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Journal : Waste Technology

Studies of thermal annealing and dope composition on the enhancement of separation performance cellulose acetate membrane for brackish water treatment from Jepara Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Budiyono Budiyono; U. N. A. Rochyani; E. Sofiana
Waste Technology Vol 2, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (257.956 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/2.2.63-66

Abstract

Membrane is an alternative technology of water treatment with filtration principle that is being widely developed and used for water treatment. The main objective of this study was to make an asymmetric membrane using cellulose acetate polymer and study the effect of additive and annealing treatment on the morphology structure and performance of cellulose acetate membranes in brackish water treatment. Asymmetric membranes for brackish water treatment were casted using a casting machine process from dope solutions containing cellulose acetates and acetone as a solvent. Membranes was prepared by phase inversion method  with variation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration of 1 and 5 wt% and with thermal annealing at 60 oC in 10 seconds and without thermal annealing behavior. Membrane characterization consists of calculation of membrane flux and rejection with brackish water as a feed from Jepara. The research concluded that asymmetric cellulose acetate membrane can be made by dry/wet phase inversion method. The more added concentration of PEG will be resulted the larger pore of membrane. Meanwhile the higher temperature and the longer time of annealing treatment, the skin layer of membrane become denser. Membrane with the composition of 18 wt% cellulose acetate, 5 wt% PEG, 1 wt% distilled water, with heat treatment at temperature of 60 oC for 10 seconds is obtained optimal performance.
Enhanced biogas separation performance of nanocomposite polyethersulfone membranes using carbon nanotubes Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Budiyono Budiyono
Waste Technology Vol 1, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2166.775 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/1.2.10-14

Abstract

This study is performed primarily to investigate the effect of chemical modification on carbon nanotubes surface towards biogas purification performance of mixed matrix membrane. In this study, polyethersulfone (PES)-carbon nanotubes mixed matrix hollow fiber membrane for modified and unmodified carbon nanotubese were spun using dry/wet spinning technique. The modified carbon nanotubes were prepared by treating the carbon nanotubes with acid treatment to allow PES chains to be attached on carbon nanotubes surface. The results from the FESEM, DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed that chemical modification on carbon nanotubes surface had taken place. Meanwhile, the nanogaps in the interface of polymer and carbon nanotubes were appeared in the PES mixed matrix membrane with unmodified of carbon nanotubes. The modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane increases the mechanical properties, the productivity and purity of biogas compare to neat PES and unmodified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane. For PES-modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane the maximum selectivity achieved for CO2/CH4 is 32.59.
The effect of pH and operation mode for COD removal of slaughterhouse wastewater with Anaerobic Batch Reactor (ABR) Maria Octoviane Dyan; Gita Permana Putra; Budiyono Budiyono; Siswo Sumardiono; Tutuk Djoko Kusworo
Waste Technology Vol 3, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (783.332 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/3.1.7-13

Abstract

Disposal of industrial wastes in large quantities was not in accordance with today's standards of waste into environmental issues that must be overcome with proper treatment. Similarly, the abattoir wastewater that contains too high organic compounds and suspended solids. The amount of liquid waste disposal Slaughterhouse (SW) with high volume also causes pollution. The research aim to resolve this problem by lowering the levels of BOD-COD to comply with effluent quality standard. Anaerobic process is the right process for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment because of high content of organic compounds that can be utilized by anaerobic bacteria as a growth medium. Some research has been conducted among abattoir wastewater treatment using anaerobic reactors such as ABR, UASB and ASBR. Our research focuses on the search for the optimum results decline effluent COD levels to match the quality standards limbah and cow rumen fluid with biodigester ABR (Anaerobic Batch Reactor). The variables used were PH of 6, 7, and 8, as well as the concentration ratio of COD: N is 400:7; 450:7, and 500:7. COD value is set by the addition of N derived from urea [CO(NH2) 2]. COD levels will be measured daily by water displacement technique. The research’s result for 20 days seen that optimum PH for biogas production was PH 7,719 ml. The optimum PH for COD removal is PH 6, 72.39 %. The operation mode COD:N for biogas production and COD removal is 500:7, with the production value is 601 ml and COD removal value is 63.85 %. The research’s conclusion, the PH optimum for biogas production was PH 7, then the optimum PH for COD removal is PH 6. The optimum operation mode COD:N for biogas production and COD removal was 500:7
Treatment of Natural Rubber Wastewater using Photoactive Nanocomposite Membrane PSf/sulfonated ZnO: Performance Evaluation, HAZOP, and Risk Analysis Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Widayat Widayat; Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.2.35-49

Abstract

The application of nanocomposite membranes for high organic wastewater treatment faces several problems such as impurities and low permeate flux. In this study, sulfonated ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated in the PSf membrane. SEM images reveal that sZnO has good compatibility with PSf polymers and the FTIR spectrum also forms sulfonic acid groups on the composite membrane. The addition of sZnO into PSf increased the PWF value but overloading caused a significant decrease. The surface hydrophilicity of the membrane was also enhanced by the incorporation of sZnO into the PSf membrane. The performance evaluation showed a significant increase in flux from 9.0 to 14.5 L.m-2.h-1 and a disappointment rate for ammonium ion (NH4+) up to 87%. Increased hydrophilicity was also revealed by decreasing the air contact angle from 79.33° to 55.67°. PVA-coated membranes can increase COD rejection up to ~88%, which is 8 times higher than uncoated composite membranes. The PVA coating also reduced the tendency of organic fouling on the membrane during rubber wastewater filtration by reducing the total fouling resistance from 14.2 x 10-11 to 9.91 x 10-11 m-1. The HAZOP and risk analysis were also studied in this work regarding on their practical application in industrial scale..
Performance and antifouling evaluation of PSf/GO nanohybrid membrane on removing dye pollutant from batik wastewater Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Dita Aulia Azizah; Andri Cahyo Kumoro
Waste Technology Vol 11, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/11.1.17-27

