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Book Review: “Muslim Minority-State Relations (Violence, Integration and Policy) The Executive Summary: Robert Mason, First Published 2016 by. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016 Mustaqilla, Safira
Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam
Publisher : Islamic Family Law Department, Sharia and Law Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/sjhk.v1i2.2382

The book under the auspices of the modern Muslim world in a tittle â€œMuslim Minority-State Relations: Violence, Integration and Policyâ€, described on the minority Muslim community before the government 11 september, and thereafter. Before the reign of 11 September, the government does not target minority Muslim community with a comprehensive policy that aims to foster multiculturalism, integration and social cohesion. But in the last decade all of has changed.Now Muslims are confronted by the global issue of radicalization, the legitimacy of actors Muslims and Islam to be a challenge to traditional national identity. The issue is more visible in 2015 when the conflict in Syria, and instability in other parts of the Middle East and Africa has sparked a new case of terrorism in Europe carried out by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. More than 350,000 migrants were on the border of the EU between January and August 2015, more than the total figure for 2014. Germany alone, expects to receive 800,000 refugees and asylum-seekers in 2015, four times in 2014.That glimpse of the picture presented by Robert Mason about the situation of Muslim minorities in some parts of the western countries and the Middle East. This book consists of eight chapters. Each chapter is summarized well by the writer. each contents highlight about the position of minorities and their involvement in the public sphere. The authors describe a wide range of minority issues from different countries, with several cases of violence and the restrictions experienced by minorities. This book is very helpful, because it contains a variety of information that is current and up to date, about the state of minorities in various countries around the globe. And this book is the first edition in 2016.

OBEDIENCE OF NON MUSLIM POLICEWOMEN IN ACEH IN WEARING THE VEIL UNIFORM Safira Mustaqilla
Islam Futura Vol 21, No 2 (2021): Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/jiif.v21i2.5806

This study examines the compliance of 3 non-Muslim policewomen in three police institutions, in Ditlantas Aceh Regional Police, Jaya Baru and Baiturrahman Sector Police Banda Aceh, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Indonesia. The main focus of this research is to explore the compliance of the 3 policewomen in wearing the veil uniforms. This research employed a qualitative method by examining case studies. The results of this study indicate that, there are several factors caused the obedience of 3 non Muslim policewomen officers in wearing the veil uniform, namely, first, adjusting to the office environment, second, respecting to the Islamic Sharia, the third, adhering to seniors and commanders. This article put the theory of Bourdieu. It related to compliance in accordance with the socio-cultural Aceh society and although the practice produces a variety of habits and conditions, but these three policewomen feel comfortable. This fact unconciously produce the Doxa, in which generated into an attitude of mutual respect, maintaining the tolerance and harmony for all parties, without distinguishing between ethnicities and the faith. The concept of obedience can be applied to shape the disciplined character, responsible and able to result the peaceful sphere.

Diskresi dan Negara Hukum: Mewujudkan Hukum Berkeadilan Masyarakat Murdan Murdan; Safira Mustaqilla
Legitimasi: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Politik Hukum Vol 11, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Islamic Criminal Law Department, Faculty of Sharia and Law, UIN Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/legitimasi.v11i1.12458

