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GAMBARAN MALOKLUSI DAN KEBIASAAN BURUK PENDERITA SINDROM DOWN USIA 6-18 TAHUN DI SLB-C KOTA MEDAN Salmiah, Siti; Mustafa, Nurul Sukma
Dentika: Dental Journal Vol. 19 No. 1 (2016): Dentika Dental Journal
Publisher : TALENTA

Sindrom Down merupakan salah satu bentuk retardasi mental akibat kelainan genetik atau kelainan kromosom yang paling sering terjadi.Sindrom ini dapat ditandai dengan retardasi mental dan karakteristik fisik yang khas seperti maloklusi sebagai salah satu manifestasi oral khas pada penderita ini.Maloklusi sendiri memiliki berbagai faktor etiologi, salah satunya kebiasaan buruk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi maloklusi dan kebiasaan buruk pada anak sindrom Down usia 6-18 Tahun di SLB-C Kota Medan.Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei deskriptif. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini sebesar 82 anak usia 6-18 tahun yang merupakan jumlah seluruh anak sindrom Down yang bersekolah di 8 SLB-C yang ada di Kota Medan. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara terhadap orang tua dan pemeriksaan klinis pada rongga mulut anak. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara manual dan komputerisasi. Data distribusi disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dengan hasil persentase. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan prevalensi maloklusi berdasarkan klasifikasi Angle pada anak sindrom Down usia 6-18 tahun di SLB-C Kota Medan sebesar 31,71% anak memiliki hubungan molar Klas I, 3,66% Klas II, dan 48,78% Klas III. Bentuk maloklusi paling banyak adalah gigitan silang anterior yaitu 42,68%, diikuti oleh crowding 39,02%, gigitan terbuka anterior sebanyak 23,17%, dan gigitan silang posterior 21,95%. Kebiasaan buruk paling tinggi adalah tongue thrusting yaitu 41,46%, bernapas melalui mulut 40,24%, bruxism 37,8%, menghisap jari 36,58%, dan menggigit kuku atau jari 21,95%. Prevalensi maloklusi dan kebiasaan buruk pada anak sindrom Down ini tergolong cukup tinggi. Hal ini perlu menjadi perhatian orang tua/wali/pengasuh untuk meminimalisir kebiasaan buruk tersebut agar pengunyahan dan fonetik anak dapat berfungsi dengan optimal. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingginya prevalensi kebiasaan buruk tersebut menyebabkan tingginya prevalensi maloklusi pada penderita sindrom Down.

The correlation between untreated caries and the nutritional status of 6–12 years old children in the Medan Maimun and Medan Marelan sub-district Siti Salmiah; L. Luthfiani; Zulfi Amalia; Deandini Kusumah
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 51 No. 1 (2018): March 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: In Indonesia, dental caries constitute one of the most common dental health problems in children. Untreated dental caries will cause both pain and inconvenience when eating, resulting in a reduced appetite which can negatively affect the Body Mass Index (BMI). Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between untreated caries and nutritional status in children aged 6-12 years old in the Medan Maimun and Medan Marelan sub-districts. Methods: An analytical observation study with cross-sectional design was adopted. The number of child subjects totaled 350, divided into two groups, namely; the PUFA/pufa group (n=172) and the Non-PUFA/pufa group (n=178). Samples were selected on the basis of purposive sampling. Oral examination was subsequently performed using the PUFA/pufa index. The height and weight of the subjects were assessed according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health’s BMI criteria of 2011. Thereafter, Chi square, Spearman and Mann-Whitney tests were all performed as analytical tests. Results: The results of this research revealed a significant correlation between caries status and BMI (p<0.001) in both the PUFA/pufa and Non PUFA/pufa groups (r=-0.515), as well as between the mean PUFA/pufa score and age. However, there was no significant correlation between the mean PUFA/pufa score and gender. Conclusion: It can be concluded that a correlation exists between untreated caries and the nutritional condition of children aged 6-12 years old in the Medan Maimun and Medan Marelan sub-districts.

