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EFEK MORTALITAS DAN PENGHAMBATAN MAKAN BEBERAPA EKSTRAK TUMBUHAN ASAL KABUPATEN MERAUKE, PAPUA TERHADAP LARVA CROCIDOLOMIA PAVONANA (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) Mendes, Johana Anike; ., Dadang; Ratna, Endang Sri
JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA Vol 16, No 2 (2016): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA

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Mortality and feeding inhibition effects of several plant extracts collected from Merauke Distric, Papua againstÂ Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) larvae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The objective of this research was to study mortality and feeding inhibition effects of several plants extract species collected from Merauke District Papua as botanical insecticides against Crocidolomia pavonana larvae. Seven plants used in the research were Areca catechu seeds (Arecaceae), Eucalyptus pellita tree barks (Myrtaceae), Myrmecodia pendans tubers (Rubiaceae), Piper aduncum fruits (Piperaceae), Piper betle leaves (Piperaceae), Pandanus conoideus fruits (Pandanaceae), and Zingiber officinale rhizomes (Zingiberaceae). Each plant extract was tested to 2nd instar C. pavonana larvae. The insecticidal activities were assessed including mortality and feeding inhibition activities. Extract concentrations for mortality tests using topical application method were 0,1%, 0,5%, 1%, 2%, and control, while extract concentrations for feeding inhibition tests using choice and no choice methods were 0,25%, 0,5%, 1%, 2%, and control. Each treatment was introduced to ten C. pavonana larvae and replicated five times. The results showed that P. aduncum and P. conoideus fruits extracts gave 100% mortality at 2% rate. Extract of P. betle leaf at 2% rate totally inhibited feeding activity of larvae (100%) using choice method, while extract of Z. officinale rhizome at 2% rate resulted in moderate feeding inhibition effect (75%) using no choice method.Â

EFEK MORTALITAS DAN PENGHAMBATAN MAKAN BEBERAPA EKSTRAK TUMBUHAN ASAL KABUPATEN MERAUKE, PAPUA TERHADAP LARVA CROCIDOLOMIA PAVONANA (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) Mendes, Johanna Anike; ., Dadang; Ratna, Endang Sri
JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA Vol 16, No 2 (2016): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Mortality and feeding inhibition effects of several plant extracts collected from Merauke Distric, Papua againstÂ Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) larvae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The objective of this research was to study mortality and feeding inhibition effects of several plants extract species collected from Merauke District Papua as botanical insecticides against Crocidolomia pavonana larvae. Seven plants used in the research were Areca catechu seeds (Arecaceae), Eucalyptus pellita tree barks (Myrtaceae), Myrmecodia pendans tubers (Rubiaceae), Piper aduncum fruits (Piperaceae), Piper betle leaves (Piperaceae), Pandanus conoideus fruits (Pandanaceae), and Zingiber officinale rhizomes (Zingiberaceae). Each plant extract was tested to 2nd instar C. pavonana larvae. The insecticidal activities were assessed including mortality and feeding inhibition activities. Extract concentrations for mortality tests using topical application method were 0,1%, 0,5%, 1%, 2%, and control, while extract concentrations for feeding inhibition tests using choice and no choice methods were 0,25%, 0,5%, 1%, 2%, and control. Each treatment was introduced to ten C. pavonana larvae and replicated five times. The results showed that P. aduncum and P. conoideus fruits extracts gave 100% mortality at 2% rate. Extract of P. betle leaf at 2% rate totally inhibited feeding activity of larvae (100%) using choice method, while extract of Z. officinale rhizome at 2% rate resulted in moderate feeding inhibition effect (75%) using no choice method.

