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All Journal Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Research Journal of Life Science
Tinny Endang Hernowati
Laboratorium Patologi Klinik Fakultas, Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Medicine & Pharmacology

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α-SMA Expression Increased Over Cell Passages and Decreased by Exogenous TGF-β1, In Vitro Studies on Myofibroblast Derived from Orbital Socket Contracture Shintiya Dewi, Debby; Chairinnisa, Elsa Safira; Sujuti, Hidayat; Lirawati, Diana; Hernowati, Tinny Endang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 8, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.02.15

Abstract

α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker of myofibroblast, induces cytoskeleton reorganization, increases contractility and stimulates cell migration in TGF-β1 induced stress fibers. The aims of the present study were to determine the level of α-SMA expression and morphological cell changes in different passages of myofi-broblasts with varied TGF-β1 concentrations. Myofibroblast cell cultures were derived from fibrotic tissues of fourth degree socket contracture. The α-SMA expression level was measured in myofibroblast cultures pas-sage I, II, and III with and without 10 ng/mL TGF-β1, and in passage III with 2.5; 5; 10; and 20 ng/mL TGF-β1. Results: The levels of α-SMA expression level in passage I to III were I 31.42 ± 3.4; 40.34 ± 8.14 and 56.37 ± 7.57, respectively. Addition of 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 into passage I-III myofibroblast cultures resulted in α-SMA expression level of 31.24 ± 2.93; 36.81 ± 6.09; and 14.29 ± 2.72, respectively. Myoblasts passage III showed the lowest α-SMA expression level following exposure to TGF-β1 10 ng/mL (22.37 ± 12.86) and highest without TGF-β1 (48.34 ± 13.36), however no morphological changes detected. α-SMA expression level increased with cell passages, decreases with addition of TGF-β1 while not affecting morphology of myofibroblast derived from the orbital socket contracture.
Effects of Artemisin and Moringa oleifera Extract Combination on CD4+ and CD8+ Percentage of Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei BR. Sijabat, Melda Fio Flora; Hernowati, Tinny Endang; Fitri, Loeki Enggar
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 6, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

 This research aims to examine the effect of Artemisin and Moringa oleifera leaf extract combination on the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell of mice infected with P.berghei. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells have important role in eliminating Plasmodium intracellular parasite that causes malaria infection. Artemisin is a potent antimalarial that kills the parasite through free radicals production. Excessive free radicals damage the immune cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Flavonoid (quercetin and kaempferol) bioactive on Moringa leaves is a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, and is expected to prevent and decrease the adverse effects of Artemisin. This experimental post-test group research was conducted on six groups, i.e. normal mice (negative control), P.berghei infected mice without treatment (positive control), and four other groups, i.e. P.berghei infected mice and treated with Artemisin 0.004mg/gBW (A), and combinations of Artemisin 0.004mg/gBW and Moringa leaf extract 0.125mg/gBW (DK1), 0.250mg/gBW (DK2), and 0.500mg/gBW (DK3). On day 3 and 7, blood samples from each group were drawn randomly, parasitemia degree was calculated microscopically (magnification 1000 times), the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was determined using flowcytometry. The results of this study indicated that the administration of Artemisin and Moringa leaf extract combination for 7 days significant increased the percentage of CD4 + T cells in DK2 (p=0.001) and DK3 (p=0.000), and decreased the degree of parasitemia in DK1 (p=0.000), DK2 (p=0.000), and DK3 (p=0.000), however CD8 + T cells show no difference. There was a relationship between Artemisin and Moringa leaf extract combination with the degree of parasitemia (p=0.000) and the percentage of CD4+ T cells (p = 0.000), but not on CD8+ T cells. Keywords: parasitemia, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Moringa oleifera
Cross Reaction among Antibody Pili sub unit Hemagglutinin Proteins and Outer Membrane sub unit Hemagglutinin Proteins of Shigella flexneri Fitrianingsih, Avin Ainur; Rachma, Lailia Nur; Milliana, Alvi; Hernowati, Tinny Endang; Aulanni'am, Aulanni'am; Santoso, Sanarto; Prawiro, Sumarno Reto
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 7, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.07.01.01

