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LOCAL WISDOM IN UTILIZING PEAT SWAMP SOIL AND WATER TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF GELAM WOOD Supriyati, Wahyu; Alpian, Alpian; Prayitno, T. A.; Sumardi, Sumardi; Marsoem, Sri Nugroho
TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL Vol 2, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : The Journal is published by Graduate Programe of Lambung Mangkurat University

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Local wisdom in utilizing swamp soil and water to improve the quality of gelam wood in Central Kalimantan becomes an interesting phenomenon. Improving the quality of wood can economize on the use of wood, which in turn preserves the forests in peat swamp lands. Gelam (Melaleuca sp.) woods that are mostly found in peat swamp forests can be used as piles/stakes in swamp soil, and they are durable for decades. The general objective of this study was to provide a scientific explanation of the effect of peat swamp soil and water on improving the quality of gelam wood either in barked and barkless conditions. This study was conducted by taking gelam trees that grew in Central Kalimantan. It was carried out for 18 months, and investigated the barked/barkless woods, media (swamp water, freshwater, peat swamp soil, and sandy soil) and 3 lengths of burying times. Wood properties analyzed were physical and mechanical properties. The standard of physical-mechanical property tests referred to British Standard 373.The results showed that the interaction between bark factor (A) and media (B) affected specific gravity. Barked wood produced the highest spesific gravity in swamp water medium. Water media (swamp and fresh water) improved the wood’s specific gravity more than soil media (swamp and sandy soil). The highest values of hardness, stress on Proportional Limit, and Modulus of Elasticity were in the medium of swamp soil. The improvement of the quality of gelam woods, which were either buried or used as stakes/piles, was allegedly resulted from the swamp water infiltrating into gelam woods that thereby increased the specific gravity.

VARIASI AKSIAL DAN RADIAL DIMENSI SERAT, SIFAT FISIKA DAN MEKANIKA KAYU JABON (Neolamarckia cadamba Miq.) DI HUTAN RAKYAT KABUPATEN SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA Ridho, Muhammad Rosyid; Marsoem, Sri Nugroho; Listyanto, Tomy; Sulistyo, Joko
JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI Vol 12, No 1 (2024): JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/jhl.v12i1.76292

Utilization of fast-growing wood species needs to be increased to support the sustainability of wood industry in Indonesia. Burflower (Neolamarckia cadamba Miq.) is a fast-growing wood species that widely planted in some community forest on Java Island recently, including in Yogyakarta. This study aims to provide information about burflower wood quality, based on its fiber dimension, physical and mechanical properties. The axial and radial variation of wood properties within stem in the axial and radial direction also examined. Three (3) free defects of burflower trees from community forest in Sleman regency, Yogyakarta, have been felled and cut into samples. The results show that green moisture content, air-dried density, and oven-dried density were varied in the axial direction. Meanwhile in the radial direction, fiber length, density, and static bending strength increase from the pith towards the bark. In contrast, green moisture content decreases from the pith towards the bark.Keywords: density, fast-growing, fiber length, modulus of elasticity, shrinkage. AbstrakPemanfaatan jenis kayu cepat tumbuh perlu ditingkatkan untuk mendukung kelanjutan industri perkayuan di Indonesia. Jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba Miq.) adalah salah satu jenis kayu cepat tumbuh yang banyak ditanam di hutan rakyat Pulau Jawa pada beberapa tahun terakhir, termasuk di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi terkait kualitas kayu jabon di hutan rakyat, berdasarkan dimensi serat, sifat fisika dan mekanikanya. Variasi aksial dan radial sifat kayu dalam satu batang pohon juga diamati. Sebanyak 3 batang pohon jabon bebas cacat dari hutan rakyat di Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta, ditebang dan dibuat sampel uji. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kadar air kering udara (KAKu), kerapatan kering udara (KKu), dan kerapatan kering oven (KKo) bervariasi pada arah aksial. Sementara itu pada arah radial, variasi terlihat pada panjang serat, kerapatan, dan kekuatan lengkung statis yang menunjukkan pola peningkatan dari empulur menuju kulit. Sebaliknya, kadar air segar menurun dari empulur menuju kulit.Kata kunci: cepat tumbuh, kerapatan, modulus elastisitas, panjang serat, penyusutan

