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All Journal Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Jurnal Hortikultura Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan Atom Indonesia
A. Hidayat
Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Malang, Indones
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Energy Physics Veterinary

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THE CYANOGENIC POTENTIAL OF ROOTS AND LEAVES OF NINETY NINE CASSAVA CULTIVARS Hidayat, A.; Zuraida, N.; Hanarida, I.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 3, No 1 (2002): April 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Studies on cyanogenic potential (CP) of roots and leaves of Indonesian cassava germplasm are still inadequate in relation to food toxicity and on human health. The CP of leaves of 99 cassava cultivars was analyzed using picrate paper kits. Effort to reduce CP of cassava leaves by boiling them was also conducted. The results showed that roots and leaves had low and moderate level of CP. There was a significant correlation between the CP of leaves (Y) and roots (X) of 45 cassava cultivars with regression equation Y = 36.214 + 1.3085 X (r = 0.5228). The CP content was high in the young  leaves (241 ppm) and low in the older ones (99 ppm). The proximal portion of the roots had the highest CP content (300 ppm), and that in the distal end was the lowest (56 ppm). The root part close to cortex had highest CP content (550 ppm), whereas the central part was  the lowest (35 ppm). Boiling cassava leaves for 20 minutes significantly reduced the CP up to 75%, indicating that for safety, cassava should be completely processed or cooked. This study implied that CP content should be considered in cassava breeding programs. Forty two of 99 cassava cultivars have CP below 50 ppm which is safe for consumption.
Karakteristik Teknis Sistem Pertanaman Polikultur Sayuran Dataran Tinggi Adiyoga, Witono; Suherman, Rachman; Gunadi, Nikardi; Hidayat, A.
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 14, No 4 (2004): Desember 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di sentra produksi sayuran dataran tinggi Pangalengan, Jawa Barat pada bulan No vem ber2001. Observasi lapang dan survai for mal melalui wawancara dengan 23 orang petani responden diarahkan untukmemperoleh data/informasi dasar mencakup karakteristik teknis sistem pertanaman polikultur pada komunitassayuran dataran tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kecenderungan yang semakin meningkat dari penggunaansistem pertanaman polikultur. Kombinasi tanaman yang pal ing sering dipilih petani adalah cabai + petsai, kemudiandiikuti oleh tomat + petsai, cabai + siampo, kubis + petsai, dan cabai + kentang + petsai. Secara umum, pemilihan jenissayuran yang dikombinasikan telah sejalan dengan prinsip dasar polikultur yang mengisyaratkan maksimisasisinergisme dan minimisasi kompetisi antartanaman. Petani pada umumnya memilih tanaman kombinasi yangcenderung berumur lebih pendek dan memiliki kanopi lebih sempit dibandingkan dengan tanaman utama.Pengalaman petani mengindikasikan bahwa (a) tomat+petsai dikategorikan memiliki hubungan kompetitif, (b)cabai+petsai dikategorikan tidak saja memiliki hubungan komplementer, tetapi juga hubungan suplementer, (c)tomat+cabai, kentang+tomat, tomat+siampo, dikategorikan memiliki hubungan komplementer/kompetitif, dan (d)cabai+tomat dikategorikan memiliki hubungan suplementer/kompetitif. Kemungkinan kekurangan air ataukekeringan dipersepsi memiliki bobot pengaruh terpenting terhadap keberhasilan sistem pertanaman polikultur.Berdasarkan urutan kepentingannya, bobot pengaruh tersebut diikuti oleh curah hujan per tahun, efek naungan daritanaman lain yang dapat mengurangi radiasi sinar matahari, to tal kebutuhan air, curah hujan efektif per tahun dan efeklindungan. Dukungan hasil penelitian hulu yang bersifat teknis mencakup optimasi penataan spasial dan tem po ral(waktu tanam), optimasi kombinasi tanaman berdasarkan potensi sinergi dan kompetisi, seleksi, dan pemuliaantanaman spesifik untuk tumpangsari, aplikasi pemupukan dan pemulsaan, serta pengendalian hama penyakit secarabiologis, masih sangat diperlukan agar diperoleh suatu acuan atau bahan pembanding yang dapat digunakan untukmelakukan evaluasi, konfirmasi, dan pengembangan sistem polikultur lebih lanjut.Kata kunci: Polikultur; Sayuran dataran tinggi; Sinergisme; KompetisiAB STRACT. Adiyoga, W., R. Suherman, N. Gunadi, and A. Hidayat. 2004. Tech ni cal char ac ter is tics ofpolyculture sys tem of high land vegetables. This study was car ried out in No vem ber 2001, in the high land veg e ta blepro duc tion cen ter, Pangalengan, West Jawa. Field ob ser va tion and for mal sur vey to in ter view 23 re spon dents wereaimed to ob tain data tech ni cal char ac ter is tics of veg e ta ble mul ti plecrop ping sys tems in the high land. Re sults sug gestthat there is an in creas ing trend the use of multiplecropping by veg e ta ble farm ers. The most fre quent crop com bi na tioncho sen by farm ers is hot pep per + chi nese cab bage, fol lowed by to mato + chi nese cab bage, hot pep per + chi nese mus -tard, cab bage + chi nese cab bage, and hot pep per + po tato + chi nese cab bage. In gen eral, the choice of crop com bi na -tion has been in agree ment with the ba sic re quire ment of multiplecropping that is max i miz ing syn er gism, whilemin i miz ing com pe ti tion be tween crops. Farm ers usu ally choose a com pan ion crop that is early ma tur ing and haslower/smaller can opy than the main crop. Farm ers’ ex pe ri ence sug gests that (a) to mato+chi nese cab bage tends to havea com pet i tive re la tion ship, (b) hot pep per+chi nese cab bage, not only has a com ple men tary, but also a sup ple men taryre la tion ship, (c) to mato+hot pep per; po tato+to mato; and to mato+chi nese mus tard have a com ple men tary/com pet i tivere la tion ship, and (d) hot pep per+to mato has a sup ple men tary/com pet i tive re la tion ship. The pos si bil ity of wa ter short -age is per ceived to be the most sig nif i cant fac tor that may af fect the suc cess of multiplecropping sys tems. This is fol -lowed by other fac tors, such as rain fall per year, shad ing ef fect, to tal wa ter re quire ment, ef fec tive rain fall per year, andshel ter ef fect. The sup port of tech ni cal ba sic re search that in cludes the op ti mi za tion of spa tial and tem po ral ar range -ments, op ti mi za tion of crop com bi na tion that con sid ers syn er gism and com pe ti tion as pects, se lec tion of and breed ingof crop va ri et ies which are par tic u larly suited to mul ti ple crop ping, fer til iza tion and mulch ap pli ca tion, and biologicalpest and disease control, is still needed to establish a guidance for evaluating, con firm ing, and further developing theadvantages of multiplecropping sys tem.
Respons Pertumbuhan Cabai dan Selada terhadap Pemberian Pukan Kuda dan Pupuk Hayati Rosliani, R., A. Hidayat, dan A. A. Asandhi Rosliani, Rini; Hidayat, A.; Asandi, Azis Azirin
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 14, No 4 (2004): Desember 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