Abstract

Shigella  flexneri is the most common causal agent of shigellosis. Its pili are composed of pili protein subunits. Adhesion molecules can be found on the pili and outer membrane proteins (Omp). A hemagglutination reaction can be used for screening of adhesion molecules. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular weight of the pili protein subunits and outer membrane proteins of S. flexneri that act as hemagglutinin proteins, and to prove whether there is a cross-reaction between antibodies against hemagglutinin pili protein subunits and outer membrane proteins of S. flexneri. Methods: Pili protein subunits were isolated using pili bacteria cutters, and the outer membrane proteins were solubilized and obtained using sodium dodecyl sulfate 0.05% as detergent for Omp isolation.  The hemagglutination reaction used mice erythrocytes. The cross reactions between subunit pili proteins were conducted by Western blot and Dot blot. Results:. Antibodies against hemagglutinin sub unit pili protein 18 kDa responded to pili protein subunits 18 kDa; 23 kDa; 34 kDa; and 53 kDa; and Omp 23 kDa and 27 kDa. Omp and subunit pili proteins S. flexneri consists of several identical epitopes  that were responsible for the similarity of the response profile in the cross-reactions of antibodies. 
Relationship between Cysteine, Interleukin (IL)-2, And Interleukin (IL)-10 in Children with Marasmus Type Malnutrition Wahyudi, Teguh; Puryatni, Anik; Hernowati, Tinny Endang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 6, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.01.10

Abstract

 Malnutrition is one of the health issues in developing countries. The most commonly found malnutrition is the marasmus type. Infection in marasmus patient is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In marasmus, there is a decrease in protein level such as cysteine which is one of the glutathione forming components that plays a significant role in immune system. In malnutrition, there is a disturbance of lymphocyte in the form of down-regulation of type 1 cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and up- regulation of type 2 cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10). IL-2 is needed for the development of regulatory T produced by thymus and for NK cell cytotoxicity which plays a role in infection process, while IL-10 inhibits activation of lymphocyte T so the cellular immunity reaction ends. Several studies about the relationship between cysteine, IL-2, and IL-10 have been done in malnutrition-patients, but there is no study focusing on patients with marasmus. This study is to find out the relationship between cysteine, IL-2, and IL-10 in patients with marasmus type malnutrition. This study was an observational analytic study using cross-sectional design consisting of 20 children with marasmus type malnutrition and 20 well-nourished children treated in Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang. The cysteine, IL-2, and IL-10 level then measured using Elisa method. Normality and the various test were done. The Pearson correlation test was done to find out the relationship between cysteine and IL-2 level, cysteine and IL-10 level, and IL-2 and IL-10. The standard of cysteine and IL-2 level in children with marasmus is significantly lower than the control group, which was 1.616 ± 1.039 vs 3.298 ± 0.519 pg/mL; p = 0.000 dan 12.38±4.94 vs. 16.58 ± 4.80 pg/mL;p = 0.010, respectively. IL-10 in children with marasmus was significantly higher than control group (19.08± 5.93 vs 10.46 ± 3.90 pg/mL; p = 0.000). The cysteine level was positively correlated to the IL-2 level (p = 0.000; r = 0.71), while the cysteine and IL-10, IL-2 and IL-10 was negatively correlated with p = 0.014; r= -0.53 and p=0.037; r= -0.46 in marasmus. There was a positive correlation between the cysteine and IL-2 level and negative correlation between IL-10 and IL-2 also IL-2 and IL-10 in children with marasmus. 
Co-Authors Alvi Milliana Anik Puryatni Atma Gunawan Aulanni'am, Aulanni'am Avin Ainur Fitrianingsih BR. Sijabat, Melda Fio Flora Chairinnisa, Elsa Safira Fauzi Ahmad Muda Helmin Elyani Elyani Hidayat Sujuti Lailia Nur Rachma Lirawati, Diana Loeki Enggar Fitri pertiwi, resti anggun Prawiro, Sumarno Reto Retty Ratnawati Sanarto Santoso Shintiya Dewi, Debby Sumarno . Teguh Wahyudi Titisari, Nurina Wiwi Jaya