Pulp and Paper Characteristics of Five Lesser-known Species in Kalimantan: Effects of Re-beating Rahmaningsih, Heni; Marsoem, Sri Nugroho; Sulistyo, Joko
Wood Research Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2014): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2014.5.2.65-74

Five lesser-known species from natural forests in Central Kalimantan, viz., cempaka (Michelia champaca Linn), mentawa (Artocarpus rigidus Blume), menjalin (Xanthophyllum excelsum Miq.), kempili (Lithocarpus elegans (Blume) Hatus. Ex Soepadmo), and sempori (Dillenia sp.) were evaluated in the laboratory for their specific gravity, fiber morphology, pulping and papermaking properties. In addition, their properties after three-phase beating were also evaluated from a recycled paper point of view. The specific gravity and fiber length range were 0.58~0.68 and 1239~2479 μm, respectively. The highest value in specific gravity was observed in menjalin wood, while the longest fiber was observed in sempori. Kraft pulping with 14% active alkali (as Na2O), 23% sulfidity, 2 h at the maximum temperature showed that the highest screened yield was determined in cempaka wood (44.29%) with a kappa number of 17.6. The freeness ranges of unbeaten pulp were 675~780m mL CSF. The freeness ranges of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd beating were 539~630 mL, 235~275 mL, and 220~230 mL CSF, respectively. The 1st beating exhibited the best mechanical properties. Among the species, cempaka, kempili, and mentawa showed comparatively high tensile (57~60 Nm/g) and burst index (2.6~3.4 KPa m2/g), whereas the highest value for tear index (5.02 mNm2/g) was observed in sempori. A considerable decrease in fiber length, slenderness ratio, and mechanical properties of the paper was observed with an increased beating number. These findings suggest that cutting the fibers or decreasing the slenderness ratio was the main factor causing the strength to decrease.

Pulp and Paper Characteristics of Five Lesser-known Species in Kalimantan: Effects of Re-beating Rahmaningsih, Heni; Marsoem, Sri Nugroho; Sulistyo, Joko
Wood Research Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2014): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2014.5.2.65-74

Five lesser-known species from natural forests in Central Kalimantan, viz., cempaka (Michelia champaca Linn), mentawa (Artocarpus rigidus Blume), menjalin (Xanthophyllum excelsum Miq.), kempili (Lithocarpus elegans (Blume) Hatus. Ex Soepadmo), and sempori (Dillenia sp.) were evaluated in the laboratory for their specific gravity, fiber morphology, pulping and papermaking properties. In addition, their properties after three-phase beating were also evaluated from a recycled paper point of view. The specific gravity and fiber length range were 0.58~0.68 and 1239~2479 μm, respectively. The highest value in specific gravity was observed in menjalin wood, while the longest fiber was observed in sempori. Kraft pulping with 14% active alkali (as Na2O), 23% sulfidity, 2 h at the maximum temperature showed that the highest screened yield was determined in cempaka wood (44.29%) with a kappa number of 17.6. The freeness ranges of unbeaten pulp were 675~780m mL CSF. The freeness ranges of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd beating were 539~630 mL, 235~275 mL, and 220~230 mL CSF, respectively. The 1st beating exhibited the best mechanical properties. Among the species, cempaka, kempili, and mentawa showed comparatively high tensile (57~60 Nm/g) and burst index (2.6~3.4 KPa m2/g), whereas the highest value for tear index (5.02 mNm2/g) was observed in sempori. A considerable decrease in fiber length, slenderness ratio, and mechanical properties of the paper was observed with an increased beating number. These findings suggest that cutting the fibers or decreasing the slenderness ratio was the main factor causing the strength to decrease.