Percobaan dilaksanakan di Rumahkasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang 1.250 m dpl dari Juli 2001sampai Januari 2002. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaan pukan kuda dan pupuk hayati terhadappertumbuhan dan hasil sayuran cabai dan selada yang ditanam dalam pot. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan acaklengkap dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas pukan kuda 0,7 kg + 33 g NPK per pot (isi 10 kg) atau setara 20 t/ha+ pupuk NPK 1 t/ha sebagai kontrol, lima dosis pemberian pukan kuda tanpa pupuk NPK dan lima dosis pukan kuda +pupuk hayati (mikroba berguna: lactobacillus, mikoriza, dan saccharomyces) tanpa pupuk NPK. Dosis pukan kudayang digunakan yaitu 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 kg per pot atau setara 30, 60, 90, 120, dan 150 t/ha. Hasil percobaanmenunjukkan bahwa pemberian pukan kuda dan pupuk hayati meningkatkan tinggi tanaman dan hasil panen seladaserta meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, luas daun, biomassa tanaman, hasil buah cabai, serapan hara, dankandungan hara tanah. Pukan kuda 3 kg per pot (90 t/ha) atau 2 kg per pot (60 t/ha) dengan pupuk hayati merupakanperlakuan yang terbaik dalam menghasilkan buah cabai. Peningkatan hasil cabai pada kedua dosis tersebutmasing-masing adalah 1.316 dan 1.194% dibandingkan dengan kontrol (0,7 kg per pot pukan kuda + 33 g NPK atau 20t/ha pukan kuda + 1 t/ha pupuk NPK). Untuk tanaman selada, perlakuan terbaik adalah pukan kuda 1 kg per pot (30t/ha) atau meningkatkan 69% dibandingkan dengan kontrol (20 t/ha pukan kuda + pupuk NPK).Kata kunci : Cap si cum annuum; Lactuva sativa; Pukan kuda; Mikroba; Lactobacillus; Mikoriza; Saccharomyces;Kesuburan tanah; Pertumbuhan; HasilAB STRACT. Rosliani, R., A. Hidayat, and A.A. Asandhi. 2004. Re sponse of ap pli ca tion of horse ma nure andbiofertilizer on hot pep per and let tuce growth. Ex per i ment was con ducted in a Screenhouse of In do ne sian Veg e ta -bles Re search In sti tute, 1,250 m asl, from July 2001 un til Jan u ary 2002. The ob jec tive of the ex per i ment was to findout the per for mance of or ganic mat ter and biofertilizer in put on the growth and the yield of hot pep per and let tuceplanted in the pot. The ex per i men tal de sign used was com pletely ran dom ized de sign with three rep li ca tions. The treat -ments con sist of ap pli ca tion of 0.7 kg horse ma nure + 33 g NPK per pot (con tent of 10 kg) or about 20 t/ha or ganic mat -ter + 1 t/ha NPK, five kinds ap pli ca tion of horse ma nure with out syn thetic anorganic fer til izer (NPK), and five kindsap pli ca tion of horse ma nure + biofertilizer (ben e fi cial mi crobe: lactobacillus, my cor rhi za, and saccharomyces) with -out syn thetic anorganic fer til izer (NPK). Dos age of horse ma nure was 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kg per pot or about 30, 60, 90,120, and 150 t/ha. The re sults showed that ap pli ca tion of horse ma nure and biofertilizer in creased plant height andyield of let tuce and in creased plant height, leaf area, plant bio mass, yield of hot pep per, its nu tri ent up take, and soil nu -tri ent con tent. Horse ma nure sin gly at 3 kg per pot (90 t/ha) or 2 kg per pot (60 t/ha) + biofertilizer were the best treat -ment in terms of yield of hot pep per. These two dos ages could in crease hot pep per yield by 1,316 and 1,194%,re spec tively, com pared to con trol (0.7 kg horse ma nure per pot + 33 g NPK per pot or about 20 t/ha horse ma nure + 1t/ha NPK). The best treat ment for let tuce yield was 1kg/pot horse ma nure or 30 t/ha horse ma nure). The yield in creasewas 69% com pared to con trol (0.7 kg horse ma nure per pot + 33 g NPK per pot or about 20 t/ha horse ma nure +anorganic NPK fer til izer).
KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH FISIKA PADA MODELING INSTRUCTION PADA SISWA SMA KELAS XI Sujarwanto, E.; Hidayat, A.; -, Wartono
Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia Vol 3, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan IPA Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpii.v3i1.2903

