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PERILAKU ORANG TUA DALAM UPAYA PENCARIAN PENGOBATAN PADA BALITA DENGAN PNEUMONIA: A SCOPING REVIEW Supiani - Supiani; Djauhar Ismail; Mufdlilah Mufdlilah
Midwifery Journal: Jurnal Kebidanan UM. Mataram Vol 6, No 1 (2021): Januari
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/mj.v6i1.1808

Salah satu masalah kesehatan dan merupakan penyebab kesakitan dan kematian tertinggi pada balita di dunia adalah pneumonia. Pada tahun 2015, pneumonia menyumbang hampir seperempat (5,9 juta) kematian anak di seluruh dunia. Tingginya angka kejadian pneumonia pada balita tidak terlepas dari berbagai faktor risiko pneumonia, salah satunya adalah faktor perilaku orang tua dalam upaya pencarian pengobatan. Tujuan umum dari penyusunan review ini adalah untuk mencari dan mengetahui evidence based terkait perilaku orang tua dalam upaya pencarian pengobatan pada balita pneumonia di negara berkembang. Metode penelitian adalah scoping review menggunakan mesin pencarian pada database PubMed dan Science Direct pada 10 tahun terakhir. Hasil dari review ini memunculkan 2 tema yaitu, gambaran dan faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku orang tua dalam upaya pencarian pengobatan pada balita dengan pneumonia. Kurangnya pemanfaatan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan oleh orang tua dalam pengobatan menjadi faktor penyebab terjadinya pneumonia berulang serta semakin parahnya pneumonia yang diderita oleh balita.One of the health problems and the highest cause of morbidity and death in toddlers in the world is pneumonia. In 2015, pneumonia accounted for nearly a quarter (5.9 million) of worldwide child deaths. The high incidence of pneumonia in toddlers is inseparable from a variety of pneumonia risk factors, one of the risk factors is the behaviour factor of parents in seeking treatment. The aim of this review is to mapping evidence based on the behaviour of parents to search for the treatment of toddler pneumonia in developing countries. The research method used search engines in the PubMed and Science Direct databases 10 years ago. The results of this review raise two themes i.e. an overview and factors that influence the behaviour of parents in seeking treatment in toddlers with pneumonia. Lack of health care facilities by parents in treatment is a factor causing recurrent pneumonia and the severity of pneumonia suffered by toddlers.

Effect of oral sugar solution for reducing pain in infants underwent diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT) im- munization: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial Arief Priambodo; Madarina Julia; Djauhar Ismail
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 48 No 1 (2008): January 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Infants are often subjected to painful procedures suchas diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DTP) immunization. Despiteits negative effects, pain in infants has not got enough attention.Sweet oral solution has analgesic effect.Objective To determine whether oral sugar solution can reducethe duration of crying in infants who got DTP immunization.Methods This was a randomized, double-blind controlled trialperformed at Growth and Development Clinic of Dr. SardjitoGeneral Hospital and two Primary Health Centers in Yogyakarta.Study subjects were 4-6 month-old infants who got the 3 rd DTPimmunization. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive 2 ml75% oral sugar solution (intervention group) or 2 ml drinkingwater (placebo) just before the immunization. Crying was recordedfrom just before the injection until 3 minutes after.Results Eighty-six subjects were enrolled; 42 subjects receivedsugar solution and 44 subjects received placebo. Sugar solutionreduced the median duration of first cry about 38 seconds or 32%(P=0.03) and reduced the median duration of total crying about35 seconds or 24% (P=0.02).Conclusion Administration of 2 ml 75% oral sugar solution canalleviate pain associated with DTP immunization as shown byreduced duration of crying.

