Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2020 - 2025
1.203
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal LAW REFORM Brawijaya Law Journal : Journal of Legal Studies Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada TANJUNGPURA LAW JOURNAL Indonesian Journal of International Law Mimbar Hukum Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek
Agustina Merdekawati
Unknown Affiliation
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health Social Sciences

Published : 8 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 8 Documents
Search

 1 
PERUBAHAN KETENTUAN GARIS PANTAI DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN DESENTRALISASI PENGELOLAAN LAUT Merdekawati, Agustina; Triatmodjo, Marsudi; Darmayani, Putu Mia; Hasibuan, Irkham Afnan Trisandi
TANJUNGPURA LAW JOURNAL Vol 5, No 2 (2021): VOLUME 5 ISSUE 2, JULY 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Tanjungpura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/tlj.v5i2.45630

Abstract

Abstract Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Local Government introduced an alteration regarding the method used to measure provincial maritime boundaries. The Locall Government Act 2014 stipulates that the provincial government's maritime area is up to 12 nautical miles measured from the high-water line. This provision differs from the provision in Act Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Administration, which stipulated that the distance of 12 nautical miles is measured from the low-water line. This alteration of provision reflects the direction of national policies in the authority-sharing between the central and local governments on the management of maritime areas and resources. This study aims to analyze the impacts of the alteration in maritime boundary measurement in the Local Government Act 2014 in the implementation of decentralized maritime resource management. This research was conducted in a juridical-normative manner, using secondary data. The results show that the provision regarding the maritime boundaries in the Local Government Act 2014 has had implications in several aspects, namely (1) the decrease of the maritime resources administered by the provincial governments, (2) the decline in the allocation of funds received by the regional governments, and (3) increasing the emergence of new enclaved waters administered by the central government surrounded by marine area administered by the provincial governments. The results also indicate that the provision has been implemented at the level of harmonization of regulations at the central level, although it has not been implemented in provincial maritime boundary adjustments. Abstrak Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah (UU Pemda 2014) membawa perubahan mengenai garis pantai yang digunakan untuk mengukur batas laut yang dikelola oleh daerah. Dalam UU Pemda 2014 diatur bahwa luas wilayah laut yang dikelola oleh pemerintah daerah provinsi diukur sejauh maksimum 12 mil laut dari garis pantai air pasang tertinggi. Ketentuan tersebut berbeda dengan ketentuan dalam rezim Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah yang mengatur bahwa garis pantai yang digunakan untuk mengukur jarak 12 mil laut adalah garis pantai air surut terendah. Perubahan tersebut mencerminkan arah kebijakan nasional dalam ranah pembagian kewenangan pengelolaan wilayah laut antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah provinsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengalisis bagaimana dampak perubahan penentuan garis pantai dalam UU Pemda 2014 terhadap pelaksanaan desentralisasi pengelolaan sumber daya kelautan oleh pemerintah daerah provinsi. Penelitan dilakukan secara yuridis-normatif, dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan ketentuan mengenai garis pantai dalam UU Pemda 2014 memiliki implikasi terhadap beberapa aspek, yaitu (1) berkurangnya sumber daya kelautan yang dikelola oleh daerah, (2) potensi berkurangnya besaran anggaran DAU dan DAK yang diterima oleh pemerintah daerah provinsi, dan (3) potensi bertambahnya perairan enklave yang dikelilingi laut yang dikelola oleh daerah. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa perubahan ketentuan garis pantai sudah terimplementasi pada level harmonisasi regulasi di tingkat pusat. Namun demikian, ketentuan tersebut belum terlaksana pada tataran penyesuaian batas daerah di laut.
KONSEKUENSI PEMBATALAN UNDANG-UNDANG RATIFIKASI TERHADAP KETERIKATAN PEMERINTAH INDONESIA PADA PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL Andi Sandi Ant.T.T.; Agustina Merdekawati
Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 24, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (444.191 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jmh.16120

