Muh. Arif Royyani
Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

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Shahadah 'Ilmy; Integrating Fiqh and Astronomy Paradigm in Determining The Arrival of Lunar Months in Indonesia Muh. Arif Royyani; Abdul Mufid; M. Ihtirozun Ni’am; Alfian Qodri Azizi; Achmad Azis Abidin
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 16 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v16i2.5320

Abstract

Formulating the fixed methodology for determining the beginning of Ramadan month and Islamic Feast in Indonesia is still ongoing. This article attempts to offer an integration between sharia and scientific views through 1) the concept of shahadah (witnessing) in the paradigm of fiqh and astronomy, and 2) the integration of those paradigms in determining the beginning of lunar months, particularly Ramadan and Syawal. This study uses qualitative methods in gaining the data then analyzes it using the approach of Miles & Huberman on interdisciplinary study. The findings of this research are as follows: 1) the concept of shahadah in the paradigm of fiqh is based on religious vows and factual evidence, while the astronomical paradigm perceives it from the certainty of external factors (weather, climate, environment, etc.). 2) Integration of those two paradigms results in better methods. It can turn the shahadah into the quality of qat'i (fixed) while the astronomic perspective gains more legitimacy. The integration is therefore called shahadah-'ilmi which potentially integrates the criteria of crescent visibility (imkan al-rukyah) in Indonesia to minimize the common occurrence on differences in determining those days. (Penetapan awal bulan Ramadhan dan Hari Raya di Indonesia masih terus dirumuskan metodologinya. Artikel ini menawarkan integrasi antara sudut pandang syari’ah dan saintifik melalui kajian atas 1) konsep syahadah dalam paradigma fiqh dan astronomi, 2) integrasi paradigma fiqh dan astronomi dalam menetapkan awal bulan Islam, utamanya Ramadhan dan Syawal. Penelitian ini menggali data dengan metode kualitatif kemudian menganalisisnya dengan pendekatan Miles & Huberman tentang kajian interdisipliner. Temuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Konsep shahadah dalam paradigma fiqh adalah penglihatan yang disertai dengan sumpah dan bukti faktual, sementara dalam paradigma astronomi, shahadah didasarkan pada kepastian ukuran dari faktor–faktor eksternal meliputi cuaca, iklim dan lingkungan. 2) Integrasi dua paradigma tersebut menghasilkan metode yang lebih baik dalam penentuan awal Ramadhan dan Syawal. Shahadah dalam sudut pandang fiqh berubah menjadi qath’i (pasti), sementara hasil persaksian astronomi semakin memperoleh legitimasi. Integrasi kedua paradigma melahirkan konsep shahadah-'ilmi yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan tampaknya hilal (rukyah hilal) awal Ramadhan dan Syawal di Indonesia sehingga perbedaan yang kerap terjadi dalam menentukan dua awal bulan tersebut dapat diminalisir.)
Karl Popper's Falsification Theory of the Determination of the Gregorian Calendar Based on the Book of Risalatul Falakiyah K.H Misbachul Munir Imroatul Munfaridah; Novi Fitia Maliha; Muh. Arif Royyani; Khalaf Mohamed Abdel Salam Bayumi
International Journal Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din Vol 25, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/ihya.25.2.18178

Abstract

The book of Risalatul Falakiyah is the work of KH. Misbachul Munir has a unique side compared to the Gregorian Calendar in general. This uniqueness is seen at the start of the calculation of the day and the market, namely Tuesday Pahing, while the count generally starts on Sunday Legi. This article aims to analyze the total of the Gregorian Calendar based on the book of Risalatul Falakiyah based on Karl Poper's falsification theory and analyze the accuracy of the comparison between the concept of calculating the Gregorian Calendar of the book of Risalatul Falakiyah using contemporary calculations based on technology. This research uses library research by conducting qualitative-descriptive analysis of data collected through documentation and interviews. The results showed: First, based on Karl Popper's falsification theory that the Gregorian calendar calculation theory of the book of Risalatul Falakiyah by K.H Misbachul Munir was proven by its correctness by comparing and testing its calculations with the standard formula of science obtained the same results. Second, based on the comparison and testing of technology-based calendar masehi calculations with mawaqit, it was found that the calendar calculation results from the book of Risalatul Falakiyah had the same accuracy as the calculation of mawaqit software.