kadar normal, dan 9,09% memiliki kadar glukosa lebih dari 180 mg/dL. 81,81% lansia memiliki kadar kolesterol normal atau dibawah 200 mg/dL dan 18,18% memiliki kadar kolesterol diatas 200 mg/dL. 77,27% lansia memiliki kadar asam urat normal dan 22,72% lansia memiliki kadar kolesterol diatas 6,1 mg/dL. Usia seseorang terkadang dapat menjadi alasan seseorang mengalami penyakit degeneratif, namun usia juga tidak menjadi patokan untuk seseorang terkena penyakit tersebut.

Compassionate love parenting training to reduce stress in caregivers of children with special needs: An experimental study Desiningrum, Dinie Ratri; Hermawati, Donna; Somantri, Maman; Indriana, Yeniar; Rusydana, Alhimna
Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology and Health - Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/pjpp.v8i1.14931

Caregivers of children with special needs experience a high workload, which causes stress and low quality of life. A compassionate love attitude amongst caregivers is needed to improve the quality of parenting. This study aims to develop a compassionate love parenting training program to reduce stress among children with special needs caregivers. The method employed was Pre-experimental Design, with One-group Pre-test-Post-test. The research participants were 40 caregivers identified using the purposive sampling technique. In the pre-test, the stress level of the caregivers was measured using the Parental Stress Scale with 24 items (α = .828). The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test to observe the differences between the pre-test and post-test of two dependent samples. The results show that the stress score decreased significantly, with Z = -2.023 and with a significance level of .043 < .05. It is demonstrated that regular training in compassionate love parenting reduced the stress felt by caregivers of children with special needs. The implementation of compassionate love parenting training in special needs therapeutic centers is important, as it is one of the intervention methods that has been proven to reduce the level of stress to optimize the growth of the child.

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