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Journal : Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering

Kinetic Modeling of Flocculation and Coalescence in the System Emulsion of Water-Xylene-Terbutyl Oleyl Glycosides Harsa Pawignya; Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Bambang Pramudono
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 1 Year 2019 (April 2019)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2594.60-68

Abstract

The development of a mathematical model for explaining the kinetics of flocculation and coalescence of emulsion droplets is essential to study the stability of an emulsion system of the kinetics of emulsion stability. Mathematic models was developed from the equation Van Den Tempel by modifying emulsion systems. The emulsion was made by mixing water-xylene and surfactant tert-butyl oleyl glycosides. This research studied the effect of stirrer speed on the value of flocculation rate constant (a) and coalescence rate constant (K). The model identified the emulsion development condition whether controlled by coalescence or flocculation. It was observed that under lower agitation speed (1000 rpm) the emulsion development was controlled by flocculation mechanism, while a faster agitation (2000 rpm or higher) exhibited coalescence controlled mechanism. The results confirmed that the 1st model was the most appropriate for water-xylene-TBOG emulsion system. From four models after fitting with experimental data, the most suitable model is 4th model, because it has the smallest error of 2.22 %. 
Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance and Kinetic Improvement of Reusable W-based POM Composite for Produced Water Treatment Kusworo, Tutuk Djoko; Kumoro, Andri Cahyo; Veda, Adalia; Mafazan, Rafi; Puspa, Meitri Bella; Azizah, Dita Aulia; Utomo, Dani Puji
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026) (Issue in Progress)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20616

Abstract

Produced water treatment remains a major challenge due to its complex contaminant composition and the limited efficiency and reusability of conventional photocatalysts. Polyoxometalate (POM)-based materials offer high redox activity and structural tunability. This study presents a novel tungsten-based polyoxometalate (W-based POM) composite with enhanced photocatalytic performance and kinetic superiority for produced water treatment. The objective of this work was to synthesize a reusable W-based POM composite and systematically evaluate its photocatalytic activity, adsorption behavior, kinetics, and stability. The composite was synthesized via a solvothermal method using Na₂WO₄·2H₂O and DMF. Photocatalytic experiments were performed by varying catalyst dosage (0.1–0.5 g), irradiation time (30-180 min), and reusability cycles. The W-based POM composite exhibited a rhombic polyhedral morphology with a well-organized three-dimensional POM framework, reduced crystallite size (14.8 nm), and compressive lattice strain, contributing to improved charge mobility. Optical analysis revealed a red-shift in the absorption edge, reducing the band gap from 2.80 eV to 2.25 eV and enhancing visible-light utilization. Photocatalytic experiments demonstrated high treatment efficiency, achieving 90% NH₃–N and 84% total dissolved solids (TDS) removal under UV irradiation within 180 minutes at an optimal dosage of 0.3 g. Adsorption behavior followed the Dubinin–Radushkevich and Temkin isotherm models, indicating an ion-exchange-dominated mechanism, while kinetic analysis revealed a multi-step process governed by intraparticle diffusion. The composite maintained stable performance over three consecutive cycles without significant activity loss. Overall, the results highlight the strong potential of W-based POM composites as efficient, reusable, and scalable photocatalysts for advanced produced water treatment. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).