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Pengaruh perminyakan terhadap pengecatan dasar Heru Budi Susanto; Titik Purwati Widowati; Hasan B Hasan B
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 12, No 23 (1997): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of the fatliquor agents on the color of the crust. Materials used on this experiment were 30 pieces of half skin, grade I – II with 0.6 – 0.7 mm in their thickness. Two types of fatliquor agents used in this experiment, there were synthetic (MI) and natural fatliquor agents (M2). Each fatliquor agents were 12% (w/w) on shave weight and dye use 2% (w/w)) on cruct weight. The results of this experiment showed that the type of fatliquor agents used influence the color of the dyed crust. All the color of the crust using natural fatliquor are darker (3,6 ; 4,5 and 5) than that one using synthetic fatliquor and control. However, the rubfastness (dry and wet) of crust using the synthetic fatliquor (4,22 and 4,44) better than that one using natural oil (3.67 and 3.34).

Pengaruh penggunaan tepung fleshing dalam pakan ayam pedaging terhadap kenaikan bobot ayam Sri Sutyasmi; Titik Purwati Widowati; R. Jaka Susila
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 18, No 1 (2002): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The fleshing waste ratio of leather processing is very high, that was about 70-230 kgs/ton of raw material. Those waste containing high amount of protein. The aim of this experiment was to know the influenceof fleshing powder on the increasing of broiler body weight. This experiment was classified into two steps. The first step was focused on the preparation of fleshing powder. The second step was the application of fleshing powder as protein substitute of broiler feed. The results showed that the quality of fleshing powder prepared by pressurize steaming at 2 atm for 15 min was better than by unpressurized method. The additional and the final weight of broilers feed by fleshing powder were not significantly difference with the control. Therefore, fleshing powder could be used as protein substitute on the prepraration of broiler feed instead of fish powder. Key words : fleshing, protein powder,broiler feed, friendly environment.

Penelitian pembuatan motif “batik remukan” pada kulit kras samak krom Meiyanti Meiyanti; Widari Widari; Titik Purwati Widowati; Hasan Basalamah
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 7, No 12-13 (1992): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Motif “Batik Remukan” on the leather shows the attarctive performance; since it has produced many diversifikasi of pattern on the leathergoods. The result of this experimental is to reach the attractive motif of “ Batik Remukan” used the composition of batik wax which its consist of kote ; paraffin = 1:5. INTISARI Motif batik remukan pada kulit dapat memberikan penampilan yang menarik, sehingga dapat menghasilkan diversifikasi corak pada barang-barang kulit yang diproduksi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk mendapatkan motif batik remukan yang cukup menarik dipakai komposisi lilin batik yang terdiri dari kote : parafin = 1: 5.

Penentuan kapasitas minimal paddle ditinjau dari sudut tekno ekonomi Syakir Hasyimi; Titik Purwati Widowati; Sri Waskito; Marjiana Marjiana
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 10, No 20 (1995): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v10i20.440

The objective of these experiment is to calculate the minimale capacity of paddle from techno-economical stand point. Technically, the quality of the liming product by paddle were better quality than the leather processed by using drum. Usually paddle machine were made of teac wood or brick wall. Based on economic evaluation, the production price of the paddle that were made of teac wood (1000 dm3 and 1500 dm3scale) were Rp. 334,46 and Rp. 285,45 respectivelly, made of brick wall (1000 dm3 and 1500 dm3scale)were Rp. 317, 83 and Rp. 273,56 and used of drum Rp. 353,56. Therefore the paddle machine made of brick wall in 1500 dm3 scale was the most economic machine. INTISARI Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kapasitas minimal berbagai jenis paddle ditinjau dari sudut tekno-ekonomi. Secara teknis, produk proses pengapuran dengan paddle lebih terjaga kualitasnya dari pada menggunakan drum. Berdasar hasil studi lapangan paddle umumnya dibuat dari bahan kayu jati atau pasangan batu bata. Berdasar evaluasi ekonominya ongkos proses pengapuran menggunakan paddle kayu jati 1000 dm3 dan 1500 dm3 masing-masing Rp. 334,46 / lembar dan Rp. 285,45/ lembar. Sedangkan paddle pasangan batu bata masing-masing Rp. 317,83/ lembar dan Rp. 273,56/lembar dan ongkos pengapuran menggunakan drum Rp. 353,56/ lembar. Dengan demikian pengapuran menggunakan paddle yang dibuat dari batu bata volume 1500 dm3 adalah yang paling ekonomis.