Effectiveness of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria Ternatea) Extract Against Streptococcus Mutans Bacterial Growth In Vitro Salmiah, Siti; Nainggolan, Jesica Dwiasta Octaria Mp
Jurnal Sehat Indonesia (JUSINDO) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Sehat Indonesia (JUSINDO)
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/jsi.v7i01.189

Dental caries is still a significant dental problem and is children's most common infectious disease. Caries is a microbiological infectious disease that can damage the hard tissue of the teeth. Several factors, including the microorganism Streptococcus mutans, cause caries. This bacterium is the main species in dental plaque that plays a role in the etiology of caries. One way to prevent caries is cleaning plaque regularly, one of which is mouthwash. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of butterfly pea flower extract (Clitoria ternatea ) on the growth of Streptococcus mutans in vitro. This type of research is laboratory experimental research using a post-test-only control group design approach. The samples used were butterfly pea flower extract ( Clitoria ternatea ) diluted with DMSO to a concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 3.125%, 6.125% and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. This research was conducted using the MIC test dilution method and KBM to see the effectiveness of the antibacterial extract against the test bacteria. Analysis of research data using the one-way ANOVA test (p <0.05) to see significant differences between study groups with the number of test bacteria, followed by a double comparison test with the Post Hoc Least Significance Different (LSD) method to determine the average difference between treatment groups. Antibacterial effectiveness test results showed that butterfly pea flower extract (Clitoria ternatea) was effective in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans bacteria (p<0.05), at a concentration of 25% was the minimum inhibitory level (MIC) and 50% concentration was the minimum killing rate (MBC). This study concludes that the extract of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) effectively inhibits and kills Streptococcus mutans bacteria

Tanggung Jawab Hukum Perusahaan terhadap Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja Karyawan Vressilia Witama; Dinda Ayu Arini Chaniago; Irpan Mauliandi Damanik; M Rangga Syahputra Saragih; Siti Salmiah
Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Juni : KONSENSUS : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/konsensus.v2i3.942

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a crucial aspect that must be addressed by companies to protect employees from the risks of accidents and health issues in the workplace. This study aims to examine the legal responsibilities of companies regarding the implementation of OHS and to explore the challenges they face in fulfilling these obligations. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, by collecting data through literature studies and in-depth interviews with relevant parties. The results show that companies generally have a good understanding of their legal obligations related to OHS, which is reflected in policies and routine training provided to employees. However, the implementation still faces several obstacles such as limited facilities, lack of supervision, and low work discipline, all of which affect the effectiveness of OHS practices. Legally, the regulations governing OHS are adequate, but law enforcement and monitoring must be improved to ensure that companies fulfill their responsibilities optimally. Furthermore, the social and ethical dimensions are also essential in building a safety culture that supports employee well-being and business continuity. In conclusion, the legal responsibility of companies for OHS must be implemented comprehensively and sustainably to ensure a safe and productive work environment.

Perbedaan pengalaman karies pada anak berkebutuhan khusus berdasarkan pengetahuan orang tua tentang pemeliharaan kebersihan mulut dan diet: studi cross-sectional Rahmi, Dwi Aulia; Salmiah, Siti
Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran Vol 37, No 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jkg.v37i1.59023