Abstract

Membrane technology is the most widely used technology in the field of separation and purification of wastewater. Most of the problems that arise in the application of membrane technology are the high resistance of the membrane during the filtration process, so that fouling is easily formed in both the pores and the membrane surface. The incorporation of nanoparticles in the membrane matrix has been widely known as a method to improve membrane performance. In this study, we introduce the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) advanced material nanoparticles in a polysulfone (PSf) membrane matrix as an effort to treat dye wastewater from the batik industry. The results of the SEM-EDX test showed the membrane smooth surface with larger pore and minimal defects indicating GO nanoparticles were well changed the polysulfone membrane matrix. In addition, an increase in oxygen content in the membrane matrix was also detected as a result of GO incorporation confirming the increased hydrophilicity of the polysulfone membrane. This is also supported by data on increasing water uptake and decreasing contact angle of PSf/GO membranes compared to native PSf. Evaluation of membrane performance showed that the incorporation of GO in the PSf matrix produced permeate with higher quantity and quality than the native PSf membrane. Quantitative analysis of fouling behavior also shows that the incorporation of GO as much as 2 wt-% has succeeded in increasing flux recovery ratio and reducing the PSf membrane resistance which reflects the tendency to form fouling is also getting lower. This membrane material has good prospects in the future as the first step in processing dye wastewater from various industries, especially the batik industry.
Sustainable Batik Wastewater Treatment using Advanced PVDF/NiFe@SiO2 Nanocomposite Photocatalytic Membrane Kusworo, Tutuk Djoko; Budiyono, Budiyono; Sumardiono, Siswo
Waste Technology Vol 12, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/11.2.112-119

Abstract

The primary concern associated with the Batik industry lies in the presence of pollutant dyes that contribute to environmental contamination. Addressing this issue involves exploring various wastewater treatment methods, with membrane technology being a viable approach. In this study, a photocatalytic material, NiFe@SiO2, synthesized through the sol-gel technique, was incorporated into a PVDF membrane. Characterization results from SEM surface, indicated that the PVDF/NiFe@SiO2 membrane displayed superior characteristics compared to other membranes. The addition of the NiFe@SiO2 photocatalyst increased membrane porosity, hydrophilicity, water absorption capacity, and affinity towards water molecules. The PVDF/NiFe@SiO2 membrane exhibited enhanced performance in terms of permeate flux, pollutant rejection, stability, recyclability, and durability. Notably, the fabricated photocatalytic membrane demonstrated superior antifouling performance and flux recovery capability when operating under UV radiation. The study also delved into the influence of wastewater pretreatment on antifouling membrane performance. The modified membrane successfully reduced fouling levels on the membrane by enhancing FRR from ~70% to ~90%. This insight into how pretreatment affects the antifouling properties of wastewater opens avenues for innovative solutions and enhanced design strategies to improve the efficiency and sustainability of wastewater treatment processes. Future research endeavors could focus on maximizing the potential of the bentonite adsorbent in wastewater pretreatment and exploring the full capabilities of the NiFe@SiO2 photocatalyst in enhancing the photocatalytic and antifouling performance of the membrane.
Kinetic and Isotherm Analysis of TiO₂/UiO-66-NH₂ Composites for Treating Produced Water Contaminants Kusworo, Tutuk Djoko; Budiyono, Budiyono
Waste Technology Vol 12, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/12.2.%p

Abstract

The TiO₂/UiO-66-NH₂ composites synthesized through a hydrothermal method, demonstrated a significant enhancement in photocatalytic activity under visible light, offering a promising solution for the treatment of pollutants in produced water. These composites exhibited exceptional photocatalytic adsorption and degradation capabilities, efficiently removing various contaminants. The adsorption process during pollutant removal was effectively modeled by both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, indicating the heterogeneous nature of the adsorption sites and the monolayer adsorption behavior, respectively. The composites achieved impressive removal efficiencies of 88.46% for NH₃-N and 81.97% for total dissolved solids (TDS), underscoring their potential to address common pollutants in produced water. UV-vis spectroscopy analysis revealed a band gap energy of 2.28 eV for the TiO₂/UiO-66-NH₂ composites, which is lower than that of pure TiO₂, contributing to enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible light. This reduced band gap improves the material's ability to absorb visible light, thereby facilitating more efficient degradation of organic pollutants. Furthermore, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption process for both TiO₂ and TiO₂@UiO-66-NH₂ composites, suggesting that chemisorption is the dominant mechanism for NH₃-N removal. This indicates that the composites exhibit a high affinity for NH₃-N, effectively removing it from produced water. Overall, the TiO₂/UiO-66-NH₂ composites provide a promising approach for mitigating contaminants in produced water, demonstrating their potential for use in both environmental and industrial water treatment applications.