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UJI POTENSI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN GEDI (Abelmoschus manihot L.) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN PENURUNAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS PUTIH GALUR WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN I Ketut Gede Dharma Dewantara; I Wayan Gede Gunawan; I Nengah Wirajana
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 5 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak etanol daun gedi (Abelmoschusmanihot L.) sebagai antioksidan dan terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah tikus putih galur wistar yang diinduksi aloksan. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol daun gedi menggunakan metode DPPH dengan konsentrasi sampel yaitu 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10 ppm serta menggunakan asam askorbat sebagai senyawa standar. Uji penurunan glukosa darah pada tikus wistar yang diinduksi aloksan menggunakan 25 ekor tikus wistar yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu dua kelompok kontrol dan tiga kelompok perlakuan dengan beragam dosis ekstrak daun gedi. Dosis yang digunakan pada masing-masing kelompok perlakuan adalah 5 mg/kgBB (P2), 10 mg/kgBB (P3), dan 15 mg/kgBB (P4). Kondisi hiperglikemia pada semua kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan diinduksi dengan aloksan dosis 125 mg/kgBB. Hasil penelitian uji antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun gedi memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 31,29 ppm. Hasil uji penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada kelompok kontrol positif (P1) sebesar 138,8 mg/dL, kelompok perlakuan P2 sebesar 72 mg/dL; P3 sebesar 97,4 mg/dL dan P4 sebesar 137,6 mg/dL. Perbedaan penurunan rerata kadar glukosa ini dianalisis dengan metode One Way ANOVA dan didapatkan hasil bahwa semua data dari kelompok memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan ABSTRACT: The purposes of this research are to determine the potential of gedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot L.) ethanol extract as antioxidant and on the reduction blood glucose level of wistar strain white rats induced by alloxan. The antioxidant activity test of ethanol extract of gedi leaves with concentration of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm was conducted by using DPPH method with ascorbic acid as standard compound. The reduction test of alloxan-induced blood glucose in rats was conducted with 25 rats divided into 5 group which are two control groups and three treatment groups treated with different doses of gedi leaves ethanol extracts. The doses used on each the treatment groups were 5 mg/kgBW (P2), 10 mg/kgBW (P3), and 15 mg/kgBW (P4). The hyperglycemia condition of all groups was induced by alloxan at dose of 125 mg/kgBW. The antioxidant activity test of gedi leaves ethanol extract showed that the IC50 was 31.29 ppm. Moreover, the intake of gedi leaves ethanol extract decreased the blood glucose of positive control group, P2, P3 and P4 of 138.8 mg/dL, 72 mg/dL, 97.4 mg/dL, and 137.6 mg/dL respectively. The difference of blood glucose reduction had been tested with One Way ANOVA method which showed the significant different between the groups.