CHARACTERISTICS AND TOXICITY OF NANOEMULSION FORMULATION OF PIPER RETROFRACTUM AND TAGETES ERECTA EXTRACT MIXTURES Nuryanti, Ni Siluh Putu; Martono, Edhi; Ratna, Endang Sri; ., Dadang
JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA Vol 18, No 1 (2018): MARET, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Characteristics and Toxicity of Nanoemulsion Formulations of Piper retrofractum and Tagetes erecta Extract Mixtures. Nanotechnology has been used in the developing of botanical insecticide formulation for improving its stability and effectiveness. The research was aimed to make nanoemulsion formulations of Piper retrofractum fruits and Tagetes erecta flowers extracts and to evaluate their toxicity against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens [StÃ¥l]) nymphs. The development of nanoemulsion formulaions was carried out by using the low energy method with inversion phase emulsification.Â The toxicity of the four formulations was tested against brown planthopper nymphs using a contact method. Four nanoemulsion formulations were obtained.Â The study showed that in the developing of the formulations, the type and level of emulsifier materials affected the physical characteristics of formulas, such as stability, surface tension, viscosity, particle size, and particle morphology. The nanoemulsion formulation containing 1% of the mixture of P. retrofractum fruits and T. erecta flowers extracts, 1.75% Triton X-100 emulsifier showed the highest toxic on the brown planthopper nymph, with the LC95 value was 0.15%.Â The study indicates that nanoemulsion formulation of P. retrofractum and T. erecta extracts are potential to be developed as botanical insecticide to control brown planthopper of rice.

Respons Biologi Wereng Batang Coklat terhadap Biokimia Tanaman Padi Rahmini, Rahmini; Hidayat, Purnama; Ratna, Endang Sri; Winasa, I Wayan; Manuwoto, Syafrida
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

In developing rice varieties resistant to brown planthopper (BPH), information on responses of the BPH to the rice plants were needed. The aim of the research was to study the biological responses of BPH on biochemical factors of some rice varieties. The study was conducted on June 2010 to April 2012 in Muara Research Station, of the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) and at Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology, Plant Protection Department, Bogor Agriculture University. The biological responses of the BPH to rice varieties were studied in terms of adult settling preference, feeding activity using the honeydew test, and life table analysis. The biochemical factors of the rice varieties, namely sucrose and oxalic acid contents were analyzed. Rice varieties TN1 (no resistance gene), IR26 (Bph1), IR42 (bph2), IR64 (Bph1+), IR74 (Bph3), PTB33 (bph2+Bph3), and Inpari13 (unknown resistance gene) were used in this study. The BPH showed similar non-preference reactions to the resistant varieties and Inpari13 for settling. Feeding activity of the adult female BPH was the highest on the susceptible variety TN1 and the lowest on the resistant variety PTB33. The highest mortality of BPH occurred at larval stages, especially in the first and second instars. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (Ro) of the BPH were higher on the susceptible variety TN1, but the doubling time (DT) was shorter than those on the resistant varieties. The resistant variety PTB33 contained high oxalic acid and low sucrose. On the contrary, the susceptible variety TN1 contained low oxalic acid and high sucrose. These biochemical factors contributed in rice plant resistance to BPH.

CHARACTERISTICS AND TOXICITY OF NANOEMULSION FORMULATION OF PIPER RETROFRACTUM AND TAGETES ERECTA EXTRACT MIXTURES Nuryanti, Ni Siluh Putu; Martono, Edhi; Ratna, Endang Sri; ., Dadang
JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA Vol 18, No 1 (2018): MARCH, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Characteristics and Toxicity of Nanoemulsion Formulations of Piper retrofractum and Tagetes erecta Extract Mixtures. Nanotechnology has been used in the developing of botanical insecticide formulation for improving its stability and effectiveness. The research was aimed to make nanoemulsion formulations of Piper retrofractum fruits and Tagetes erecta flowers extracts and to evaluate their toxicity against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens [Stål]) nymphs. The development of nanoemulsion formulaions was carried out by using the low energy method with inversion phase emulsification. The toxicity of the four formulations was tested against brown planthopper nymphs using a contact method. Four nanoemulsion formulations were obtained. The study showed that in the developing of the formulations, the type and level of emulsifier materials affected the physical characteristics of formulas, such as stability, surface tension, viscosity, particle size, and particle morphology. The nanoemulsion formulation containing 1% of the mixture of P. retrofractum fruits and T. erecta flowers extracts, 1.75% Triton X-100 emulsifier showed the highest toxic on the brown planthopper nymph, with the LC95 value was 0.15%. The study indicates that nanoemulsion formulation of P. retrofractum and T. erecta extracts are potential to be developed as botanical insecticide to control brown planthopper of rice.