Risk factors of developmental delay: a community-based study Mei Neni Sitaresmi; Djauhar Ismail; Abdul Wahab
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 48 No 3 (2008): May 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Developmental delay is a common problem inchildren. Early detection of this disorders is mandatory in orderto provide early interventions. Identification of the risk factors isimportant for strategic intervention.Objective To identify risk factors of developmental delay inchildren under five years old.Metlwds A community-based study of developmental screeningwas conducted, in Bambanglipuro, Bantul district, Province ofYogyakarta, between September and October 2007. Developmentalscreening was performed using a Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan(KPSP).Results Out of 632 children aged 3 to 60 months, 407 (64%) hadnormal development, 81 (28%) doubtful and 43 (8%) suspecteddevelopmental delay. A number of factors identified as the riskof suspected developmental delay were undernourished (OR 2.3,95%CI 1.1 ; 4.8) , low birth weight (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.1 ; 6.1), loweducational level of mother (O R 2.5, 95%CI 1.3; 4.9) , workingmother (O R 1.8, 95%CI 1; 3.5), and poor socio-economic status(SES) families (OR 2.7, 95%CI 1.3; 5.4). Multivariate logisticregression analysis showed that poor SES was the strongest riskfactor of suspected developmental delay (adjusted OR 2.8, 95%CI1.4;5.7) .Conclusions Poverty, low maternal educational level andintrauterine malnutrition during as well as malnutrition duringinfant period are risk factors of developmental delay. Integratedstrategies should be conducted to solve the problems to preventmore children suferred from developmental delay.

Association between type of cerebral palsy and the cognitive levels Ratna Dewi Kusumaningrum; Elizabeth Siti Herini; Djauhar Ismail
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 49 No 3 (2009): May 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Cerebral palsy is the main cause of physical disabilityduring childhood. Assessment is necessary to acknowledge thelevel of intelligence of the patients and to prevent impairmentsin order to plan the prompt intervention.Objectives To evaluate the cognitive levels of cerebral palsy andassociation between cognitive levels and its types.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on subjectsfrom Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri 3 Yogyakarta. Intelligence wasmeasured using the Stanford-Binet intelligence scales, whereasdiagnosis of cerebral palsy was based on criteria of the AmericanAcademy for Cerebral Palsy (AACP). Data were analyzed usingchi-square test.Results There were 35 subjects, comprising of 21 boys and 14girls aged 5-18 years. The results show that in general, childrenwith cerebral palsy had mental retardation in several cognitivelevels. Children with hemiplegia type (1 subject) had IQ level that equals to mental retardation. Children with spastic diplegia type (6 subjects) showed borderline IQ (1) and mental retardation (5). Children with quadriplegia type ( 15 subjects) had superior IQ (1), borderline (7) and mental retardation (7). Out of 13 subjects with athetoid type 2, had borderline IQ (2), and mental retardation (11). The statistical analysis with chi-square test resulted in P = 0.114 (P < 0.05).Conclusion Our data showed that most patients with cerebral palsy had mental retardation of several cognitive level but there was no significant association between each type of cerebral palsy with cognitive levels.

Pengetahuan tentang Infeksi Menular Seksual dengan Perilaku Seksual Tidak Aman pada Remaja Putri Maluku Tenggara Barat di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Firmina Th Kora; Djaswadi Dasuki; Djauhar Ismail
JURNAL KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI Vol 3, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jkr.13880

Background: Based on the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS, 2012), adolescents’ knowledge (females aged 15-24 years) about STI (Sexually Transmitted Disease) is still low under 50%. A total of 16.46% Indonesian adolescents have had sex, 46.26% of them have been doing it actively, first sex occurred in below 20 years of age.Objective: To determine the relationship between knowledge about sexually transmitted infections with unsafe sexual behavior.Method: This study is a quantitative and qualitative with cross-sectional study design. Subjects in this study were all female adolescents of West Southeast Moluccas who are continuing education in Yogyakarta. Univariable and bivariable data analysis was conducted using chi-square test statistic. Multivariable analysis was conducted using logistic regression to estimate the effective model.Result and Discussion: Low knowledge STI is practically and statistically related to unsafe sexual behavior with a p-value <0.05, RP 1.71 and CI 1.07 to 2.70. Low knowledge about STIs in adolescents increase the risk by 1.7 times for unsafe sexual behavior. Conclusion: 67,1% female adolescent who have unsafe sexual behavior. Female adolescents who have knowledge about STIs low 65.7%. Low knowledge STI significantly increases unsafe sexual behavior in adolescent girls. Unsafe sexual behavior conducted by adolescent female are sexual intercourse before the age of 20 not using condoms during sexual intercourse, and multiple sexual partner.Keywords: Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infections, Unsafe Sexual Behavior, Female Adolescent

