Dwi Liliek Kusindarta
Bagian Anatomi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta

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Development of Skeletal Ossification in Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus) from Juvenile to Adulthood Pangestiningsih, Tri Wahyu; Wendo, Woro Danur; Kusindarta, Dwi Liliek
Jurnal Medik Veteriner Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jmv.vol7.iss2.2024.310-319

Abstract

The climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) is a freshwater fish that can withstand highly unfavorable environments and stay out of the water for extended periods. Its anatomical characteristics showed terrestrial adaptation and terrestrial locomotion properties enable the use of climbing perch as an animal model. Moreover, its bone and cartilage profiles at different stages are crucial to improving the anatomical information for the osteogenesis model candidate. The current study aimed to illustrate the skeletal profiles of juvenile and adult climbing perch with the whole staining method. The samples included two adults and two juvenile climbing perch from Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The fish were euthanized using β-hydroxyethyl phenyl ether in a lethal dose. The skeleton was examined using the Alcian blue–Alizarin red whole staining, which revealed the bones and cartilage under the stereomicroscope. The result showed that the bone is the main skeleton. Cartilage was detected in the area surrounding the orbit in the adult climbing perch and in the pterotic, pterosphenoid, prootic, and distal end of the hypural, parhypural, and basal pectoral girdle in the juvenile climbing perch. Endochondral osteogenesis was found in juvenile to adult climbing perch.
Sistem Memori dan Pembelajaran pada Mamalia susilowati, ari; Widiyanto, Slamet; Kusindarta, Dwi Liliek; Wijayanti, Nastiti
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 15 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v15i3.17604

Abstract

Memory formation in mammals involves complex stages, from initial learning to long-term storage. This review highlights key memory-related genes and proteins such as SYNGAP1, Arc/Arg3.1, BDNF, FOXP2, COMT, NR3C1, KIBRA, H-Ras, ERK1/2, and other genes. Mammals serve as important models in memory research due to their evolutionary proximity to humans, providing insights into brain structures such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, which are crucial in memory processes. Molecular mechanisms such as transcription, translation, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP), and long-term depression (LTD), as well as neurotransmitters like glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin, are comprehensively discussed with a focus on small, large mammals, and humans. Neurotransmitters affect various functions, including emotion, cognition, memory, learning, and motor functions in test animals. Disruptions in neurotransmitter homeostasis have been linked to numerous neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting the need to understand the complex mechanisms behind memory in mammals. A brief overview of genes and neurotransmitters related to memory and learning will provide insights and considerations in basic neurobiology and biomedical research.