Rancang bangun pabrik pengolahan kulit kelinci menjadi kulit kelinci berbulu samak krom skala kecil Harniniek Harniniek; Titik Purwati Widowati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 3, No 7 (1988): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

This paper is prepared for a design of a small scale chorme tanning factory, processing fur rabbit leather. The capacity of it will be 200 pieces/day green rabbit skin. This factory will be profitable in the view of techno – economical calculations are as follows : the total capital is fixed capital + working capital = Rp 49.276.532,00 the total production cost is variable cost for a year + fixed cost for a year = Rp. 41.241.203,76 variable cost for a year consists of raw material, packing, chemical/supplement material electricity, fixed cost of a year consists of labour salaries, capital interest, maintenance, depreciation and general expences; the manufacturing cost is the total production divided by production capacity = Rp. 700,85 / sq. ft; the profit calculation before taxing is Rp. 14.682.636,24, after taxing id Rp. 11.746.108,99; the pay out period calculation consists of the percentage of profit to return the capital (rate of return) before taxing is 29,80 %, 3 years, after taxing 3 years 8 months; the break even point calculations is the break even point is the Rp. 28.768.403,47 the percentage of break even point is 51,44 % and the capacity of break even point is 30.281,29 sq. ft. NBThe price of calculations above at the 1987.

Penggunaan agensia penghilang kapur yang juga berfungsi sebagai agensia pemutih dalam pembuatan kulit pikel Titik Purwati Widowati; Suprapto Suprapto; Thomas Tukirin; Basuki Basuki; Prayitno Prayitno; Wahono Wahono
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 20, No 1 (2004): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The objective of this experiment was to get deliming agents having function s bleaching agent in pickle process, but it also keeps the quality of the pickles and waste water remaining good. Deliming process is conducted on the preparation of pickles. Five deliming agents were used on the experiment, they were ZA 2% (I), NH4Cl2% (II), NaHSO32% (III), a combination of ZA 1 % and NH4Cl 0,5% (IV), and a combination of ZA 1 % and NH4Cl 1% (V). The quality of the pickles were then evaluated on the shade and the acceptance of panelists. In order to ascertain wheter or not the process be related as environmentally friendly one, the waste water quality were also evaluated. The results showed that NH4Cl 2% was the best deliming agent as well as a bleaching agent. Keywords : deliming agent, bleaching agent, pickle. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh agensia penghilang kapur yang juga berfungsi sebagai agensia pemutih dalam pembuatan kulit pikel, namun mutu kulit pikel dan mutu limbahnya tetap baik. Proses penghilangan kapur merupakan salah satu proses persiapan dalam pembuatan kulit pikel. Pada percobaan ini digunakan lima macam agensia penghilang kapur yang sekaligus berfungsi sebagai agensia pemutih masing-masing yaitu ZA 2% (I), NH4Cl 2 (II), NaHSO3 2 % (III), campuran ZA 1 % dan NH4Cl 0,5 % (IV), serta campuran ZA I % dan NH4Cl 1 % (V). Kulit pikel yang dihasilkan kemudian dievaluasi berdasar mutu, warna dan tingkat penerimaan penelisnya. Selain itu untuk mengetahui apakah proses digunakan dapat bersifat ramah lingkungan atau tidak, maka kualitas limbah cairnya pun dievaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan NH4Cl 2% merupakan agensia penghilang kapur sekaigus berfungsi sebagai agensia pemutih yang paling baik. Kata Kunci : Agensia penghilang kapur, agensia pemutih, kulit pikel.

Pengaruh ekstrak nanas (ananas comosus) sebagai agensia bating terhadap kekuatan tarik dan suhu kerut kulit kelinci lokal samak nabati Titik Purwati Widowati; Triana Setyawardani; Dwi Hastuti
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 18, No 1 (2002): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The aims of experiment were to find out the effects of concentration of pineapple extract, bating time and their interactions on tensile strength and shrinkage temperature of local rabbit skin, which was tanned by vegetable tanning agent. The materials of this experiment were 27 rabbit skins used as bating object. The experimental design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial treatments 3 x 3. The results of analysis showed that concentration of pineapple extract, bating time and their interactions were not significantly affect (P < 0,05) on tensile strength and shrinkage temperature . The average of the tensile strength at this experiment was 157,394 kg/cm2 and fulfilled the requirement of SNI. 06-0463-1989: Kulit Lapis Doma/Kambing Samak Kombinasi (Krom Nabati), Mutu dan Cara Uji, and shrinkage temperature was 79,70oC that means fulfilled Nayudama’s (1978) did requirement. Key words : pineapple slurry, tensile strength, shrinkage temperature, rabbit skin.