Perbedaan pengalaman karies pada anak berkebutuhan khusus berdasarkan pengetahuan orang tua tentang pemeliharaan kebersihan mulut dan diet: studi cross-sectional ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus memiliki risiko lebih mengalami masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dibandingkan anak normal, salah satunya disebabkan oleh keterbatasan mental maupun fisik dalam menjaga kebersihan mulut. Pengetahuan orang tua yang rendah tentang pemeliharaan kebersihan mulut dan pola diet menyebabkan tingginya angka karies gigi pada anak, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pengalaman karies pada anak berkebutuhan khusus berdasarkan pengetahuan orang tua tentang pemeliharaan kebersihan mulut dan diet anak. Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel terdiri dari 60 anak (30 anak laki-laki dan 30 anak Perempuan) yang dipilih dengan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dan pemeriksaan karies. Data diolah secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Kruskal wallis. Hasil: Rerata pengalaman karies sebanyak 33 anak berusia 6-12 tahun kategori rendah dengan rerata deft 1,55±1,872 dan rerata DMFT 2,24±1,985, anak berusia 13-17 tahun kategori sedang dengan rerata DMFT 4,37±3,764. Uji Kruskal wallis menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara pengalaman karies pada anak berkebutuhan khusus berdasarkan tingkat pengetahuan orang tua tentang pemeliharaan kebersihan mulut dan diet (p=0,001) pada kedua kelompok usia. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan pengalaman karies pada anak berkebutuhan khusus berdasarkan tingkat pengetahuan orang tua tentang pemeliharaan kebersihan mulut dan diet anak. Kata kunci anak berkebutuhan khusus, pengetahuan orang tua, kebersihan mulut, diet anak, karies Differences in caries experience among children with special needs based on parental knowledge of oral hygiene maintenance and dietary habits: a cross-sectional study ABSTRACT Introduction: Children with special needs have a higher risk of oral health problems than typically developing children, partly due to mental and physical limitations in maintaining proper oral hygiene. Low parental knowledge of oral hygiene practices and dietary habits is a contributing factor to the high prevalence of dental caries. This study aimed to analyze differences in caries experience among children with special needs based on parental knowledge of oral hygiene maintenance and children’s dietary habits at the Arnhemia Special Needs Institution. Methods: This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 60 children (30 boys and 30 girls) selected through a total sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and dental caries examinations. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods.. Results: Among the participants, 33 children aged 6–12 years showed a low caries experience, with a mean deft score of 1.55 ± 1.872 and a mean DMFT score of 2.24 ± 1.985. In contrast, children aged 13–17 years demonstrated a moderate caries experience, with a mean DMFT score of 4.37 ± 3.764. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a significant difference in caries experience among children with special needs based on parental knowledge of oral hygiene maintenance and diet (p=0.001) in both age groups.Conclusions: There was a difference in caries experience among children with special needs based on parental knowledge of oral hygiene maintenance and dietary habits. Keywords special needs children, parental knowledge, oral hygiene, diet, dental caries

Effectiveness of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria Ternatea) Extract Against Streptococcus Mutans Bacterial Growth In Vitro Salmiah, Siti; Nainggolan, Jesica Dwiasta Octaria Mp
Jurnal Sehat Indonesia (JUSINDO) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Sehat Indonesia (JUSINDO)
Publisher : CV. Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/jsi.v7i01.189

Dental caries is still a significant dental problem and is children's most common infectious disease. Caries is a microbiological infectious disease that can damage the hard tissue of the teeth. Several factors, including the microorganism Streptococcus mutans, cause caries. This bacterium is the main species in dental plaque that plays a role in the etiology of caries. One way to prevent caries is cleaning plaque regularly, one of which is mouthwash. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of butterfly pea flower extract (Clitoria ternatea ) on the growth of Streptococcus mutans in vitro. This type of research is laboratory experimental research using a post-test-only control group design approach. The samples used were butterfly pea flower extract ( Clitoria ternatea ) diluted with DMSO to a concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 3.125%, 6.125% and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. This research was conducted using the MIC test dilution method and KBM to see the effectiveness of the antibacterial extract against the test bacteria. Analysis of research data using the one-way ANOVA test (p <0.05) to see significant differences between study groups with the number of test bacteria, followed by a double comparison test with the Post Hoc Least Significance Different (LSD) method to determine the average difference between treatment groups. Antibacterial effectiveness test results showed that butterfly pea flower extract (Clitoria ternatea) was effective in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans bacteria (p<0.05), at a concentration of 25% was the minimum inhibitory level (MIC) and 50% concentration was the minimum killing rate (MBC). This study concludes that the extract of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) effectively inhibits and kills Streptococcus mutans bacteria

KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN GIGI PADA ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS DI SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA TAMAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MEDAN Essie Octiara; Siti Salmiah; Zulfi Amalia; Luthfiani
ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018): ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Children with Special Needs is a person who has behavioral, physical and intellectual barriers that make doctor have to change approach with various ways to do the treatment. Children with special needs is a high-risk group for health problems, especially dental caries and periodontal disease, but in fact they are often too late to get dental treatment or never get the treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and experience of caries and dental care needs in children with special needs atSLB Taman Pendidikan Islam in Medan. The research was conducted by descriptive survey. The sample was 96 children with special needs with aged between 5-29 years old. Clinical caries examination using def-t / DMF-T (WHO) index and modified Treatment Need Index (TNI). The study is represent that the prevalence of children's caries is 92,71%. Experience of dental caries is 2,28+3,25; while the permanent dental caries experience was 3,02+2,98. Based on Treatment Need Index (TNI), the level of dental care needs was 656 teeth or average dental treatment of each child requires was 6.83 teeth, with the three most needed treatment is a surface restoration was 2.49 teeth, followed by tooth extraction was1.43 teeth and pulp treatment was 0.70 teeth. From the study it can be concluded that the level of dental hygiene in the chidren with special needs was still quite low, as well as the utilization of dental facilities.

Effectiveness of Butterfly Pea ( Clitoria Ternatea ) Extract Against Streptococcus Mutans Bacterial Growth In Vitro Salmiah, Siti; Nainggolan, Jesica Dwiasta Octaria Mp
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 4 No. 10 (2024): Journal Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v4i10.38810

Dental caries is still a major problem in dentistry and is the most common infectious disease in children. Caries is a microbiological infectious disease that can damage the hard tissue of the teeth. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of butterfly pea flower extract ( Clitoria ternatea ) on the growth of Streptococcus mutans in vitro. This type of research is laboratory experimental research using a post test only control group design approach The samples used were butterfly pea flower extract ( Clitoria ternatea ) diluted with DMSO to a concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 3.125%, 6.125% and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. This research was conducted using the MIC test dilution method and KBM to see the effectiveness of the antibacterial extract against the test bacteria. Analysis of research data using the one way ANOVA test (p <0.05) to see significant differences between study groups with the number of test bacteria, followed by a double comparison test with the Post Hoc Least Significance Different (LSD) method to determine the average difference between treatment groups. Antibacterial effectiveness test results showed that butterfly pea flower extract ( Clitoria ternatea ) was effective in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans bacteria (p<0.05), at a concentration of 25% was the minimum inhibitory level (MIC) and 50% concentration was the minimum killing rate (MBC). ). The conclusion of this study is that the extract of butterfly pea flower ( Clitoria ternatea ) is effective in inhibiting and killing Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

Differences in the effects of pulp necrosis between jatropha (Jatropha curcas) gum paste and formocresol on the maxillary first molars of wistar rats: Study experimental Sitanggang, Pinantri Agnes; Salmiah, Siti
Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students Vol 9, No 3 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjdrs.v9i3.67268

