Moch. Nur Ichwan
the State Islamic University (UIN) of Sunan Kalijaga - Yogyakarta

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The Existence of Non-Muslim Minorities in Aceh Indonesia: A Study of Civil and Police Institutions Mustaqilla, Safira; Abdullah, Irwan; Ichwan, Moch. Nur; Lailatussaadah, Lailatussaadah
Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam Vol 8, No 1 (2024): Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam
Publisher : Islamic Family Law Department, Sharia and Law Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/sjhk.v8i1.17386

Abstract

The implementation of Islamic law in Aceh had impact for the existence of non-Muslim minority groups. Even though they are guaranteed freedom to worship, harmony and protected, and can live side by side with the Aceh society, on the other hand, they are also feeling the impact of sharia. These implications are experienced by Christian women, not only among civil groups, but also police institutions. This article aims to complement the shortcomings of previous research, by mapping the relationships that existed between Muslim and non-Muslim groups in Aceh during the implementation of Islamic sharia. The research question is, how do these implications occur and why public space is limited for them. This research was conducted in Banda Aceh involving six informants and some were women, civil society groups and several police institutions, namely three Christian policewomen, through in-depth interviews and using several references related to the research subject. The results of the study indicated that, first, there are social spaces that have an impact on non-Muslim groups because they live in areas of Islamic sharia that require them to receive these regulations, such as the obligation to wear the veil for students, teachers and policewomen in police agencies. Then, there are limited facilities for worship, including for policewomen to provide spiritual guidance. Apart from that, there is little access to public space in government, which occurs among non-Muslim minority children who would like to develop their talents, as well as employees and in police agencies who could not develop their careers perfectly. This happens because they cannot have opportunities like the people of Aceh who are the "hosts". In this case, the government must be able to harmonize laws, including for minority groups in Aceh. It is hoped that the results of this research could adding references regarding the importance of increasing awareness and fostering the values of tolerance.
Reshaping Islamic Knowledge, Advocating Wasaṭism: The Azharites and the Transformation of Urban Religious Learning in Banda Aceh, Indonesia Ichwan, Moch. Nur; Shadiqin, Sehat Ihsan; Mujtahid, Mujtahid
Ulumuna Vol 29 No 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/ujis.v29i1.1391

Abstract

This article examines the significant role of the Azharites (Al-Azhar alumni) in reshaping Islamic knowledge alongside the transformation of urban religious learning in Banda Aceh over the past two decades. The study highlights their contributions to disseminating Islamic knowledge through platforms like the Middle East Alumni Association (Ikatan Alumni Timur Tengah—IKAT), advanced reading communities, mosques, coffee shops, and mass/social media. They have facilitated public learning in classical Islamic knowledge, such as tafsīr, taḥsin al-Qur’an, ḥadīth, fiqh, uṣūl al-fiqh, ʿaqīdah, sīrah, and mawārith by introducing not only basic and intermediate but also advanced religious texts. Furthermore, the Azharites have promoted also Wasaṭism (wasaṭiyyah, moderation) in the understanding of Islam, rooted in Shafi'ite-Ash'arite traditions, while incorporating texts from other madhhabs, such as the Hanafite, Hanbalite, and Malikite schools, in comparative way. Their approach distinguishes them from both the strict madhhabism and the anti-madhhabism of Salafi-Wahhabism and radical Islamism. The study concludes that the Azharites have contributed to the discursive democratization and reform, which have resulted in the reshaping of Islamic knowledge in Banda Aceh—and Aceh province in general—and the moderation of madhhabism, by introducing Wasaṭism and fostering alternative urban religious learning.
Social Labeling, Power, and Deviancy Amplification: Community Stigmatization of Migrant Residents in Adultery Cases in Banda Aceh Mujtahid, Mujtahid; Sodiqin, Ali; Ichwan, Moch. Nur
Journal of Islamic Law Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Islamic Law
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24260/jil.v6i2.3754