Pengaruh penggunaan pankreas sapi dan dua jenis bahan penyamak terhadap kualitas fisik kulit skrotum kambing Titik Purwati Widowati; Agustini Suwarastuti; Amad Budi P
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 19, No 1 (2003): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The pancreas of cow was applied as bating agent for wet-salted scrotum skins of goat. The bated skins were then applied with vetetable tanning, chrome-agent and the combination of both agents. The tanned skins were analyzed their tensile strength and elasticity. The results showed that there were significant differencis on those parameters. The tensile strength and elasticity of chrome tanned, vegetable tanned, and the combination of chrome and vegetable tanned-skins were 107,75 kg/cm2 and 100,5%; 56,83 kg/cm2 and 27,83 %; and 52,28 kg/cm2 and 55,67% respectively. The tensile strength and elasticity of tanned skins indicated a tendency to increase when the concentration of cow pancreas was increased up to 1.5 % and decreased when the concentration reaches 2 % for chrome tanned skins. Keywords : cow pancreas, goat scrotum skin, vegetable tanning, chrome tanning.

Karakterisasi protease Bacillus sp. UGM5 Titik Purwati Widowati; Soemitro Djojowidagdo; Setiyono Setiyono; Widya Asmara
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 14, No 26 (1999): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The objective of this experiment is to indentify the characters of proetease produced by Bacillus sp.UGM5.the protease secreted by Bacillus sp.UGM5 was first isolated,purified and then charactirezed.The crude enzyme has spesific actifity of 1.14 U/mg,however,the spesific activity of purified enzyme was increased by 23.8 times fold and recovery was 33.69%.The Page of nondenatured crude enzymes showes two type of proreases,however ,the SDS-Page of denatured purified enzyme showed four protein-bends with molecular weights of 55.5 kDa,18kDa respecetively.The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme acrivity are 8.5 and 420C and belongs to serin protease type,with Km 3 X 10-3mM and Vmax 0.0890mM/30 minutes.The activity is not inhibited by Ca+2,Fe+2 and EDTA. INTISARITujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi protease yang diproduksi Bacillus sp. UGM5. Protease yang disekresi oleh Bacillus sp.UGM5 pertama-tama diisolasi,dipurifikasi kemudian dikarakterisasi.Enzim kasar mempunyai spesifik 1,14 U/mg.Aktivitas spesifik enzim yang dimurnikan meningkat 23,8 kali dengan recovery 33,69%.Elektroforesis gel poliakrilamid enzim yang dipurifikasi dan didenaturisasi menunjukan ada empat pita protein dengan berat protein masing-masing 55,5 kDa,51 kDa,18 kDa,dan 15,5 kDa .ph dan temperatur optimum aktivitas enzim adalah 8,5 dan 420C,termasuk tipe protease serin,dengan nilai Km 3 X10-3mM dan Vmax 0,0890mM/30menit.Aktivitas enzim tidak dihambat oleh adanya ion Ca2+,Fe+3 dan EDTA.

Isolasi dan identifikasi mikroorganisme dalam lumpur aktif pengolahan limbah industri kulit Prayitno Prayitno; Titik Purwati Widowati; Puji Ediari Suryaningsih; R. Jaka Susila
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 17, No 1-2 (2001): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The aim of this research is to isolate and to identify the microorganisms that grow as activated sludge used in the tannery wastewater treatment plant. The result shows that the protozoa in the activated sludge were β mesosaprobik protozoa. Other microorganisms in the sludge were spherical – gram negative bacteria (Zoogloea) and cylindrical – gram positive bacterial (Sphaerotillus). It is therefore can be concluded that the wastewater which treated with the activated sludge was medium polluted condition. INTISARI Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi mikro organisme yang tumbuh sebagai lumpur aktif yang digunakan dalam pengolahan limbah cair industry penyamakan kulit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan protozoa yang tumbuh dalam lumpur aktif yaitu protozoa kelompok β mesosaprobik. Selain itu juga terdapat bakteri gram negatif berbentuk bula (Zoogloea) dan bakteri gram positif berbentuk batang (Sphaerotillus). Dari isolasi dan identifikasi jenis mikroorganisme yang ada pada lumpur aktif dapat disimpulkan limbah cair yang diolah pada kondisi pencemaran tingkat sedang.

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