ABSTRAKIntroduction: Pulpitis is an inflammation of the pulp that can heal or persist. Pulp devitalization is a dental treatment for pulpitis to eliminate pulp sensation. Formocresol is a pulp devitalization agent, but it has toxic effects. Jatropha curcas is a convenient solution because it contains alkaloid compounds that can destroy peptidoglycan in the cells, causing pulp necrosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the difference in the effects of pulp necrosis following the application of Jatropha curcas gum paste and formocresol on the maxillary first molars of Wistar rats. Methods: This study used an experimental, post-test-only control group design. The type of statistical analysis used a one-way ANOVA test and continued with a post hoc LSD test. There were 2 groups in this study, namely the 50% Jatropha curcas gum paste group and the formocresol group with 16 samples each. The treatment material (50% Jatropha curcas gum paste or formocresol) was placed in the dental cavities of Wistar rats and covered with temporary ZOE fillings. On day 14, the Wistar rats underwent cervical dislocation for tooth sampling and tissue slide preparation. Results: Statistical tests using one-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in pulp cell necrosis on day 14. A post hoc LSD test revealed a significant difference between the 50% Jatropha curcas gum paste groups and formocresol with p-value 0.001 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Jatropha curcas gum paste at 50% concentration was effective as alternative for pulp devitalization on the maxillary first molars of Wistar rats. Jatropha curcas gum paste produced a higher number of necrotic cells in the pulp tissue of maxillary first molars of Wistar rats compared to formocresol.KEY WORDS: Jatropha curcas gum paste, formocresol, pulp devitalization, pulp necrosis.Perbedaan efek nekrosis pulpa antara pemberian pasta getah jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) dan formokresol pada molar satu maksila tikus wistar: Studi eksperimentalABSTRACTPendahuluan: Pulpitis adalah suatu peradangan pada pulpa yang dapat sembuh kembali atau terus berlanjut. Devitalisasi pulpa digunakan sebagai perawatan gigi untuk pulpitis karena menyebabkan mati rasa pada saraf. Formokresol adalah salah satu bahan devitalisasi pulpa tetapi memiliki efek toksik. Getah jarak pagar merupakan solusi yang mudah karena mengandung senyawa alkaloid yang dapat menghancurkan peptidoglikan pada sel penyebab nekrosis pulpa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perbedaan efek nekrosis pulpa pada pemberian pasta getah jarak pagar dan formokresol molar satu maksila tikus Wistar. Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan eksperimental post test only control group design. Jenis analisis statistik menggunakan uji one-way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan uji post hoc LSD. Terdapat 2 kelompok pada penelitian ini antara lain kelompok pasta getah jarak pagar 50% dan kelompok formokresol dengan masing-masing 16 sampel. Bahan perlakuan (pasta getah jarak pagar 50% atau formokresol) ditempatkan pada kavitas gigi tikus Wistar dan ditutup dengan tumpatan sementara ZOE. Hari ke-14 dilakukan dislokasi leher pada tikus Wistar untuk pengambilan sampel gigi dan pembuatan slide jaringan. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan one-way ANOVA terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada sel pulpa yang mengalami nekrosis pada hari ke-14. Uji post hoc LSD terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok pasta getah jarak pagar 50% dan formokresol dengan nilai p=0,001 (p˂0,05). Simpulan: Pasta getah jarak pagar 50% adalah konsentrasi yang efektif sebagai bahan alternatif devitalisasi pulpa pada molar satu maksila tikus Wistar. Pasta getah jarak pagar 50% menghasilkan jumlah sel nekrosis lebih tinggi pada jaringan pulpa molar satu maksila tikus Wistar dibandingkan formokresol. KATA KUNCI: Pasta getah jarak pagar, formokresol, devitalisasi pulpa, nekrosis pulpa.

Benefits of Animated Video on Oral Hygiene for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (A Study of Difficulty Factors in Oral Hygiene) Witriana Latifa Wibisono; Roosje R. Oewen; Tri Damayanti; Siti Salmiah; , Raisya Nabila Ayudya
Dentika: Dental Journal Vol. 28 No. 2 (2025): Dentika: Dental Journal
Publisher : TALENTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/dentika.v28i2.20890

This quasi-experimental study used a single-group pretest/posttest design to evaluate the effectiveness of an animated video intervention on oral hygiene behaviors among 34 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The animated educational video was administered 15 times over five weeks. Data were collected using parental questionnaires and observational checklists. Significant improvements in oral hygiene maintenance behaviors were observed post-intervention. The results showed that 91.18%, 94.12%, and 85.29% of participants brushed twice daily, used fluoride toothpaste, and reduced soft drink consumption, respectively. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test confirmed statistically significant positive changes in five out of seven measured behaviors (p<0.05), with an overall effectiveness rate of 85.3%. Visible behavioral improvements were documented starting from the 16th day of the intervention. In conclusion, animated video modeling is an effective, evidence-based tool for enhancing dental health behaviors in children with ASD.

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