Abstract: This study analyzes the discretionary policy in the civil law system prevailing in Indonesia. In a state law system, implementing laws and regulations are often faced with not applying the rule of law and even legal decisions occur. The result of the failure that occurred in realizing government programs aimed at the welfare of the community. On the one hand, state officials, state employees, and state officials are not allowed to act differently from the legal rules that have been passed by the state. But on the other hand, the desire to uphold justice and the welfare of the people sometimes clashes with the rules, procedures, and legal provisions that already exist legally. the advantages of the positive and negative sides of the Civil Law-based legal system, countries that adhere to the Civil Law system then introduce the concept of discretion. This study uses a normative-juridical method. The results of the analysis of literature data show that through discretionary policies, governments, state officials, and state administrators can guarantee people's welfare, justice, and truth.Abstrak: Studi ini menganalisis kebijakan diskresi dalam sistem hukum sipil yang berlaku di Indonesia. Dalam sistem negara hukum, pelaksana peraturan perundang-undangan sering dihadapkan pada tidak tegasnya aturan hukum dan bahkan terjadi kekosongan hukum. Akibatnya terjadi kesulitan dalam merealisasikan program pemerintah yang bertujuan untuk mensejahterakan masyarakat. Di satu sisi pejabat negara, pegawai negara, dan penyelenggara negara tidak diperkenankan bertindak berbeda dari aturan hukum yang sudah disahkan oleh negara. Namun sisi lain, keinginan untuk mempercepat keadilan dan kesejahteraan rakyat terkadang berbenturan dengan aturan, prosedur, dan ketentuan hukum yang sudah memiliki daya ikat secara legalistik. Menyadari sisi positif dan negatif dari sistem hukum berbasis Civil Law tersebut, negara-negara yang menganut sistem Civil Law kemudian memperkenalkan konsep tentang diskresi. Studi ini menggunakan metode normatif-yuridis. Hasil analisis data kepustakaan menunjukkan bahwa melalui kebijakan diskresi, para pemerintah, pejabat negara, dan penyelenggara negara dapat mempercepat kesejahteraan rakyat, keadilan, dan kebenaran.

KONSEP JIZYAH DALAM PANDANGAN IBN RUSYD AL-QURṬUBĪ (Analisis Perspektif Siyāsah Māliyah) Juliani; Safira Mustaqilla
As-Siyadah : Jurnal Politik dan Hukum Tata Negara Vol 1 No 1 (2022): September As-Siyadah : Jurnal Politik dan Hukum Tata Negara
Publisher : Prodi Hukum Tata Negara (Siyasah)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (932.374 KB)

Konsep jizyah dalam kajian hukum Islam termasuk dalam hukum pemerintahan, yaitu kewajiban kafir żimmi untuk mengeluarkan sebagian hartanya pada negara sebagai jaminan keamanan dan keselamatan. Para ulama masih belum padu dalam menetapkan hukum jizyah. Pada penelitian ini secara khusus membahas pendapatIbn Rusyd Al-Qurṭubī. Adapun permasalahan yang diajukan ialah bagaimanakah pandangan Ibn Rusyd Al-Qurṭubī tentang konsep jizyah, dan bagaimana tinjauan siyāsah māliyah terhadap pelaksanaan jizyah dilihat dari pandangan Ibn Rusyd Al-Qurṭubī? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan dan pendekatan normatif, data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan Deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa di dalam pandangan Ibn Rusyd Al-Qurṭubī, konsep jizyah termasuk perkara yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah. Kewajiban jizyah diberlakukan pada orang kafir, baik ahl al-kitab (Yahudi dan Nasrani) dan musyrik (politeisme), termasuk kepada orang Majusi. Syarat-syaratnya adalah status mereka adalah kafir zimmi (ahlu żimmah), bukan kafir harbi, laki-laki yang merdeka dan baligh. Adapun jenis jizyah menurut Ibn Rusyd ada dua, yaitu jizyah ṣhulhiyyah dan jizyah ‘unwiyyah. Pelaksanaan jizyah menurut pandangan Ibn Rusyd Al-Qurṭubī sesuai dengan tinjauan siyāsah al-māliyah. Kebijakan pemerintah yang mewajibkan kafir żimmi mengeluarkan jizyah adalah bagian dari jenis kebijakan yang sifatnya politis menyangkut harta (maliyah), harta jizyah menjadi khas negara untuk kepentingan kemaslahatan rakyat, baik muslim maupun non-Muslim (kafir).