Abstract

This research aims to analyse the legal consequences of the repeal of a ratification act by the Constitutional Court in relation with the Indonesian Government’s participation in the ratified or acceded international treaty. This normative legal research employs a collaborative method in data collecting process, viz. literature research to collect secondary data and field research to equip and support the data collected from literature research. The data is analysed using a qualitative descriptive method. We find that there is no correlation between the repeal of a ratification act and the participation of Indonesia in the international forum initiated by the repealed act. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsekuensi hukum atas pembatalan undang-undang ratifikasi perjanjian internasional oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap keikutsertaan Indonesia dalam suatu perjanjian internasional yang telah diratifikasi maupun diaksesi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kolaboratif antara metode penelitian kepustakaan (literature research) yang dilakukan untuk memperoleh data sekunder di bidang hukum dan penelitian lapangan (field research) yang dilakukan untuk melengkapi sekaligus menunjang data kepustakaan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembatalan undang-undang ratifikasi perjanjian internasional tidak memiliki korelasi langsung dengan keterikatan Indonesia dalam perjanjian internasional yang dibatalkan tersebut.
RELEVANSI KEIKUTSERTAAN INDONESIA DALAM INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION OF MARKS MADRID SYSTEM MELALUI RATIFIKASI MADRID PROTOCOL TERHADAP POTENSI PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING BANGSA INDONESIA DI BIDANG PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL Irna Nurhayati; Agustina Merdekawati
Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 20, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (722.709 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jmh.16292

Abstract

Protection of marks is relied on first to file principle, which means that mark protection will only be given by registration. The marks registration can be done through both national and international registration. The Madrid Protocol is an international marks registration within Madrid System, which is one of several international marks registration systems in the world. Indonesia now is still studying the benefits and detriments that would be reached if it joined in the Madrid Protocol. The research found that, first; the Madrid Protocol has both advantages and disadvan­tages. Second; Indonesia would gain much benefit by joining in this system. However, many things should be prepared well in order to minimize the detriment that would occur.
THE RECENT CHALLENGED DEVELOPMENT TO IMPLEMENT UNCLOS 1982'S COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND Agustina Merdekawati; Marsudi Triatmodjo; Irkham Afnan Trisandi Hasibuan
Mimbar Hukum Vol 34 No 1 (2022): Mimbar Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (361.318 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/mh.v34i1.4000

Abstract

Abstract The Common Heritage of Mankind (CHM) principle was adopted in UNCLOS 1982 to prevent monopoly of the Area utilization by developed countries. Applying the principle has been challenging and would only get even more challenging during the economic globalization era. There have been rapid changes within the structure of the international community, posing challenges to the implementation of the CHM principle in the area. This paper aims to elaborate on these challenges in the economic globalization era. The research identified that the economic globalization era posed some new and enhanced challenges in applying the principle in the area, questioning its relevance. These challenges are the shifting interests of some developing countries and the increased pressure to obtain more mineral resources to accelerate the conversion to green technologies. The research concluded that the international community is faced with two choices, either to maintain the application of the CHM principle without taking further compromising steps to maximize the goal of achieving the welfare of humanity or re-adjusting the operationalization of the CHM principle in UNCLOS 1982 to adapt to changes in the international community in the era of economic globalization. Abstrak Prinsip Common Heritage of Mankind (CHM) diadopsi dalam UNCLOS 1982 untuk mencegah monopoli pemanfaatan Kawasan Dasar Laut Internasional (Kawasan) oleh negara-negara maju. Penerapan prinsip CHM merupakan sebuah tantangan dan akan menjadi lebih menantang dalam era globalisasi ekonomi. Terdapat perubahan dalam struktur masyarakat internasional, yang akan menimbulkan tantangan bagi penerapan prinsip CHM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan tantangan- tantangan tersebut di era globalisasi ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa era globalisasi ekonomi memunculkan beberapa tantangan yamg baru dan lebih menantang dalam penerapan prinsip CHM di Kawasan, mempertanyakan relevansinya. Tantangan tersebut adalah pergeseran kepentingan beberapa negara berkembang dan meningkatnya tekanan untuk memperoleh lebih banyak sumber daya mineral guna mempercepat konversi ke teknologi ramah lingkungan. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa komunitas internasional menghadapi dua pilihan, yakni antara tetap mempertahankan penerapan prinsip CHM tanpa mengambil kompromi lebih lanjut untuk memaksimalkan potensi manfaat bagi seluruh umat manusia, atau menyesuaikan penerapan prinsip CHM dalam UNCLOS 1982 sebagai respons terhadap perubahan yang terjadi di komunitas internasional dalam era globalisasi ekonomi.
Hubungan antara Dislipidemia Diabetik Dengan Prevalensi Hipertensi Ada Pasien yang Dirawat di Bagian Penyakit Dalam RSUD Koja Periode Juni 2001 - Juni 2005 Mardi Santoso; Suzanna Ndraha; Agustina Merdekawati
Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek vol. 13 no. 34 Mei-Agustus 2005
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v13i34.156

