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All Journal Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Muhammadiyah Medical Journal Sanus Medical Journal
Dewi Martalena
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine (IL-10) Profiles and Ratio of IL-6/IL-10 in Covid-19 Patients Sari, Shinta Dewi Permata; Listiyaningsih, Erlin; Mawanti, Wening Tri; Martalena, Dewi
Muhammadiyah Medical Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2024): Muhammadiyah Medical Journal (MMJ)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine and Health Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/mmj.5.1.1-8

Abstract

Background: The number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia has continually increased since the first cases appeared in March 2020. This disease is due to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in the respiratory system that induces an immune response. The innate and adaptive immune response triggered the secretion of an excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine-caused cytokine storm that became one of the mechanisms of acute respiratory distress (ARDS). The anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-13, and IL-4) were secreted as the immune response in the ARDS condition. Purposes: This study aims to determine the ratio of the IL-6/IL-10 profile as basic information for the therapeutic approach to prevent ARDS. Methods: This cross-sectional study used stored biological material in plasma form from COVID-19 patients in Jakarta Islamic Hospital – Pondok Kopi and Dr. M. Goenawan Partowidigdo Hospital, Cisarua. The plasmas were from severe (n=20) patients and mild to moderate severity (n=25). The negative control sample was collected from 13 healthy subjects. Assessment of IL-10 levels in plasma using ELISA technique. Results: Our analysis showed that IL-10 has no statistical difference between negative control, mild to moderate, and severe categories (p=0.629). Meanwhile, the ratio IL-6/IL-10 presented statistical differences between mild to moderate and severe categories (p=0.011). The average ratio of IL-6/IL-10 in severe categories is two-fold higher than in mild-moderate categories. Conclusion: We conclude that there is a cytokine storm condition in severe COVID-19 patients with an imbalance ratio of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and could be used as basic information for drug development in cytokine storm conditions to prevent ARDS.
Association between blood glucose levels at admission and severity of COVID-19 patients Asysyifa, Nurul; Sari, Shinta Dewi Permata; Martalena, Dewi
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 55, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19106/JMedSci005504202301

Abstract

Hyperglycemia can be experienced by corona virus disease (COVID-19) patients due to the invasion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) into pancreatic cells or other mechanisms such as insulin resistance, counter-regulatory, stress induction, and glucocorticoid therapy. Hyperglycemia can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to an increase in the disease severity.  Based on the clinical and laboratory criteria, the severity of COVID-19 patients is classified into asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical. This study aimed to investigate the association between blood glucose levels at admission and the severity of COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). It was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from COVID-19 patients in Pondok Kopi Jakarta Islamic Hospital from April to June 2021. This study involved 340 patients with comorbid DM (n=78) and without comorbid DM (n=262). The Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation test were used. A significant difference between random blood glucose levels in comorbid DM patients and patients without comorbid DM (p<0.05). However, there is a weak correlation between random blood glucose levels and severity with comorbid DM (r=0.112) and without comorbid DM (r=0.129). In conclusion, a positive and weak correlation between blood glucose levels at admission and the severity of COVID-19. The severity increases as the blood sugar level increases. Further study needs to be performed considering other comorbid conditions.
Hematological parameters of COVID-19 patients at Jakarta Pondok Kopi Islamic Hospital Sanjaya, Arief Indra; Martalena, Dewi; Maki, Naoki
Sanus Medical Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka (UHAMKA Press)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/sanus.v6i1.12668

Abstract

Background: The 2019 Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) has become a pandemic. As of 15 January 2021, 223 countries have been infected, with a total number of 92,262,621 confirmed cases, and 1,995,037 deaths. In Indonesia, as of the same date, there were 896,642 confirmed cases and 25,767 deaths.1 Diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results on oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swab samples.2 A basic hematological examination is also conducted on patients with suspected COVID-19. The results of baseline hematological examinations are thought to be a predictor of the patient being infected with COVID-19 before the RT-PCR results are released. The purpose of this study is to identify the hematological parameters of COVID-19 patients at Pondok Kopi Islamic Hospital in Jakarta (RSIJ PK) in order to provide an overview of the hematological parameters that can be used to predict the possibility of a patient being infected with COVID-19. Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional approach, using the database on COVID-19 patients at Pondok Kopi Islamic Hospital. Data variables were categorized and described by frequency and percentage. Statistical analysis was conducted using the likelihood ratio test and SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences) version 26. Results: The number of research respondents was 250, with 142 males (56.8%). The majority of participants were between the ages of 40 and 59, at 127 (50.8%). Most patients exhibited a moderate level of clinical severity, at 215 (86%). The three most common comorbidities were hypertension in 82 patients (32.8%), diabetes in 68 patients (27.2%), and chronic kidney disease in 27 patients (10.8%). The dominant hematological parameters were normal blood leukocytes in 157 patients (62.8%), increased Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) (>3.13) in 148 patients (59.2%), low Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) (<1500/µL) in 133 patients (53.2%), increased C-Reactive Proteins (CRP) (>10 mg/L) in 171 patients (68.4%), and increased d-dimer (>0.5 µg/mL) in 148 patients (59.2%). There was a significant correlation between age (p 0.028), comorbid hypertension (p 0.002), comorbid diabetes (p 0.011), leukocyte levels (p 0.045), and ALC levels (p 0.025), and the severity of the COVID-19 disease. Conclusions: The majority of COVID-19 patients had normal blood leukocyte levels, increased NLR, low ALC, and increased CRP and d-dimer.
Co-Authors Asysyifa, Nurul ERLIN LISTIYANINGSIH Juferdy Kurniawan Maki, Naoki Mawanti, Wening Tri Sanjaya, Arief Indra Sari, Shinta Dewi Permata