THE LAW OF CASH PAYMENT ACCORDING TO SHARIA ECONOMIC LAW: A Study of Building Tool Shops In Shiah Kuala Sub-District Banda Aceh Muhammad Ikram; Safira Mustaqilla; Riadhus Sholihin
JURISTA: Jurnal Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): JURISTA: Jurnal Hukum dan Keadilan
Publisher : Centre for Adat and Legal Studies of Aceh Province (CeFALSAP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1234/jurista.v4i1.14

UD Banda Electric building shop and Raseuki Ilham building shop are building shops in the Syiah Kuala sub-district of Banda Aceh City that use the cash tempo payment system. In the sales practices of the two building shops, there is uncertainty about the price of the time the price of goods increases from the original price so that it is at risk of buyer losses. This study aims to see how the practice of buying and selling by means of cash tempo at building stores in the Syiah Kuala sub-district of Banda Aceh, according to fiqh muamalah. The type of research is qualitative research research. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out by means of interviews and observations. The results of the study found that the sale and purchase system that uses cash tempo payments at the two building stores contains elements of gharar or uncertainty. This makes the legal requirements of buying and selling not fully fulfilled because there is a defect in the conditions, namely in the uncertainty of the price of goods. This uncertainty is found in the increase in the price of goods determined so that the seller does not suffer losses. The increase in the price of the goods is not certain to increase, but the seller still raises the price. So in this case the sale and purchase practices carried out in the two building shops have not fulfilled the legal requirements of buying and selling.

THE SALE AND PURCHASE OF FURNITURE WITH ISTISNA' CONTRACT ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC LAW: A Case Study in Sukakarya Sub-District, Sabang Aris Munandar; Safira Mustaqilla
JURISTA: Jurnal Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): JURISTA: Jurnal Hukum dan Keadilan
Publisher : Centre for Adat and Legal Studies of Aceh Province (CeFALSAP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1234/jurista.v6i1.18

The sale and purchase of furniture in Sukakarya Subdistrict, Sabang is generally carried out by means of an order (istiṣnā'). The problems in this study are how the practice of buying and selling furniture in Sukakarya Subdistrict, Sabang, and how Islamic Law views the delay in the delivery of goods in the istiṣnā' contract in buying and selling furniture in Sukakarya Subdistrict, Sabang. The results of this study show that order buying is permissible as long as all the conditions and pillars are fulfilled. The delay in delivery of goods in the sale and purchase of furniture in Sukakarya Subdistrict, Sabang is a violation of the sale and purchase agreement. The sale and purchase agreement is clear and agreed upon by both parties, but one of the parties, namely the seller, does not fulfil his obligations (does not deliver the goods at the specified time). According to Islamic law in this sale and purchase, the seller is obliged to deliver the goods even if he has to delay it temporarily. Delaying the delivery of goods is allowed if the person is in a difficult situation, then a time limit can be given according to the agreement.

RISK COVERAGE FINES FOR MURABAHA FINANCING AT PT. FEDERAL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE BANDA ACEH BRANCH Safira Mustaqilla; Miftahul Jannah; Shabarullah
JURISTA: Jurnal Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 3 No. 2 (2019): JURISTA: Jurnal Hukum dan Keadilan
Publisher : Centre for Adat and Legal Studies of Aceh Province (CeFALSAP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1234/jurista.v3i2.34

This article aims to examine the concept of fines on credit financing using the Murabahan contract at PT Federal International Finance Banda Aceh Branch, Indonesia. The research approach used is conceptual and legislative approach, the type of research used is normative juridical. The results showed that the basis for determining the penalty imposed by PT FIF based on fatwa NO.17/DSN-MUI/IX/2000 is because the debtor is able to make payments but delays payment, this aims to deter the debtor in default. Then from its practice in taking profits it does not use interest but PT FIF tells the amount of profit margin obtained by PT FIF as the financing party, the amount of margin in this case has certainly been agreed by both parties in the agreement, but the fine at PT FIF has been applied at the beginning of the contract which makes the fine haram because it does not meet the requirements of the scholars' opinions in Fiqh Muamalah that fines cannot be required at the beginning of the contract.