BIODEGRADASI CONGO RED MENGGUNAKAN BIOFILM YANG DITUMBUHKAN DENGAN INOKULUM SUSPENSI AKTIF PADA PERMUKAAN BATU VULKANIK I Wayan Januariawan; I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa; I Wayan Gede Gunawan
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 7 No 1 (2019): Volume 7, Nomor 1, 2019
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK: Congo red merupakan salah satu zat warna reaktif yang banyak digunakan dalam industri tekstil. Limbah zat warna tersebut dapat menjadi sumber pencemaran lingkungan karena memiliki sifat toksik, karsinogen, dan mutagen. Pengolahan limbah congo red dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan biofilm. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan pengaruh sumber tanah terhadap pertumbuhan biomassa mikroba, pengaruh komposisi media pertumbuhan terhadap pembentukan biofilm, dan tingkat efektivitas biofilm dalam menurunkan kadar congo red, COD dan BOD. Penelitian ini menggunakan biofilm yang ditumbuhkan dengan inokulum suspensi aktif pada permukaan batu vulkanik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber tanah dengan intensitas terpapar limbah pencelupan tekstil tertinggi memberikan pertumbuhan biomassa mikroba terbaik, komposisi media pertumbuhan dengan nutrien tertinggi memberikan pertumbuhan biomassa mikroba terbaik pada pembentukan biofilm, dan biofilm dapat menurunkan kadar congo red, COD dan BOD dengan efektivitas berturut-turut sebesar 92,46%; 81,28%; dan 83,33% selama 4 hari pengolahan. Dengan demikian, biofilm yang ditumbuhkan dengan inokulum suspensi aktif mampu mendegradasi zat warna congo red dan mampu menurunkan kadar COD dan BOD. ABSTRACT: Congo red is one of the reactive dyes widely used in the textile industry. The waste of the dye can be as a source of environmental pollution due to its toxicity, carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Waste treatment of congo red can be performed using biofilm. This study was aimed to determine the effect of soil sources on the growth of microbial biomass, the effect of growth media composition on biofilm formation, and the level of effectiveness of biofilms in reducing levels of congo red, COD and BOD. This study was used biofilms grown by active suspension inoculums on the surface of volcanic rocks. The results showed that soil sources with the highest intensity of exposure to textile dyeing provided the best growth of microbial biomass, the composition of the growth medium with the highest nutrient provides the best microbial biomass growth in biofilm formation, and biofilms could reduce the levels of congo red, COD and BOD with respectively effectiveness of 92.46%; 81.28%; and 83.33% four day of treatments. Thus, biofilms grown by active suspension inoculums were able to degrade congo red dyes and could reduce the levels of COD and BOD.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN SABUN PADAT MINYAK ATSIRI SERAI DAPUR (Cymbopogon citratus DC.) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus Wiwik Susanah Rita; Ni Putu Eka Vinapriliani; I Wayan Gede Gunawan
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 6 No 2 (2018): Volume 6, Nomor 2, 2018
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK: Minyak atsiri serai dapur (Cymbopogon citratus DC.) dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti antibakteri sintetik dalam pembuatan sabun mandi padat transparan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi serai dapur sebagai antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus, formulasi terbaik minyak atsiri serai dapur sebagai sabun antibakteri, dan baku mutu SNI dari sabun mandi antibakteri yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 5 formula dan 3 kali ulangan. Formula pada penelitian ini adalah penambahan minyak atsiri serai dapur sebesar 0, 1, 2, 3, dan 5 g. Uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap E. coli dan S. aureus dilakukan dengan metode sumur difusi, sedangkan uji kualitas sabun yang ditentukan adalah kadar air, jumlah asam lemak tersabunkan, asam lemak bebas/alkali bebas, lemak tak tersabunkan, dan minyak mineral. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan minyak atsiri serai dapur pada sabun transparan berpengaruh nyata terhadap aktivitas antibakteri terhadap E.coli, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap S. aureus. Perlakuan terbaik pada penelitian ini adalah perlakuan penambahan minyak atsiri serai dapur 1 g (formula 2). Minyak atsiri dapat menghambat pertumbuhan E. coli dan S. aureus dengan daya hambat kuat. Diameter hambat terhadap E. coli sebesar 12,25; 12,25; dan 16,75 mm pada konsentrasi 25; 50; dan 100%, sedangkan daya hambat terhadap S. aureus sebesar 10,25; 10,50; dan 11,00 mm pada konsentrasi yang sama. Aktivitas antibakteri sabun transparan terhadap bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus juga tergolong kuat dengan diameter hambat keduanya antara 17-22 mm. Hasil uji kualitas sabun padat transparan sesuai dengan standar SNI kecuali fraksi tak tersabunkan. Kata kunci : antibakteri, Cymbopogon citratus DC., Escherichia coli, sabun, Staphylococcus aureus. ABSTRACT: Essential oil of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus DC.) was able to be used as an alternative to synthetic antibacterial in producing of transparent solid soap. The aim of this research is to study of lemongrass as antibacterial against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, best formulation of lemongrass essential oil as antibacterial soap, and SNI quality standard of antibacterial soap. The study consisted of 5 formulas and 3 replications. The formula in this study was the addition of lemongrass essential oil of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 g. The antibacterial activity test against E. coli and S. aureus was done by diffusion well method, while the soap quality test determined was moisture content, the amount of saponified fatty acid, free fatty acids / alkali, unsaponified lipid, and mineral oil. The results shows that the addition of essential oil of lemongrass on transparent soap had a significant effect on antibacterial activity against E. coli, but did not affect to S. aureus. The best treatment in this research was the addition of essential oil of lemongrass 1 g (formula 2). Essential oils can inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus with strong inhibition. The inhibitory zone towards E. coli was 12.25; 12.25; and 16.75 mm at concentration 25; 50; and 100% respectively, while that towards S. aureus was 10.25; 10.50; and 11.00 mm at the same concentration. The antibacterial activity of transparent soap against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria was also quite strong with both inhibitory diameter of 17-22 mm. The result of transparent solid soap quality test was in accordance with SNI standard except unsaponified fraction.

ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI GOLONGAN FLAVONOID PADA EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAUN GEDI (Abelmoschus manihot L.) C. T. Theodora; I W. G. Gunawan; I M. D. Swantara
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol.13 No.2 Juli 2019
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the flavonoid compounds in ethyl acetat extract of gedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot L.). In this study, the method of extraction was maceration with semipolar solvent (ethyl acetat), flavonoid phytochemical screening, separation and purity test with chromatography and then identification of the compound using FTIR and UV-Vis spectrophotometer with shear reagent method. Analysis of FTIR spectra showed some functional groups such as OH, CH aliphatic, C = O, CO alcohol, C = C aromatic, and CO ether, whereas the analysis with UV-Vis spectra indicated the presence of band I at a wavelength of 409.4 nm and 238.40 nm for band II which is the auron specific wavelength. After the addition of shift reaget, there was a substitutions of OH groups in C-4, C-6 and C-3' and OR at C-4'. The flavonoid compounds contained in ethyl acetate extract of gedi leaf is suggested to be auron, 3',4,6-trihydroxy,4-alkoxy-auron. Keywords: auron, ethyl acetat extract, flavonoids, gedi leaf, isolation

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN ANTOSIANIN DALAM EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BUAH NAGA SUPER MERAH (Hylocereus costaricensis) DAN ANALISIS KADAR TOTALNYA Ni Ketut Meidayanti Putri; I Wayan Gede Gunawan; I Wayan Suarsa
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 9, No. 2 Juli 2015
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Dragon fruit is a plant that comes from dry tropical climate zones. Besides the flesh of the dragon fruits,,its skin can be used in food production as a natural food coloring and as the raw materials in cosmetics manufacturing. This is because of that the skin of the dragon fruit contains some compounds such as anthocyanin that can be used as an antioxidant. This study were aimed to determine the antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin content and the type of anthocyanins in the ethanol extract of super red dragon fruit skin. The determination of antioxidant activity of anthocyanin was carried out by the use of DPPH method, whereas the determination of the total content of anthocyanin was performed with a pH difference method using UV-Visibel spectrophotometer. The results showed that the optimum scavenger percentage of the extract was of 97.84% with IC50 value of 73.2772 mg / L, whereas the average levels of total anthocyanins obtained was of 58.0720 ± 0,0001mg / L. The type of anthocyanins contained in the ethanol extract of the skin of super red dragon fruit was sianidin showing a maximum peak at a wavelength of 547 nm.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK METANOL KULIT PISANG HIJAU LUMUT (Musa x paradisiaca L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli SERTA IDENTIFIKASI GOLONGAN SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER W. S. Rita; L. E. Yanti; I W. G. Gunawan
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 15, No.2, Juli 2021
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2021.v15.i02.p02

Kulit Pisang Hijau Lumut (Musa x paradisiaca L.) merupakan limbah organik yang masih belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM) ekstrak metanol Kulit Pisang Hijau Lumut terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli, serta mengetahui golongan senyawa metabolit sekundernya. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi, uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode sumur difusi agar, dan skrining fitokimia dilakukan dengan menggunakan pereaksi pendeteksi wagner dan mayer untuk alkaloid, pereaksi Lieberman-Burchard untuk steroid/terpenoid, MgHCl untuk flavonoid, FeCl3 untuk fenol, dan HCl untuk saponin. Maserasi 1kg kulit pisang hijau menghasilkan ekstrak kental metanol sebanyak 83,45 gram. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol memiliki nilai KHM sebesar 8% dan KBM sebesar 10% terhadap bakteri S. aureus dan KHM sebesar 10% serta KBM sebesar 20% terhadap bakteri E.coli. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan hasil positif terhadap alkaloid, fenol, flavonoid dan terpenoid. Kata kunci: antibakteri, Escherichia coli, kulit pisang, Staphylococcus aureus, uji fitokimia. Hijau lumut banana peels (Musa x paradisiaca L.) are organic waste that is still not widely used. This study aimed to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of methanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as well as the secondary metabolite compounds. Extractions were done by maceration methods, antibacterial activity assay was carried out by agar well diffusion method, and phytochemical screening was performed using secondary metabolite detection reagents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids/terpenoids, phenols, and saponins. Maceration of 1kg of the banana peels produced 83.45 grams of crude methanol extract. The activity assays of methanol extract indicated that the MIC and MBC against S.aureus was 8% and 10%, while against E. coli was 10% and 20%, respectively. The result of phytochemical screening showed that the banana peels were positive for alkaloids, fenols, flavonoids dan terpenoids. Keywords : antibacterial, Escherichia coli, hijau lumut banana peels, phytochemically test, Staphylococcus aureus.

IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS SENYAWA FLAVONOID DARI EKSTRAK DAUN TREMBESI (Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Escherichia coli I Kadek Pater Suteja; Wiwik Susanah Rita; I Wayan Gede Gunawan
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 10, No. 1 Januari 2016
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Identification of flavonoid from the leaves of rain tree (Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr) and its antibacterial activity test against Escherichia coli (E.coli) has been performed. This research aims to determine the type of flavonoid in rain tree leaves and its antibacterial activity against E. coli. Extraction was done by maceration and partition methods, separation was achieved by column chromatography, antibacterial activity was tested by disk diffussion method, and the identification was done by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Infrared spectrophotometry. Extraction of 1 kg of rain tree powder with 5 L ethanol produced 73.38 g of concentrated ethanol extract. The partition process produced 26,34 g of n-hexane, 8,12 g of ethylacetate, 19,37 g n-butanol, and 12,56 g of water extracts. Phytochemical test of the extracts showed that the n-butanol extract contained flavonoids. Antibacterial activity of n-butanol extract towards E.coli showed a medium activity with a diameter inhibition of 6.3 mm. MIC value ??was 2% (w/v) with a diameter inhibition of 1 mm. Separation using column chromatography with the eluent of n-butanol: methanol: chloroform (5: 3: 2) obtained four isolates but only one isolate (isolate B with Rf 0.58) which contained flavonoids. Analysis with infrared spectroscopy showed that the isolate B contained functional groups of OH, C-OH, aliphatic CH, C = O ketones, C = C aromatic, COC ether, and aromatic CH. Analysis with UV-Vis spectrophotometer indicated that isolate B is isoflavon compound with a hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7. The isolate was relatively pure by TLC. The isolate showed a low antibacterial activity.

KAPASITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SENYAWA GOLONGAN TRITERPENOID PADA DAUN PRANAJIWA (Euchresta horsfieldii lesch benn) Kadek Ayu Intan Sari; I Wayan Gede Gunawan; Ketut Gede Dharma Putra
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 9, no. 1 Januari 2015
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Isolation, identification, and anti-oxidant assay of triterpenoid compound from Euchresta horsfieldii lesch benn) have been conducted. Maseration of 600 g pranajiwa leaves powder with n-hexane produced 6,1 g n-hexane extract which gave yellow to purple colour change with Lieberman-Burchard reagent. The separation with column chromatography using silica gel 60 obtained 3 fractions (F1, F2, F3) which were then analyzed with triterpenoid test. The positive fraction of triterpenoid (F1) produced 2 g yellow isolate. Infrared spectra indicated that the isolate was a triterpenoid, with characteristic functional groups of OH, –CH, C=O, –C=C, –CH2, –CH3, and C–O alcohol. Ultraviolet-visible spectra showed broad peak at 217 nm. The result of anti-oxidant capacity test of triterpenoid was 94,67%, showing that triterpenoid from pranajiwa leaves can be use as an anti-oxidant.

ISOLASI SENYAWA GOLONGAN TRITERPENOID DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL BATANG PRANAJIWA (Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch) Benn) TERHADAP LARVA UDANG (Artemia salina Leach) I Wayan Gede Gunawan; Oka Ratnayani; I Putu Gede Suwindra Putra
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 10, No. 2 Juli 2016
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa toksik berpotensi sebagai antikanker dari batang pranajiwa (Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch) Benn) telah dilakukan pada penelitian ini. Sebanyak 800 g sampel batang pranajiwa diekstraksi dengan 5000 mL etanol 96% menghasilkan 40,19 g ekstrak pekat etanol, dan hasil uji toksisitasnya terhadap larva udang Artemia salina Leach menunjukan LC50 79,43 ppm. Partisi ekstrak etanol dengan n-heksana, kloroform, dan air menghasilkan 1,50 g ekstrak n-heksana (LC50 50,11 ppm), 1,20 g ekstrak kloroform (LC50 630,95 ppm), dan 30,06 g ekstrak air (LC50 158,48 ppm). Ekstrak n-heksana bersifat paling toksik selanjutnya dipisahkan, dimurnikan, dan diidentifikasi. Pemisahan ekstrak n-heksana secara kromatografi kolom dengan fase diam dan fase gerak n-heksana-kloroform (5:5) menghasilkan empat fraksi (F1-F4). Fraksi F1 dengan noda tunggal pada kromatografi lapis tipis bersifat paling toksik (LC50=79,43 ppm). Hasil identifikasi fraksi F1 dengan uji fitokimia, spektrofotometer UV-Vis, dan FTIR, diduga F1 positif mengandung senyawa golongan triterpenoid.

ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA MINYAK ATSIRI DARI TUMBUHAN SEMBUKAN (Paederia foetida L.) DENGAN METODE KROMATOGRAFI GAS-SPEKTROSKOPI MASSA (GC-MS) Dewa Gde Agung Yuda Pratama; I Gusti Agung Gede Bawa; I Wayan Gede Gunawan
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 10, No. 1 Januari 2016
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Sembukan is a wild plant that is often attached to the house fenced and has a lot of chemicals compound, including essential oil. This study aims to determine the active compounds as antibacterial of sembukan essential oil. One point four mililitres of essential oil was obtained by steam distillation. The essential oils were then tested for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Stapylococcus aureus using the well diffusion method in gel. Identification of the essential oils conducted using Chromatography Gas – Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The results of this study indicated that the essential oils did not have specific antibacterial activity against the bacteria tested. Compounds contained in the essential oils of sembukan were hydrogenated Linalool, Eugenol, Tetradecane, Heksadecane, and Dibutyl phthalate.

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