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KEANEKARAGAMAN PARASITOID DAN ARTROPODA PREDATOR PADA PERTANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT DAN PADI SAWAH DI CINDALI, KABUPATEN BOGOR Pebrianti, Herni Dwinta; Maryana, Nina; Winasa, I Wayan
JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA Vol 16, No 2 (2016): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Diversity of parasitoid and predator arthropod in oil palm and paddy field at Cindali, Bogor Regency. Biodiversity can be defined as the diversity of living things in various places to the riches on earth. Insects as one of the components of biodiversity have an important role in the food web as herbivores, carnivores (parasitoids and predators), and detritivores. The research aimed to study the diversity of parasitoids and predators at two sampling locations. Sampling was carried out at the oil palm plantation PTPN VIII Cindali, Ranca Bungur, Bogor and at the paddy fields that adjacent to the plantation. This research was conducted in December 2014 until July 2015. This research takes 3 plots in oil palm plantations and 3 plots in paddy field. Each plot consists of 5 subplots, one of each was 18 x 18 m. Sampling was carried out following the paddy age, since 2 week after plantation until paddy harvested and repeated every 2 weeks. This research use three methods, i.e. insect nets, pitfall trap and yellow pan trap. The results showed that the diversity of parasitoids and predators on both planting locations was high. In the oil palm plantations the total number of insect parasitoids and predators was 184 morphospecies from 10 orders and 57 families, while in the paddy fields was 183 morphospecies from 10 orders and 60 families. TelenomusÂ podisi parasitoids and predators Anoplolepis gracilipes is morphospecies with the highest abundance.

Respons Biologi Wereng Batang Coklat terhadap Biokimia Tanaman Padi Rahmini, Rahmini; Hidayat, Purnama; Ratna, Endang Sri; Winasa, I Wayan; Manuwoto, Syafrida
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

In developing rice varieties resistant to brown planthopper (BPH), information on responses of the BPH to the rice plants were needed. The aim of the research was to study the biological responses of BPH on biochemical factors of some rice varieties. The study was conducted on June 2010 to April 2012 in Muara Research Station, of the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) and at Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology, Plant Protection Department, Bogor Agriculture University. The biological responses of the BPH to rice varieties were studied in terms of adult settling preference, feeding activity using the honeydew test, and life table analysis. The biochemical factors of the rice varieties, namely sucrose and oxalic acid contents were analyzed. Rice varieties TN1 (no resistance gene), IR26 (Bph1), IR42 (bph2), IR64 (Bph1+), IR74 (Bph3), PTB33 (bph2+Bph3), and Inpari13 (unknown resistance gene) were used in this study. The BPH showed similar non-preference reactions to the resistant varieties and Inpari13 for settling. Feeding activity of the adult female BPH was the highest on the susceptible variety TN1 and the lowest on the resistant variety PTB33. The highest mortality of BPH occurred at larval stages, especially in the first and second instars. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (Ro) of the BPH were higher on the susceptible variety TN1, but the doubling time (DT) was shorter than those on the resistant varieties. The resistant variety PTB33 contained high oxalic acid and low sucrose. On the contrary, the susceptible variety TN1 contained low oxalic acid and high sucrose. These biochemical factors contributed in rice plant resistance to BPH.

Pelepasan dan Pemangsaan Kumbang Jelajah Paederusfuscipes (Coleoptera:Staphylinidae) Terhadap Telur Dan Larva Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) I Wayan Winasa; Dadan Hindayana; Sugeng Santoso
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2007): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (202.125 KB)

Paederus fuscipes is an important predators in soybean fields, including toward Helicoverpa armigera. Predation evaluation using a cage are very common, giving significant suppressed the exposed pest population. However, predation evaluation in open space is rarely conducted. This study was to investigate the dispersal capability of P. fuscipes, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the beetle release in the predation on H. Armigera eggs and larvae. Observations were made in a soybean field in Mekarwangi Village, Cianjur, during soybean planting season in 2005 and 2006. In the dispersal study, all beetles were collected from the field and tagged on the elitra. As many as 1187 tagged beetle were released. The dispersal was observed in the area within a radius of 40 m from the release point. In the predation study, eggs and larvae of H.armigera from laboratory rearing were used as the prey. Soybean plots with exposed prey were treated by releasing the beetle with different densities, i. e., 100-400 beetles, and a control. The released beetles were from laboratory rearing and beetles were collected from the field. The study indicated that the tagged beetles that were released to the soybean field actively move but their dispersal were relatively slow. Until 5 days after release, most beetles were remain in the area surrounding release point, within a radius of 5 m. Release of predators to the soybean field, suppressed H. armigera egg and larva populations for both vegetative and generative stages, but were not significantly different between treatment and control plots, except for the egg population on vegetative stage. It indicates that population of the natural predator in soybean field were very complex and potential to be used for controling pest populations. Thus, it is important to manage soybean field that can support the role of predators in the field. Key words: predator release, Paederus fuscipes, predation, Helicoverva armigera

Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Tindakan Petani Upsus dalam Mengendalikan Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Padi Kurniawan Effendi; Abdul Munif; I Wayan Winasa
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 25 No. 4 (2020): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.25.4.515

The Special Efforts Program (Upsus) is an Indonesian government program to increase production/productivity of lowland rice to support the realization of food self-sufficiency. The Upsus targets are to increase the planting index by 0.5 and productivity by 0.3 tons/ha/GKP. The increase in planting index is achieved by the expansion of added planting, but the increase in productivity has not been reached optimally due to pest and disease attacks. The objective of this research was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of Upsus farmers in controlling pests and diseases, rice cultivation techniques, and implementation of Upsus in Karawang District. The research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 60 farmers in Tempuran and Tirtajaya Sub-District at Karawang District. The respondents were selected by purposive sampling with the consideration of respondent being an active farmer, having at least 5 years of farming experience, and has ben a member of Upsus for at least 1 year. Most respondents have age in the range of 41-60 years, the highest education of elementary school, and have farming experience for 5-10 years. Pests and diseases are the biggest problems faced by the farmers. Upsus farmers used Ciherang and Inpari 32 varieties and the applications of pesticides were conducted according to the schedule. Most of the farmers could not distinguish between pests and diseases. The dominant pest and disease control carried out was the use of chemical pesticides. Keywords: diseases, pesticides, pests, Upsus

Identifikasi Virus Penyebab Penyakit Kerdil pada Tanaman Padi di Sukamandi, Jawa Barat Amelia Feryna Bulan Dini; I Wayan Winasa; Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 11 No 6 (2015)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Viral diseases on rice is an important constraint for rice production in Indonesia. Research was conducted to determine the incidence of stunting disease in Sukamandi area at Subang regency (West Java), to identify the virus associated with the disease using RT-PCR method, and to analyze coat protein gene sequences. Field observation during growing period on November– December 2014 indicated that the incidence of stunting disease was low (0.01-10.52%). Grassy stunt and ragged stunt symptoms was observed in the fields. Spesific DNA fragments of coat protein gene of Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) and Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) was successfully amplified using specific primers. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that RRSV and RGSV isolates from Subang has the highest homology with RRSV isolates from Vietnam, Philipines and Thailand (97.1 %) and RGSV isolate from Longan, Vietnam (95.8%), respectively.

KOMPATIBILITAS EKSTRAK Piper retrofractrum Vahl. DAN Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. UNTUK PENGENDALIAN Helopeltis antonii Sign. NFN Rohimatun; NFN Dadang; I Wayan Winasa; Sri Yuliani
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 31, No 2 (2020): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v31n2.2020.107-122

Plant extracts as a botanical insecticide can be used in either single or mixture forms. Mixed extracts have advantages: reducing dependence on one plant species, being the synergistic effect which can increase the effectiveness of formulas, and reducing the possibility of resistance emergence. This study aimed to obtain compatible and synergistic comparisons of P. retrofractum with C. xanthorrhiza extracts that effectively control the third instar nymph of Helopeltis antonii. The comparison of P. retrofractum and C. xanthorrhiza extracts were 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 (w/w). The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design using the contact method. The LC50, LC90, and LC95 values were calculated using the PoloPlus Ver 1.0 Program. The mixture interaction was determined from the Combination Index value. The results showed that P. retrofractum extract was compatible and synergistic with C. xanthorrhiza extract at a ratio of 2:1 (w/w). These were the best combination shown by the lowest LC50, LC90, and LC95 values and showed consistently strong synergistic properties compared to other concentrations. The components of P. retrofractum may be responsible for the insecticidal properties are piperine; piperanine; piperidine; 3,4-Pyridinedimethanol,6-methyl; Piperidine,1-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]-,(Z,Z)-; and (2E,4E,12E)-1-(Piperidine-1-yl)octadeca-2,4,12—trien-1-one. The insecticidal activity of C. xanthorrhiza may associated with its content of xanthorrhizol, Ar-curcumene, β-curcumene, curzerene, germacrone, 7-zingiberene, caryophyllene, and β-bisabolol. A combination of these two plant extracts has the potential to be further developed as a botanical insecticide to control H. antonii.