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemecahan masalah fisika siswa dalam modeling instruction. Penelitian ini menggunakan mixed method desain embedded experimental model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan modeling instruction meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah fisika dibandingkan pembelajaran konvensional. Hal ini karena modeling instruction menekankan pada pembangunan pemahaman konsep melalui pemodelan yang ditunjukkan dengan diagram, grafik, dan gambar sebelum siswa menyajikan dalam representasi matematis. Modeling instruction memfasilitasi siswa dalam mengkonstruksi pengetahuan dan pemecahan masalah melalui kegiatan yang ilmiah. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah fisika siswa lebih baik setelah belajar dengan modeling instruction. Perkembangan kemampuan pemecahan masalah fisika siswa setelah belajar dengan modeling instruction ditunjukkan dengan perkembangan yang lebih baik dalam mengenali masalah berdasarkan konsep, membuat representasi dari masalah, dan evaluasi terhadap solusi dan konsep yang digunakan. Kegiatan modeling instruction yaitu seperti meminta siswa memberikan penjelasan konseptual terhadap pendapat dan jawaban secara lisan atau tulis dan pemberian masalah untuk dikelompokkan berdasarkan konsep mampu memberikan alternatif lain dalam penilaian dari hanya sekedar paper and pencil test. The purpose of this study was to determine the students’ problem-solving ability in modeling the physics instruction. This study used a mixed method design of embedded experimental models. The results showed a modeling instruction improves problem-solving ability than conventional learning physics. This is because the modeling instruction emphasizes the development of conceptual understanding through modeling that indicated by diagrams, graphs, and images before the student presents the mathematical representation. Modeling instruction facilitates students in constructing knowledge and solving problems through scientific activities. Physics students’ problem solving skills through learning by modeling instruction. The development of problem-solving ability of students after studying physics at modeling the instruction indicated by the development of better identify problems based on the concept , making the representation of the problem , and the evaluation of the solutions and concepts used. Activity modeling instruction is like asking students to give a conceptual explanation of the opinions and answer orally or in writing and giving problems to be grouped based on the concept able to provide another alternative in the assessment of just a paper and pencil test.
KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH FISIKA PADA MODELING INSTRUCTION PADA SISWA SMA KELAS XI Sujarwanto, E.; Hidayat, A.; Wartono, W.
Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia Vol 3, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan IPA Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpii.v3i1.2903