PENERAPAN PRINSIP PRUDENTIAL BANKING PADA PEMBIAYAAN KREDIT USAHA RAKYAT MIKRO: STUDI PADA BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA CABANG BANDA ACEH Azkal Azkia; Safira Mustaqilla
Al-Mudharabah: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah Vol 5 No 1 (2024): Al-Mudharabah: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah
Publisher : Prodi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, UIN Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/al-mudharabah.v5i1.4540

Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) is a credit facility to middle to lower class customers that issued by banking industries in Indonesia, which focusses on aspects of livestock, trade, and agriculture. PT Bank Syariah Indonesia, Banda Aceh is one of bank company which issues this product and always applies prudent banking principles, especially in financing. The application of the prudential principle is carried out starting from the beginning of the debtor applying for credit analysis of KUR financing until the financing is paid off. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive approach through case studies. The result finds that the application of prudential banking principles applied to the company can be seen from the various provisions set by Bank Indonesia. The provisions of the prudential principle are the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), namely the maximum credit provision (Maximum Lending Limit), the allowance for productive asset liabilities, and the provisions that regulate banking itself. The company can be seen from non-performing loans, it seems that their non-performing loans originated from year to year are increasing even though they have implemented the prudential principle, but there are still non-performing loans.

The Existence of Non-Muslim Minorities in Aceh Indonesia: A Study of Civil and Police Institutions Mustaqilla, Safira; Abdullah, Irwan; Ichwan, Moch. Nur; Lailatussaadah, Lailatussaadah
Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam Vol 8, No 1 (2024): Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam
Publisher : Islamic Family Law Department, Sharia and Law Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/sjhk.v8i1.17386

The implementation of Islamic law in Aceh had impact for the existence of non-Muslim minority groups. Even though they are guaranteed freedom to worship, harmony and protected, and can live side by side with the Aceh society, on the other hand, they are also feeling the impact of sharia. These implications are experienced by Christian women, not only among civil groups, but also police institutions. This article aims to complement the shortcomings of previous research, by mapping the relationships that existed between Muslim and non-Muslim groups in Aceh during the implementation of Islamic sharia. The research question is, how do these implications occur and why public space is limited for them. This research was conducted in Banda Aceh involving six informants and some were women, civil society groups and several police institutions, namely three Christian policewomen, through in-depth interviews and using several references related to the research subject. The results of the study indicated that, first, there are social spaces that have an impact on non-Muslim groups because they live in areas of Islamic sharia that require them to receive these regulations, such as the obligation to wear the veil for students, teachers and policewomen in police agencies. Then, there are limited facilities for worship, including for policewomen to provide spiritual guidance. Apart from that, there is little access to public space in government, which occurs among non-Muslim minority children who would like to develop their talents, as well as employees and in police agencies who could not develop their careers perfectly. This happens because they cannot have opportunities like the people of Aceh who are the "hosts". In this case, the government must be able to harmonize laws, including for minority groups in Aceh. It is hoped that the results of this research could adding references regarding the importance of increasing awareness and fostering the values of tolerance.

THE APPLICATION OF PRUDENTIAL PRINCIPLES IN MICRO BUSINESS CREDIT FINANCING AT BANK INDONESIA SYARIAH Azkal Azkia; Mustaqilla, Safira
Al-Mudharabah: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Al-Mudharabah: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah
Publisher : Prodi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, UIN Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/al-mudharabah.v5i1.4540

Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) is a credit facility to middle to lower class customers that issued by banking industries in Indonesia, which focusses on aspects of livestock, trade, and agriculture. PT Bank Syariah Indonesia, Banda Aceh is one of bank company which issues this product and always applies prudent banking principles, especially in financing. The application of the prudential principle is carried out starting from the beginning of the debtor applying for credit analysis of KUR financing until the financing is paid off. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive approach through case studies. The result finds that the application of prudential banking principles applied to the company can be seen from the various provisions set by Bank Indonesia. The provisions of the prudential principle are the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), namely the maximum credit provision (Maximum Lending Limit), the allowance for productive asset liabilities, and the provisions that regulate banking itself. The company can be seen from non-performing loans, it seems that their non-performing loans originated from year to year are increasing even though they have implemented the prudential principle, but there are still non-performing loans.

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