Abstract

Existing research on social labeling in adultery (zinā) cases in Aceh remains limited, particularly in exploring how local power dynamics shape processes of stigmatization. This article examines how the social labeling of migrant residents (ureung tamong) accused of zinā operates as a mechanism of social control that reinforces the dominance of local residents (asoe lhok), while media exposure intensifies stigma through deviancy amplification. Employing a legal anthropological approach, the article is based on three months of fieldwork in Banda Aceh, involving participant observation, in-depth interviews with ten key informants—including village authorities, community leaders, law enforcement officers, and local residents—and analysis of relevant online and social media content. The findings reveal that social labeling in zinā cases is driven not only by religious and customary norms but also by underlying community power structures, rendering ureung tamong significantly more vulnerable to public exposure and social sanctions than asoe lhok. Additionally, digital media exacerbates the amplification of deviance, resulting in prolonged social exclusion of individuals who have already faced customary or formal legal punishment. The persistence of digital records further obstructs their reintegration into society. This article contends that social labeling functions not merely as a tool of moral regulation but also as a strategy for maintaining the dominance of powerful groups within the community. It concludes by calling for more inclusive media practices and legal policies to prevent the prolonged social and psychological marginalization of individuals in zinā cases who have fulfilled their legal obligations. [Penelitian mengenai pelabelan sosial dalam kasus perzinaan di Aceh masih terbatas, khususnya dalam menelaah bagaimana dinamika kekuasaan lokal membentuk proses stigmatisasi. Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana pelabelan sosial terhadap pendatang (ureung tamong) yang diduga melakukan zina berfungsi sebagai mekanisme kontrol sosial yang memperkuat dominasi penduduk lokal (asoe lhok), serta bagaimana eksposur media memperparah stigma melalui amplifikasi penyimpangan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan antropologi hukum, artikel ini didasarkan pada kerja lapangan selama tiga bulan di Banda Aceh, yang meliputi observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam dengan sepuluh informan kunci—terdiri dari aparatur desa, tokoh masyarakat, aparat penegak hukum, dan warga lokal—serta analisis terhadap konten media daring dan media sosial yang relevan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pelabelan sosial dalam kasus zina tidak semata-mata dipengaruhi oleh norma agama dan adat, tetapi juga oleh struktur kekuasaan di dalam komunitas, sehingga ureung tamong jauh lebih rentan terhadap eksposur publik dan sanksi sosial dibandingkan asoe lhok. Selain itu, media digital memperburuk amplifikasi penyimpangan, yang berujung pada pengucilan sosial berkepanjangan terhadap individu yang telah menjalani sanksi adat maupun hukum formal. Keberadaan jejak digital yang terus bertahan semakin menghambat proses reintegrasi sosial mereka. Artikel ini menegaskan bahwa pelabelan sosial berfungsi tidak hanya sebagai alat regulasi moral, tetapi juga sebagai strategi untuk mempertahankan dominasi kelompok yang berkuasa di dalam komunitas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan adanya kebijakan media dan hukum yang lebih inklusif guna mencegah marginalisasi sosial dan psikologis yang berkelanjutan terhadap individu dalam kasus zina yang telah menjalani sanksinya.]
Forbidden Visibility: Queer Activism, Shari‘a Sphere and Politics of Sexuality in Aceh Ichwan, Moch. Nur
Studia Islamika Vol. 28 No. 2 (2021): Studia Islamika
Publisher : Center for Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36712/sdi.v28i2.15030

Abstract

This article aims to explain why organized queer activism emerged in Aceh, but could endure only in about six years (from 2008 to 2014). It is argued that this has mainly caused by massive expansion of ‘shari‘a spheres’ since 2001 supported by national and local government and parliament legal-political back up and societal religio-cultural forces on the one hand, and weak nature of the queer movements as counterpublics, characterized with the inadequate resources mobilization, especially in leadership and in getting support from its social movement communities during the crises on the other hand. Shari‘a, which is heteronormative, have been used as discursive and embodied disciplinary power of sexuality for normalizing and excluding the queer (including lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender/LGBT). Their organized visibility triggered the issuance of the Qanun Jinayah in 2014, which includes punishment for same-sex activities. It caused them to dissolve their own queer organizations.