PENGEMBANGAN FORMULA SIRUP ZINK DARI EKSTRAK IKAN BILIH (Mystacoleucus- padangensis) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF SUPLEMENTASI ZINK ORGANIK PADA ANAK PENDEK (STUNTED) USIA 12-36 BULAN Eva Yuniritha; Mohammad Juffrie; Djauhar Ismail; Suwijiyo Pramono
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 38, No 1 (2015): Maret 2015
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v38i1.167

Sirup zink ekstrak ikan bilih dibuat dari formulasi sirup dengan bahan dasar ikan bilih (mystacoleucus padangensis) yang mempunyai kandungan zink 27,8 mg/100 gram, lebih tinggi dibandingkan bahan pangan lain. Pemanfaatan ekstrak ikan bilih sebagai alternatif suplementasi zink organik untuk mengatasi defisiensi zink perlu diteliti dalam upaya percepatan penanggulangan masalah anak pendek (stunted) pada anak umur 12-36 bulan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan formula sirup zink dari ekstrak ikan bilih (mystacoleuseus padangensis) sebagai alternatif suplementasi zink organik pada anak pendek (stunted). Penelitian eksperimental laboratorium ini dimulai dari ekstraksi ikan bilih dengan metode yang standar dilakukan di laboratorium Biologi dan Sediaan Cair Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Ekstrak ikan bilih mengandung kadar zink yang sangat tinggi (161,97 mg/100 gram), di formulasi menjadi formula sirup suspensi, dengan sediaan utama estrak Zink Citrat, Vitamin A dan protein, ditambah sirup simplek (64%), CMC-Na, Asam Citrat, perasa buah dan pewarna. Formula sirup suplementasi zink ini memenuhi syarat International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG), dengan 3 formulasi terbaik berdasarkan uji organoleptik, yaitu formula F 4.1, F 2.2 dan F 2.3. Formula sirup zink dari ektrak ikan bilih dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif suplementasi zink organik untuk menanggulangi defisiensi zink pada anak pendek (stunted).ABSTRACT THE DEVELOPMENT OF ZINC SYRUP FORMULA FROM BILIH FISH EXTRACT (Mystacoleucus-padangensis) AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR ZINC ORGANIC SUPPLEMENTATION IN STUNTED CHILDREN AGED 12-36 MONTH The extract of bilih fish (mystaleuseuspadangensis) zinc syrup is made from basic ingredient of bilih fish which contains 27,8 mg zinc/100 gram syrup. It is much higher than other food zinc source. The use of the extract of bilih fish as an alternative of organic zinc supplementation can be used for those who have zinc deficiency. Therefore, it is essential to be studied as an alternative intervention program for stunting in children aged 12-36 months. This objective of this study is to develop zinc formula syrup from the extract of bilih fish (mystaleuseuspadangensis) as an organic zinc supplementation for stunted children. This laboratory experimental research is begun by extracting the fish bilih using a standard method. The extract of bilih fish is formulated in the form of suspension syrup, at the laboratory of Biology and Liquid Preparation in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Gajah Mada University in Yogyakarta. The extract of bilih fish is very high in zinc content (161, 97 mg/100 gram), with main preparation of Zinc Citrate, Vitamin A and protein, added with simplex syrup (64%), CMC-Na, Citric Acid, fruit flavor and food color subtances. This supplement syrup formula is based on International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG), with 3 best formulas based on organoleptic test, formula F 4.1, F 2.2 and F 2.3. The zinc syrup formula from extract of bilih fish could be an alternative of organic zinc supplementation to address zinc deficiency in stunted children.Keywords: extract bilih, zinc supplementation, stunting

Perilaku makan dan kejadian obesitas anak di SD Negeri Kota Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara Supiati Supiati; Djauhar Ismail; Retna Siwi P
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 2, NOMOR 2, MEI 2014
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

