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Modified Natural Rubber Based on the Sulphur Curing System as Rubber Compound Formulation on Basic Design of Seismic Bearing Cifriadi, Adi; Sugita, Purwantiningsih; Kemala, Tetty; Nikmatin, Siti; Puspitasari, Santi; Falaah, Asron Ferdian; Wijaya, Usman
Jurnal Kimia Valensi Jurnal Kimia VALENSI, Volume 10, No. 2, November 2024
Publisher : Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jkv.v10i2.39963

Indonesia is highly susceptible to earthquakes, with the southern and western coasts of Java and Sumatra being the most vulnerable regions. Due to this vulnerability, it is necessary to establish a culture of disaster mitigation in the most fertile and heavily populated islands to reduce the number of fatalities and economic losses caused by earthquakes. One of the promising real-world seismic base isolation methods is using a rubber seismic bearing constructed of rubber and metal layers. This study aimed to examine the typical behavior of natural rubber compounds subjected to various sulfur-curing processes as basic designs in the manufacture of rubber seismic bearings. The experiment was carried out by arranging the sulfur curing system into three categories, namely an efficient which applied N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfonamide (CBS)/Sulfur (S) ratio as 1.4/0.15 and 1.4/0.25, semi-efficient with CBS/S ratio of 1.4/1.4 and 1.4/1.7, and conventional with CBS/S ratio of 1.4/3.0 and 1.4/3.5. The results showed that the ideal modification condition for NR macromolecule chain found in seismic-bearing rubber compound was a semi-efficient sulfur curing system with a CBS/S ratio of 1.4/1.4. It suggested that a semi-efficient sulfur curing system was appropriate for developing rubber compound formulation for seismic rubber bearings, mainly for low-damping types.

Semiconductor Based on Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Alkali Cellulose Adiati, Rima Fitria; Nikmatin, Siti; Irmansyah, -
JMPM (Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): Juni
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmpm.v8i1.20521

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a readily available biomass resource in Indonesia. Its processing into alpha-cellulose and alkaline cellulose offers promising economic opportunities and sustainable sensor development. This study focuses on extracting alpha-cellulose from OPEFB using kraft hydrolysis method and converting it into alkaline cellulose using NaOH solution. The 15, 20, and 25% variation of NaOH percentage during pulping resulting in different pulp quality indicated by alpha-cellulose content. The resulting alkali cellulose exhibits semiconductor properties with an energy gap of 3.6 eV, demonstrating its potential for light sensor or photodiode applications. Additionally, the optical energy gap of alkali cellulose-polyvinyl alcohol composites is investigated.

Optical and Electrical Properties of OPEFB Alkali Cellulose and PVA Composite Adiati, Rima Fitria; Nikmatin, Siti; Irmansyah; Putri, Nazwa Nuradilla; Anandiwa, Siti Altirana
Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jfpc.v3i2.211

The Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) is a byproduct of oil palm plantation and abundantly available in Indonesia. It is necessary to process the biomass waste into a more useful and higher value substances, such as semiconductor. This research aims to extract alpha-cellulose from OPEFB and process it into alkali cellulose - Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) composite for potential photodetector application. PVA acts as mechanical binding agent with 5%, 7.5%, and 10% concentration. Spectroscopy-based measurement is used to characterize the composite’s optical properties, while LCR meter is used to measure the electrical properties such as conductivity and capacitance. Using UV-Vis spectroscopy with wavelength range of 400-900 nm, it is observed that alkali cellulose with 5% PVA has the highest optical absorbance. Using Kubelka-Munk equation and Tauc plot, the energy gap of the composite was calculated, with the lowest energy gap is 2,769 eV at 5% PVA. Using LCR meter between frequency of 5 Hz to 5 MHz, one can measure conductivity (specific conductance) of a material, where highest obtained electrical conductivity is 2,65×1004 S/cm, which satisfy typical value of semiconductor characteristic. Measurement of Impedance also shows that composite with 7.5% PVA has the highest impedance at lower frequencies, then decreases to almost zero at frequency higher than 5000 Hz. These results demonstrate the potential of alkali cellulose-PVA composite as semiconductor sensors. These findings suggest the potential for developing low-cost, sustainable electronic devices.