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemecahan masalah fisika siswa dalam modeling instruction. Penelitian ini menggunakan mixed method desain embedded experimental model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan modeling instruction meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah fisika dibandingkan pembelajaran konvensional. Hal ini karena modeling instruction menekankan pada pembangunan pemahaman konsep melalui pemodelan yang ditunjukkan dengan diagram, grafik, dan gambar sebelum siswa menyajikan dalam representasi matematis. Modeling instruction memfasilitasi siswa dalam mengkonstruksi pengetahuan dan pemecahan masalah melalui kegiatan yang ilmiah. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah fisika siswa lebih baik setelah belajar dengan modeling instruction. Perkembangan kemampuan pemecahan masalah fisika siswa setelah belajar dengan modeling instruction ditunjukkan dengan perkembangan yang lebih baik dalam mengenali masalah berdasarkan konsep, membuat representasi dari masalah, dan evaluasi terhadap solusi dan konsep yang digunakan. Kegiatan modeling instruction yaitu seperti meminta siswa memberikan penjelasan konseptual terhadap pendapat dan jawaban secara lisan atau tulis dan pemberian masalah untuk dikelompokkan berdasarkan konsep mampu memberikan alternatif lain dalam penilaian dari hanya sekedar paper and pencil test. The purpose of this study was to determine the students’ problem-solving ability in modeling the physics instruction. This study used a mixed method design of embedded experimental models. The results showed a modeling instruction improves problem-solving ability than conventional learning physics. This is because the modeling instruction emphasizes the development of conceptual understanding through modeling that indicated by diagrams, graphs, and images before the student presents the mathematical representation. Modeling instruction facilitates students in constructing knowledge and solving problems through scientific activities. Physics students’ problem solving skills through learning by modeling instruction. The development of problem-solving ability of students after studying physics at modeling the instruction indicated by the development of better identify problems based on the concept , making the representation of the problem , and the evaluation of the solutions and concepts used. Activity modeling instruction is like asking students to give a conceptual explanation of the opinions and answer orally or in writing and giving problems to be grouped based on the concept able to provide another alternative in the assessment of just a paper and pencil test.
Science Teachers’ Understanding on Science Literacy and Integrated Science Learning: Lesson from Teachers Training Rubini, B.; Ardianto, D.; Pursitasari, I. D.; Hidayat, A.
Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia Vol 7, No 3 (2018): September 2018
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan IPA Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpii.v7i3.11443

Abstract

One of the weaknesses of secondary science teachers today is the lack of ability to develop integrated science learning. Descriptive study, followed by developmental research has been done to determine the factors that caused the weakness, to find the right solution. In addition, the research that involving 25 teachers as subject, has also examined how far the treatment can be able to overcome the problems. The descriptive research shows that almost all of teachers did not have skillful on how to teach science in integrated way. This is because all of teacher's background is not from fully integrated science education. Most of them came from biology, physics and chemistry education. They have actually attended the training (arranged by government) on integrated science teaching, but it apparently have not succeeded. The eight steps of learning approach has been developed and implemented along the training: (1) Building common perception on science literacy, (2) integrated science analysis based on current curriculum and lesson analysis, (3) presentation, (4) designing lesson plan in groups, (5) simulation, (6) designing lesson plan individually, (7) evaluation-reflection, and (8) rewards. After the treatment, the teacher's ability to develop the lesson plans eventually improves much better as well as the understanding on integrated science concepts. Only three teachers have to follow remediation in making lesson plan because they still not fulfill requirement of graduation (minimum 80% achievement of conceptual understand, performance, and lesson plan product).
The Effectiveness of Creative Problem Solving-Flipped Classroom for Enhancing Students' Creative Thinking Skills of Online Physics Educational Learning Rahayu, S.; Setyosari, P.; Hidayat, A.; Kuswandi, D.
Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia Vol 11, No 4 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan IPA Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpii.v11i4.39709