ABSTRACTBackground: Obesity is a health problem in developed countries as well as developing countries like Indonesia. National prevalence of overweight children aged 6-14 years is 9.5% in male and 6.4% in female. In Sulawesi Tenggara, there are 6.2% of male and 4.5% of female children who were overweight. Obesity in City of Kendari, there was an increase of obesity prevalence 0.15% in 2007 and 0.26% in 2008. Obesity can be influenced by various factors. It issuspected that eating behavior is a major factor, so we want to know, how big is the eating behaviors contribute to children’s obesity.Objectives: To determine the relationship of eating behavior and incidence of childhood obesity in one favorite public elementary school in Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara Province.Methods: This research was observational with cross sectional study design it was conducted in May 2010. Data was analysed using comparative test (chi square), and logistic regression.Results: There was significant correlation between eating behavior and obese incidence (p<0.01) with the power of prevalence ration (PR) was protective in their nature (PR= 1/0.12 = 8.3 In other words, the subject with healthy eating behavior had probability 8.3 times greater to not obese.Conclusions: There was significant correlation between diet behavior and the obesity in the children with the power of correlation and prevalence ratio was protective. The subject with healthy diet behavior had probability of 8.3 times to avoid obese incidence compared to the subject with non healthy eating behavior.KEYWORDS: eating behavior, obesity, elementary school childrenABSTRAKLatar belakang: Obesitas merupakan masalah kesehatan di negara maju dan berkembang seperti Indonesia. Prevalensi nasional berat badan lebih anak usia 6-14 tahun pada laki-laki 9,5% dan pada perempuan 6,4%. Di Sulawesi Tengggara, prevalensi tersebut 6,2% pada laki-laki dan 4,5% pada perempuan. Obesitas di Kota Kendari meningkat setiap tahun yaitu 0,15% pada tahun 2007 dan 0,26% tahun 2008. Obesitas dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, diduga perilaku makan merupakan faktor utama, sehingga ingin diketahui seberapa besar pengaruh perilaku makan menyumbang terhadap kejadian obesitas.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perilaku makan dan kejadian obesitas anak di SDN favorit Kota Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross- sectional yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2010. Analisis data menggunakan uji komparatif (chi square), dan regresi logistik.Hasil: Ada hubungan terbalik antara perilaku makan dengan obesitas anak.P<0,01 dengan kekuatan hubungan dan rasio prevalensi (RP)=1/0,12=83, yaitu subjek yang mempunyai perilaku makan sehat mempunyai peluang 8,3 kali lebih besar untuk terhindar dari terjdinya obesitas.Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan yang sangat signifi kan antara perilaku makan dengan obesitas anak, dengan kekuatan hubungan dan rasio prevalensi yang bersifat protektif yaitu subjek yang mempunyai perilaku makan sehat mempunyai peluang 8,3 kali untuk terhindar dari terjadinya obesitas dibandingkan dengan anak yang berperilaku makan tidak sehat.KATA KUNCI: perilaku makan, obesitas, anak sekolah dasar

Hubungan status sosial ekonomi dengan perkembangan batita Rosmita Nuzuliana; Djauhar Ismail; Hikmah Hikmah
Jurnal Kebidanan dan Keperawatan Aisyiyah Vol 12, No 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta

Abstract: This research aims to determine the relationship socialeconomic status (SES) and other influence factor in the last three monthsdue to child development. We used cross sectional design. SSEindicators were parental level of education, montly family income,parental work . We use identity questionnaires and stimulation ofdevelopment questionnaires, Denver II. Analysis methode by chi-squereand logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Research showed thatthe level of education and occupational status did not affect thedevelopment of toddlers. Affecting factor the development of thetoddlers are parents income, gender, playgroup participation, stimulation.Logistic regresion showed that playgroup participant’s and gender weredominant influence factors for child development.