Survey of Rice Pests, Diseases and Natural Enemies on “Upsus” Program in Karawang District, West Java Province Kurniawan Effendi; Abdul Munif; I Wayan Winasa
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 24, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.50365

"Upsus" (Special Efforts) Program is a program to increase crop production and productivity to support the acceleration of food self-sufficiency held by the government. The targets are to increase the planting index (IP) by 0.5 and productivity by 0.3 ton/ha/Harvested Dry Grain (HDG). Increased productivity has not been reached optimally. This research aimed to determine the number/types of the dominant pests and natural enemies, and pests and diseases attack rates in the wetland rice plantation "Upsus" Program in Karawang District. Direct observation was carried out on four stages of plant development, in the nursery stage (10–14 days after sowing) 200–300 m², seedlings stage (10–20 days after planting), vegetative stage (5–6 weeks after planting), and reproductive stage (1–2 weeks after flowering) respectively within an area of 2000 m². Twenty samples were observed in the nursery stage and 50 samples in the following stages. The dominant pests and diseases found were Nilaparvata lugens, Leptocarisa oratorius, Schirpophaga incertulas, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Scotinophara coarctata, Mythimna separata, bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas. oryzae pv. oryzae), blast (Pyricularia grisea) and narrow brown spot (Cercospora oryzae). The recorded dominant natural enemies were Cyrtorhinus sp., Paederus sp., Tetragnatha sp., and Pardosa pseudoannulata. S. incertulas showed the highest attack intensity and the highest disease severity was found in bacterial leaf blight. The largest population of dominant pests and natural enemies was found in the generative stage. The high application of pesticides affected the population of pests, natural enemies, and the level of pest and disease attacks.

INTERAKSI BI-TROFIK KOMUNITAS SERANGGA TANAMAN KEDELAI DENGAN TIGA TEKNIK PENGELOLAAN HAMA DI NGAWI, JAWA TIMUR Ciptadi Achmad Yusup; I Wayan Winasa; Purnama Hidayat
ZOO INDONESIA Vol 28, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019
Publisher : Masyarakat Zoologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52508/zi.v28i2.4098

Parameter Neraca Hayati dan Pertumbuhan Populasi Kutu Putih Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) pada Dua Varietas Ubi Kayu Nila Wardani; Aunu Rauf; Wayan Winasa; Sugeng Santoso
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 14 No. 1 (2014): MARET, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

ABSTRACTThe life history and population growth parameters of mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on two cassava varieties. The development, reproduction, and population growth parameters of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on two cassava varieties were studied in laboratory. The varieties tested were UJ-5 with high cyanide content (>100 mg per kg) dan Adira-1 with low cyanide content (27.5 mg per kg). Our research revealed that P. manihoti performances were highly affected by cassava varieties. Incubation period of eggs of P. manihoti were 7.93 ± 0.09 and 8.33 ± 0.11 days, nymphal development periode 12.32±0.13 and 15.67 ± 0.13 days, respectively on UJ-5 and Adira-1. Fecundity averaged 386.37 ± 5.83 on UJ-5 and 318.67±2.81 eggs on Adira-1. Intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were 0.258 ± 0.001 on UJ-5 and 0.220 ± 0.001 on Adira-1. Mean generation time (T) on UJ-5 and Adira-1 were 22.795 ± 0.050 and 25.532 ± 0.047 days, repectively. Our findings showed that variety UJ-5 was more suitable for development and population growth of the cassava mealybug.

KOMPATIBILITAS EKSTRAK Piper retrofractrum Vahl. DAN Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. UNTUK PENGENDALIAN Helopeltis antonii Sign. NFN Rohimatun; NFN Dadang; I Wayan Winasa; Sri Yuliani
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 31, No 2 (2020): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v31n2.2020.107-122

Plant extracts as a botanical insecticide can be used in either single or mixture forms. Mixed extracts have advantages: reducing dependence on one plant species, being the synergistic effect which can increase the effectiveness of formulas, and reducing the possibility of resistance emergence. This study aimed to obtain compatible and synergistic comparisons of P. retrofractum with C. xanthorrhiza extracts that effectively control the third instar nymph of Helopeltis antonii. The comparison of P. retrofractum and C. xanthorrhiza extracts were 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 (w/w). The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design using the contact method. The LC50, LC90, and LC95 values were calculated using the PoloPlus Ver 1.0 Program. The mixture interaction was determined from the Combination Index value. The results showed that P. retrofractum extract was compatible and synergistic with C. xanthorrhiza extract at a ratio of 2:1 (w/w). These were the best combination shown by the lowest LC50, LC90, and LC95 values and showed consistently strong synergistic properties compared to other concentrations. The components of P. retrofractum may be responsible for the insecticidal properties are piperine; piperanine; piperidine; 3,4-Pyridinedimethanol,6-methyl; Piperidine,1-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]-,(Z,Z)-; and (2E,4E,12E)-1-(Piperidine-1-yl)octadeca-2,4,12—trien-1-one. The insecticidal activity of C. xanthorrhiza may associated with its content of xanthorrhizol, Ar-curcumene, β-curcumene, curzerene, germacrone, 7-zingiberene, caryophyllene, and β-bisabolol. A combination of these two plant extracts has the potential to be further developed as a botanical insecticide to control H. antonii.

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