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S. Sujito
Jurusan Fisika, Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA) Universitas Jember
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Physical and Mechanical Properties of Chitosan Bioplastics with Ramie Fiber Concentration Variations Umi Jamilah; Sujito; N. Hidayatillah; E. Hidayah
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jsmi.2026.14276

Abstract

Bioplastics are biodegradable materials derived from natural polymers such as starch, cellulose, lignin, or chitosan and are considered sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics. In this study, chitosan-based bioplastics were prepared using chitosan extracted from fish scales and reinforced with alkali-treated ramie fibers. Chitosan was dissolved in 1% acetic acid at 50 °C for 4 h, followed by the addition of 5% citric acid and ramie fibers at various contents (15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% relative to chitosan mass), and stirred for an additional hour. The resulting bioplastics were characterized for tensile strength, elastic modulus, water absorption, and surface morphology using SEM. The results indicate that ramie fiber content significantly influences the mechanical and physical properties of the bioplastics. Increasing the fiber content generally enhances tensile strength and reduces water absorption; however, excessive fiber loading can lead to performance deterioration. The optimum formulation was achieved at 25% ramie fiber, exhibiting a tensile strength of 39.60 MPa, an elastic modulus of 43.35 MPa, and a reduction in water absorption of approximately 43% compared to fiber-free bioplastics, along with a more homogeneous surface structure. These findings demonstrate that ramie fiber reinforcement effectively improves the performance of chitosan-based bioplastics.
Effect of Hair Particle Filler on the Characteristics of Green Composite Based on Bacterial Cellulose Umi Lailatul Jamilah; Endhah Purwandari; Sujito Sujito
Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jfpc.v5i1.563

Abstract

The growing demand for sustainable materials and effective waste management has encouraged the development of environmentally friendly composites. Green composites are a promising alternative to conventional materials for environmental preservation. In this study, bacterial cellulose derived from nata de coco was used as a matrix, while haircut waste particles served as a filler. Composites were fabricated via compression molding at 170 °C with filler contents of 0, 15, 25, 35, and 45 wt.%. The synthesized materials were characterized through tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Increasing hair-particle content increased the elastic modulus from 44.11 ± 3.02 MPa (A1) to 130.46 ± 4.94 MPa (A2), indicating enhanced stiffness of the composite; however, further increases in filler content slightly reduced the modulus due to possible void formation and weaker interfacial adhesion. In contrast, the tensile strength decreased progressively from 11.54 ± 0.56 MPa (A1) to 5.16 ± 0.52 MPa (A5) with increasing filler content. SEM observations revealed the formation of voids and weaker matrix–filler interactions at higher filler contents, which contributed to the reduction in tensile strength. FTIR spectra showed the presence of O–H, C–H, and C=O functional groups, suggesting possible interactions between bacterial cellulose and hair particles. Overall, a filler content of 15 wt.% provides the best balance between stiffness and structural integrity, demonstrating the potential of hair waste as a sustainable reinforcement in bacterial cellulose-based green composites.
Co-Authors Aan Ubaidillah Afril Priyanto Devita Amelia Dikky Suryadi E. Hidayah Edy Wibowo Endhah Purwandari Hanim Munawaroh Imam Rofi’i Iwan Adhicandra Kraugusteeliana Kraugusteeliana Melbi Mahardika Mochamad Asrofi Mochammad Edoward Ramadhan Muchamad Sobri Sungkar N. Hidayatillah Nindha Ayu Berlianti Nuzulul Rahmah Rija Rizqi Maulana Salahuddin Junus Santoso Mulyadi Sutisna Sutisna Tri Widagdo Umi Jamilah Umi Lailatul Jamilah Wenny Maulina Widjaja, Warkianto Yuda C Hariadi, Yuda C Yuni Hermawan