Abstract

Physics science differs from other educational programs. As a natural science subject, this study program has many mathematical formulas, complex scientific laws, theorems, and scientific postulates. This study program needs creative thinking skills since physics learning is related to creativity in solving scientific problems. CPS (Creative Problem Solving) and flipped classrooms are some efforts to increase creative thinking skills. In Indonesia, COVID-19 is the main reason for conducting online learning. However, there is no supporting information about the effectiveness of CPS and flipped classrooms as methods for online physics learning in university. Thus, this study aims to identify the effectiveness of CPS–flipped classrooms assisted by videos in enhancing university students' creative thinking skills for online learning. The study participants were university students from the Physics Education Study Program (population = 66 students, random cluster sampling for the sampling method) of Mataram University. They were divided into the control and experimental or treatment groups. This study used a pre-test and post-test group design (seven description questions). All questions were validated and reliable. All data were analyzed using an N-gain score and t-test. The results show that the N-gain score is in the medium zone. The data were normally and homogeneously distributed. The analysis result using the t-test shows that the addition of flipped classrooms is more effective than the control group (CPS only). CPS-flipped classroom performs better than CPS, proving the ability of flipped classrooms as the alternative method in online learning.
Evaluation of Tumor Control Probability and Normal Tissue Complication Probability of Breast Cancer Treatment Plan in Post Mastectomy Radiation Therapy Herwiningsih, S.; Yuana, F.; Latifah, R.; Hidayat, A.; Rahmahtullah, D. P.; Alviani, I.; Hentihu, F. K.
Atom Indonesia Vol 50, No 2 (2024): AUGUST 2024
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/aij.2024.1423

Abstract

Radiotherapy has been widely used to treat cancer, including breast cancer treatment, which can be given after patients undergo mastectomy procedures. This study aims to evaluate tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment planning in post-mastectomy breast cancer radiation therapy. Twenty clinical breast cancer treatment plans delivered using 3DCRT were evaluated retrospectively. The IMRT plans were created for the same patients. The dose-volume histograms of each plan were extracted from the Treatment Planning System (TPS) computer which were then used to compute the TCP and NTCP for each plan. The TCP was calculated using the Poisson model and the NTCP was calculated using the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) model. The NTCP was calculated for normal lung tissue, heart, esophagus, and spinal cord. The results show that the TCP of the 3DCRT and IMRT plans are not significantly different, with a value of above 99 %. The NTCP of the left lung is lower in the IMRT plans while the NTCP of the esophagus is lower in the 3DCRT plans. The NTCP for the heart, spinal cord, and right normal lung are zero in all plans.
Analisis Pendapatan dan Optimalisasi Input Peternak Sapi Potong Rakyat Binaan Sarjana Membangun Desa Wirausahawan Pendamping (Smdwp) yang Berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Sukmayadi, K.; Ismail, A.; Hidayat, A.
Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan
Publisher : Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University in associated with Animal Scientist's Society of Indonesia (HILPI)

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Abstract

This research aims to estimate income, return-cost ratio (R/C ratio) and input optimization of Sarjana Membangun Desa Wirausahawan Pendamping (SMDWP) assited beef cattle farmers in Tasikmalaya District with different business systems, mainly to observe internalization of externalities by integrating waste management system into their business system. Data collection was conducted in September and October 2016 at SMDWP asissited beef cattle farmers groups in Tasikmalaya District. Quantitative reseach, in which the data were analyzed with statistical analysis by calculating the average income, R/C ratio and Cobb Douglass regression function to observe input optimization. Data collection conducted by census. The results of this research suggest that the highest income estimation and R/C ratio was beef cattle fattening farmers with integrated waste management system which cattle ownership is above 5 AU more, which is Rp.10.275.000 /month and 2,301 respectively. The lowest income estimation and R/C ratio was beef cattle breeding farmers without integrated waste management system which cattle ownership between 3-4 AU, which is Rp.454.127/month and 1,125 respectively. Factors that technically affect the production function was the amount of forages, amount of concentrate feeds, initial cattle weight, cattle breeds. Input application in the beef cattle farming at SMDWP fostered beef cattle farmers groups in Tasikmalaya District are not optimized, which is the amount of forages, amount of concentrate feeds, and initial cattle weight.
Co-Authors Ade Ismail Alviani, I. Azis Azirin Asandi B. Rubini, B. D. Ardianto, D. E. Sujarwanto Hentihu, F. K. Herwiningsih, S. I. D. Pursitasari I. Hanarida Kuswandi, D. Latifah, R. N. Zuraida Nikardi Gunadi Rachman Suherman Rahmahtullah, D. P. Rini Rosliani S. Rahayu, S. Setyosari, P. Sukmayadi, K. Wartono Wartono Witono Adiyoga Yuana, F.