Eriborus argenteopilosus is the most important parasitoid attacking cabbage pest Crocidolomia pavonana in Indonesia. Previous studies proved that parasitoid encapsulation was found to be an important factor limiting the effectiveness of the parasitoid in controlling pest population in the field. Since 1998, we have conducted series studies to investigate encapsulation mechanism developed by hosts against parasitoid, responses of parasitoid toward encapsulation ability and to determine factors t DAMAYANTI BUCHORI; BANDUNG SAHARI; ENDANG SRI RATNA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 16 No. 4 (2009): December 2009
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.16.4.135

Eriborus argenteopilosus is the most important parasitoid attacking cabbage pest Crocidolomia pavonana in Indonesia. Previous studies proved that parasitoid encapsulation was found to be an important factor limiting the effectiveness of the parasitoid in controlling pest population in the field. Since 1998, we have conducted series studies to investigate encapsulation mechanism developed by hosts against parasitoid, responses of parasitoid toward encapsulation ability and to determine factors that may help parasitoid avoid encapsulation. Parasitoid responses were examined on two different hosts C. pavonana and Spodoptera litura. Our findings showed that parasitization level was found to be high both on C. pavonana and S. litura. Encapsulation occurred to be high in all larva stages of C. pavonana, in contrast encapsulation was recorded very low in all larvae stages of S. litura. We recorded that encapsulation in the larval body of C. pavonana was completed in 72 hours and mostly occurred in higher larval stage. Melanization was only recorded in encapsulated parasitoid inside larva body of C. pavonana, not in S. litura. We recorded that encapsulation increased blood cell number of both larvae C. pavonana and S. litura. Encapsulation may affect development of immature parasitoid. Weight of S. litura’s pupae containing encapsulated parasitoid was found to be lower in S. litura, but not in C. pavonana. Our investigation also proved that superparasitism may help parasitoid avoid encapsulation. Key words: parasitoid, encapsulation, melanization, blood cell number, superparasitism

Polydnavirus Symbiont Detected from Calyx TissuesWasps of Three Lepidopteran Cabbage Pests ENDANG SRI RATNA; DAMAYANTI BUCHORI; TEGUH SANTOSO
Microbiology Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 3 (2011): September 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Society for microbiology

Parasitoid wasps are a potent biological control agent in the field. The successful of parasitism are determined by several factors, among them by the presence of polydnavirus (PDV) symbiont that could break down the immunity mechanism of its host.We explored the existence of PDV on wasps , Snellenius manilae, Cotesia sp., and Diadegma semiclausum a group of parasitoid on cabbage pests in Indonesia. Morphological study of PDV was done by preparing ultrasectioned calyx tissues and negative stained of extracted calyx fluid of adult parasitoids. Virogenic stroma resulted from differentiated calyxepithelial cells appeared on all three wasps. Bracovirus and ichnovirus were detected from the calyx tissues of S. manila and D. semiclausum . The electron dense materials of PDV were distributed within nucleus and vacuolated cytoplasm of calyx cells, calyx lumen and on the surface of eggs wasps. PDVs particles were also shown in the extracted calyx fluid of Cotesia sp.

PENGARUH IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA [60Co] TERHADAP BACTROCERA CARAMBOLAE DREW & HANCOCK IN VITRO DAN IN VIVO Endang Sri Ratna; Kemas Usman; Indah Arastuti; Dadan Hindayana
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 15 No. 1 (2015): MARET, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Effect of gamma irradiation [60Co] against Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock in vitro and in vivo. Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock is one of the most important pests on guava fruit. According to a quarantine regulation in export-import commodities, irradiation treatment is a suitable methods for eradicating infested organism, which is relatively safe for the environment. The aim of this research was to determine mortality doses and an effective dose of [60Co] gamma ray irradiation for the eradication purpose, and its implication on the survival of fruit fly B. carambolae. Two irradiation methods of in vitro dan in vivo were carried out, by exposing egg and 3rd instar larvae of B. carambolae obtained from the laboratory reared insect. Eleven doses of gamma ray irradiation of 0, 30, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 300, 450, and 600 Gy were applied, respectively. The level of 99% fruit fly mortality was estimated by the value of LD99 using probit analysis and the number of larvae, pupae and adult survival were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the means compared by Tukeyâ€™s test, at 5% of significance level. These result showed that the effective lethal dose (LD99) of irradiation that could be successful to eradicate eggs and 3rd instar larvae in vitro were 2225 and 2343 Gy and in vivo were 3165 dan 3177 Gy, respectively. Almost all of the treated larvae survived and developed to pupae, therefore only the minimum irradiation dose of 30 Gy allowed the pupae to develop into adults.