PERILAKU MENCUCI TANGAN DAN KEJADIAN KECACINGAN PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KECAMATAN PETANAHAN KABUPATEN KEBUMEN Siti Muthoharoh; Djauhar Ismail; Muhammad Hakimi
Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan Vol 11, No 2 (2015): JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN KEPERAWATAN
Publisher : LPPM UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH GOMBONG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26753/jikk.v11i2.103

Children are the nation’s investment. The future quality of a nation is determined in the children’s current quality. The prevalence of worm infestation in Indonesia is quite high between 60-80% and especially attacks on elementary school children. A long term worm infestation can reduce health that impairs the ability to learn. Risk factors of worm disease include poor environmental sanitation, education level, socio-economic conditions, and health habits such as bowel movement in any places, lack of awareness in hand washing, no footwear as well as geographical conditions.Objective: To know the relationship of hand washing behavior with the incidence of worm on elementary school students in Petanahan Sub-District Kebumen District.The research was observational analytic with a cross sectional design. Sampling was done with a two-level clustering method. The sample size was 213 elementary school students in Grades 3, 4, and 5 that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was collected using a questionnaire and the results of laboratory tests. Hypothesis testing used chi-square with p <0.05 and 95% Confidence Interval. Data analysis used univariable, bivariable, and multivariable.There was a relationship between worm infestation and hand washing behavior seen from the results that the students who did not wash their hands and were positive with worm infestation were 66 students or 59.46%, while the students that performed hand washing and were negative with worm infestation were 72 students or 70.59%. Statistical test result was significant seen from the p value of 0.0001 and the prevalence ratio of 2.02 (95% CI 1.44 to 2.83).Hand washing behavior on elementary school students of Petanahan District, Kebumen, showed that 52.11% of the students did not wash their hands. There was a relationship between hand washing and worm infestation on elementary school students of Petanahan Sub-District, Kebumen District. Keywords: hand washing behavior, the incidence of worm infestation

HUBUNGAN RIWAYAT MENONTON AUDIO VISUAL DENGAN USIA MENARCHE PADA SISWI DI SLTP KECAMATAN KEBUMEN KABUPATEN KEBUMEN TAHUN 2011 Hastin Ika Indriyastuti; Muhamad Hakimi; Djauhar Ismail
Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan Vol 11, No 2 (2015): JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN KEPERAWATAN
Publisher : LPPM UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH GOMBONG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26753/jikk.v11i2.106

One of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is to improve maternal and child health. To improve maternal health starts from adolescent health to women of childbearing age. An important aspect of adolescent girls’ health is reproductive health, which is characterized by the occurrence of menarche (first menstruation). Menarche is influenced by many factors, such as factors of race, ethnicity, genetic, social, economic, medicine, health, and audio visual equipment. The effects of global information (audiovisual media) which is more accessible will lure children and teenagers to adopt bad habits such as watching blue films, pornographic VCDs, porn internet access, and porn scene via mobile.The aim of this research is to determine the relationship of the history of watching audiovisual to age of menarche among junior high school female students in Kebumen Sub-district of Kebumen District.A cross sectional survey design was used in this study. The Population was VII grade female students of 5.050 who had experienced menarche in the Junior High School Subdistrict Kebumen District Kebumen. Sampling methods use two-level clustering method. The first stage level at random cluster sample selection and the second level is a simple random elementary unit. Samples were obtained as many as 214 students selected at random proportionate sampling at each school. Data was collected through questionnaires, measurements of weight and height scales by meter. The data analysis by Chi Square test and used to know best models by logistic regression test.The results show that mean age of menarche was 11.8 years. Most of the students (58.4%) had a history of watching audio-visual equipment. There was a significant relationship of a history of watching audio-visual (p 0.001; RP = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.68 to 3.94), socioeconomic (p 0.0001; PR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.25 to 2.49) to the age of menarche. There was no significant relationship between chronic disease (p 0.918) and nutritional status (p 0.448) and the age of menarche. The history of watching an audio-visual was associated with age of menarche, and had 5.14 times more likely than girls who never watched any audio-visual equipment. There needs to be education about reproductive health for adolescents and supervise the use of audio-visual media in accessing porn movies. Keywords: Audio Visual, menarche, Adolescent

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