RETRACTED: Yield and physical pulp properties of three Eucalyptus Pellita F. Muell clones at two active alkali concentrations: A study in tropical agriculture practices Adi, Rian Palimirmo; Marsoem, Sri Nugroho; Lukmandaru, Ganis
Holistic: Journal of Tropical Agriculture Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2: January (2025)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/hjtas.v2i2.2025.1638

Background: Efforts to enhance the genetic quality of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell by PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper included breeding several clones to optimize raw materials for pulp and paper production. Three clones—CEP06, CEP13, and CGP32—were selected to determine their potential based on pulp yield and physical properties. Methods: The wood samples from these clones were cooked using the sulfate process with active alkali concentrations of 13% and 15%, 25% sulfidity, a wood-to-liquor ratio of 1:4, a cooking temperature of 170°C, and a cooking duration of 2 hours. Pulp yields, kappa numbers, and pulp properties, including tear, burst, and tensile indices, were analyzed. Statistical analysis employed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) tests. Findings: The clones CEP13 and CGP32 achieved higher screened yields at 38.34% and 38.26%, respectively, compared to CEP06. However, CEP06 demonstrated superior tear and burst indices of 6.36 mN·m²/g and 3.60 kPa·m²/g, respectively. The highest tensile index of 41.75 Nm/g was observed in the CGP32 clone. Significant differences were found among the clones in terms of screened yield, kappa number, and certain pulp properties. Additionally, active alkali concentrations significantly affected the screened yield and kappa number, with interactions between clones and alkali concentrations significantly influencing kappa numbers. Conclusion: The CEP06 clone is recommended for pulp and paper production due to its favorable pulp properties, making it an excellent raw material candidate. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the potential of Eucalyptus pellita clones in optimizing raw materials for pulp and paper industries, emphasizing their specific advantages and contributions to sustainable forestry practices.

TEGANGAN PERTUMBUHAN PERMUKAAN KAYU JABON UMUR 5 TAHUN DARI HUTAN RAKYAT DI SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA Ridho, Muhammad Rosyid; Marsoem, Sri Nugroho; Listyanto, Tomy; Sulistyo, Joko
JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI Vol 12, No 4 (2024): JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/jhl.v12i4.79496

Burflower (Neolamarckia cadamba Miq.) is a fast-growing wood species which has been planted in some community forest on Java Island in recent years. This study aims to examine the surface growth stress of 5-year-old burflower wood from a community forest in Sleman, Yogyakarta. In addition, the axial variation of the surface growth stress within the stem also studied. The strain gauges method was conducted to determine the surface-released strains (SRS) in the stem periphery. The results show that the mean value of longitudinal SRS was -241,58 Î¼É› (-239 "“ 1.141 Î¼É›), while tangential SRS was -208,89 Î¼É› (-564 "“ 18 Î¼É›). These SRS values were considered low (under 650 Î¼É›) therefore the burflower wood theoretically has no potential for processing defects. There is no significant difference in SRS value within stem in the axial direction. This result indicates that the SRS measurement for 5-year-old burflower wood can be carried out only in the breast high of standing trees. Keywords: Periphery, processing-defects, strain gauges, strains Abstrak Jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba Miq.) adalah spesies kayu cepat tumbuh yang banyak ditanam di hutan rakyat di Pulau Jawa dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari tegangan pertumbuhan permukaan kayu jabon yang berumur 5 tahun dari hutan rakyat di Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta. Selain itu, variasi aksial dari tegangan pertumbuhan dalam satu batang pohon juga dipelajari. Metode strain gauges digunakan untuk menentukan pelepasan regangan permukaan (PRP) pada periferi batang pohon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rerata PRP longitudinal yaitu 241,58 Î¼É› (-239 "“ 1.141 Î¼É›), sedangkan PRP tangensial sebesar -208,89 Î¼É› (-564 "“ 18 Î¼É›). Nilai PRP yang relatif rendah (di bawah 650 Î¼É›) menunjukkan bahwa kayu jabon secara teori tidak berpotensi mengalami cacat pengolahan. Tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan signifikan nilai PRP dalam satu pohon pada arah aksial. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa pengukuran PRP pada kayu jabon umur 5 tahun cukup dilakukan pada bagian setinggi dada saja pada saat pohon masih berdiri. Kata Kunci: Cacat pengolahan, periferi, regangan, strain gauges

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