PENGARUH DOSIS SUBLETAL IMIDAKLOPRID TERHADAP KESINTASAN POPULASI WERENG COKLAT PADA VARIETAS PADI RENTAN DAN TAHAN Endang Sri Ratna; Angga Satria Firmansyah; Rahmini .
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 16 No. 1 (2016): MARET, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Sublethal dose effect of imidacloprid on the survival of brown planthoppers on resistant and susceptible rice varieties.Â Imidacloprid insecticides and resistant rice varieties are commonly used to control the the rice brown planthopper (BPH)Â Nilaparvata lugens in the field. The aim of this research was to evaluate the resistance of N. lugens to imidacloprid and the influence of sublethal dose of the insecticide applied to a certain resistant rice varieties on the survival of BPH. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse trial at Indonesian Center for Rice Research, Sukamandi, West Java. Each pair of adult BPH were infested on three rice varieties Ciherang, Inpari 13, and Pelita, and then followed by spraying five doses of imidacloprid. The the effective dose rate of imidacloprid on BPH was determined by the value of LD95 compared with the recommended dose (20 g a.i. ha-1). The nymphal survival was concidered as a result of the applied sublethal doses. The numbers of nymphal progenies were observed until two peaks populations of both first and second generations. The insecticide then was applied at LD50 dose equivalent on adult BPH of the second generation. The number of laid eggs and the abnormal egg shapes were counted. Imidacloprid doses that were unefffective against BPH showed by the values of LD95 were 1224.3, 2799.0, dan 4692.8 g a.i. ha-1 at Ciherang, Inpari 13 dan Pelita rice varieties, respectively. Seven days after application of imidacoprid, about 70-90% of adult BPH still survived. Sublethal dosages of imidacloprid tended to increase the survival of BPH on a resistant rice variety of Inpari 13, as reflected by the number of nymphal progeny of 156-169 BPH/plant at the first population peak. Imidacloprid treatment increased the number of laid egg, but had no effect on the egg sterility.

EFISIENSI PARASITISASI INANG SPODOPTERA LITURA (F.) OLEH ENDOPARASITOID SNELLENIUS MANILAE ASHMEAD DI LABORATORIUM Endang Sri Ratna .
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 8 No. 1 (2008): MARET, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Eficiency of parasitization on larval host, Spodoptera litura (F.), by an endoparasitoid Snellenius (=Microplitis)manilae Ashmead in the laboratory. The armyworm, Spodoptera litura (F.) is the host of an endoparasitoid Snelleniusmanilae Ashmead. This research described the effect of host larval stage preference, the number of host exposure and theage of parasitoid on the resulting parasitization. Each group of the first to the fifth of host instar (30 larvae) was exposed for3 hours to a pair of four-day old parasitoids in a trial cage. The same exposures were conducted without choices by placingeach instar group within each trial cage. The parasitoid survival was observed by maintaining the parasitized larvae untiladult emergence. Each group of 10, 20, 30 and 40 of the second instar larvae were exposed for 12 hours/day to a matedfemale parasitoid. This experiment was conducted from the first day old parasitoid until the females died. The percentageof parasitization, superparasitization, oviposition and the fecundity of adults were recorded. Each group of thirty secondinstar larvae was exposed separately to a mated female parasitoid of 1 to 9 days old. The survival of progeny was recorded.All treatments in this observation were repeated 10 times. S. manilae preferred to lay eggs on the third (41.7%) followed bythe second (22.3%) instar larvae of S. litura. The lowest percentages of superparasitization obtained from the first and thesecond instar larvae were between 11 and 15% and the highest percentage of superparasitization obtained from the fourthinstar larvae was 52%. The highest survival of parasitoid was found on the exposure of the second instar larvae whichreached 16%. The highest efficiency of parasitism (80.9%) was found on the twenty of the second instar larval exposuredensity which produced 59% of optimal parasitization level, the average rate of egg laid by females was 25 eggs/day, andthe fecundity was 185 eggs/female. Female parasitoids of 1-7 days old gave the same opportunity to produce progenysurvival which was in the range of 10.3-25.7%.

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