Abstract

Equity Interest Scheme’s Compatibility with the UNCLOS 1982’s Common Heritage of Mankind Principle Merdekawati, Agustina; Triatmodjo, Marsudi
LAW REFORM Vol 18, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER ILMU HUKUM FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (724.335 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/lr.v18i1.43083

Abstract

The Mining Code Exploration for polymetallic sulphides and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts provide options for exploration contractors to offer an equity interest in a joint venture with Enterprise. UNCLOS 1982 has never regulated the existence of such a scheme as a substitute for the obligation to submit reserved areas at the exploration stage. The presence of the equity interest scheme raises questions on its compatibility with the Common Heritage of Mankind (CHM) principle, especially with the aspect of equitable benefits sharing (EBS) to all mankind. This study aimed to assess the compatibility of the equity interest scheme with the CHM principle. The study was conducted normatively by analyzing equity interest scheme implementation associated with the norms in the CHM principle and UNCLOS 1982. The results showed that the equity interest scheme is compatible with the EBS aspects in the CHM principle by presenting the optimization of financial benefits for all mankind. The implementation of the equity interest scheme, even though it is contrary to the provisions of Annex III Article 1982, is a form of subsequent practice accepted by state parties. This study recommends that the relevant stakeholders reconsider the involvement of the Enterprise in the equity interest scheme based on financing efficiency.
The Dilemma Of Operationalizing The Enterprise Under UNCLOS 1982 Agustina Merdekawati; Marsudi Triatmodjo; I Made Andi Arsana; Hasibuan, Irkham Afnan Trisandi
Brawijaya Law Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023): Current Challenges, Developments and Events in The International Law
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.blj.2023.010.02.01

Abstract

The Area's deep-seabed mining activities require substantial capital and sophisticated technologies, which become barriers for developing countries. UNCLOS 1982 envisioned that the presence of the Enterprise would solve this problem. However, the Enterprise is yet to be operationalized. The UNCLOS 1982’s Implementing Agreement 1994 postponed the Enterprise’s independent operation until the requirement is fulfilled. However, there have been changes within the international community that might affect the urgency on the Enterprise’s operationalization. This paper explored the dilemma of the Enterprise’s operationalization in ensuring the participation of developing countries and to generate the optimum benefits to all mankind. This research is aimed to contribute to the understanding of contemporary problems in applying the common heritage of mankind principle in the Area. The research found three dilemmas: (a) divided interests of developing countries; (b) optimizing financial benefits redistribution; and (c) the diminishing role attributed to the Enterprise. The research concluded that it is necessary to review the provisions in UNCLOS 1982 and the 1994 Agreement with the spirit of ensuring the participation of developing countries in the Area utilization by adjusting to the current situation of the international community.
Common Heritage of Mankind Beyond Treaty Provisions: Customary or General Principle? Merdekawati, Agustina; Triatmodjo, Marsudi; Hasibuan, Irkham Afnan Trisandi
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The Common Heritage of Mankind (CHM) has become a prevalent principle adopted in international treaties governing objects and resources situated beyond national jurisdictions. Despite this widespread adoption, it is still a subject of debate whether it constitutes something more than a mere treaty provision that only binds state parties. This paper aims to analyze the position of CHM in the sources of international law, with a focus on analyzing its existence as a customary norm and a general principle of international law. There has been no international dispute involving CHM, which leaves the question of its position in international law as it was never clarified by international court judges. This paper seeks to explore whether it would be legitimate for international courts to regard CHM as a law in settling disputes involving parties that are not bound to the relevant international treaties adopting CHM. The research was done normatively by assessing the historical and contemporary facts that could help clarify the position of CHM in international law. The research finds that CHM can be regarded as both a customary norm and a general principle of international law. CHM begins as a general principle rooted from natural law, which is then followed by consistent practices and opinio juris, indicating its acceptance as a customary norm. This paper argues that it would be legitimate for international courts to regard CHM as a law in resolving disputes relating to CHM objects irrespective of the parties’ involvement in the relevant international treaties.
Co-Authors Agung, I Gusti Putu Andi Sandi Ant.T.T. Bintari Dyah Ramadhani dan Marsudi Triatmodjo Darmayani, Putu Mia Hasibuan, Irkham Afnan Trisandi I Made Andi Arsana Irkham Afnan Trisandi Hasibuan Irna Nurhayati Mardi Santoso Mr. Aminoto Nurvianto, Sandy R. Sapto Hendri Boedi Soesatyo Suzanna Ndraha