Efficiency Improvement, Design Optimization, and Expansion of Oxygen Flow Valve Holes in Small Industrial Scale Husk Furnaces Hanifan, Rahmah Asri Nurani; Hajar, Siti; Har, Nazopatul Patonah; Zuhri, Mahfuddin; Rustami, Erus; Nikmatin, Siti; Irzaman, Irzaman
Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni Vol 12 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v12i2.18960

Indonesia has an abundant amount of industry. Production in large, medium, and small industries still uses gas and oil as fuel sources. The fuel sources used still come from non-renewable energy. There is a need for alternative use of renewable energy to reduce the use of non-renewable energy. One solution is the use of rice husk biomass as a fuel source. Rice husk is still often considered as waste despite its many utilizations. The utilization of rice husk waste must be improved to increase its beneficial value. Rice husk waste can be utilized as a fuel source in a husk furnace. A husk furnace is a cooking device in which the fuel (rice husk) is burned using direct combustion. This research aims to optimize the efficiency of the husk furnace by varying the size of the oxygen flow valve hole and the mass of water being heated. Tests were conducted on four variations of oxygen flow valve hole size, namely, 36x27 cm2, 36x34 cm2, 43x34 cm2, and 50x34 cm2, and two variations of water mass (6 and 18 kg). The research was conducted by heating water using the Water Boiling Test method with test parameters: heating time, fuel consumption rate, energy in, energy out, heat efficiency, heat transfer rate, and ash and charcoal yield. The significant efficiency value can be used as a reference for small-scale industrial rice husk furnaces. The most significant efficiency in the study was 54.99%, achieved by a 43x34 cm2 valve hole for heating 18 kg of water. Based on the most effective efficiency value gained, the expansion of the oxygen flow valve hole is sufficient to be used as a test parameter to test the optimization of small industrial-scale husk furnaces.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pengolahan Batang Pisang Menjadi Benang Sebagai Bahan Baku Kain dan Industri Kreatif Siti Nikmatin; Abd Djamil Husin; Rima Fitria Adiati
Jurnal Pengabdian UNDIKMA Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): May
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika (UNDIKMA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jpu.v4i2.6260

This community service activity aims to improve the economy of the village community and bring biomaterial research innovation results through the processing of banana stems into yarn as a raw material for cloth and the creative industry. The method of implementing this service used training which consisted of the stages of program introduction, processing of banana stem waste, and commercialization. The partners for this activity were the people in Sidorejo Village, Sukosewu District, Bojonegoro Regency, which are members of youth organizations. The results of this community service activity were analyzed descriptively, and simple banana stem processing positively impacted new knowledge and sources of income. The people of Siderejo village got additional daily income, activities for local economic development, and added value in knowledge, affective, and motor skills.

Pelatihan Konversi Biomass Sawit Menjadi Geo-Textile Nonwoven untuk Kemandirian Ekonomi Desa Wirajaya Kabupaten Bogor Nikmatin, Siti; Setyaningsih, Luluk; Denih, Asep; Irmansyah, Irmansyah; Zuhri, Mahfuddin; Adiati, Rima Fitria
Jurnal Pengabdian UNDIKMA Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): February
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika (UNDIKMA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jpu.v6i1.13401

The purpose of the PDTI program's community service activities is to achieve economic independence through the processing of OPEFB into geotextiles and creative industries. The implementation method uses training and assistance in processing OPEFB into fiber using fibrillation milling tools and arranging them into non-woven textile sheets to be applied in diversifying products with high economic value. Participants in PDTI activities are farmer groups from Wirajaya Village, Bogor Regency, which is <100 m from the IPB Dramaga. The evaluation instrument uses pretest and posttest on the quantitative value of knowledge, skills, and motivation in absorbing the technology provided through training. The results of the evaluation showed a significant improvement in people's knowledge, skills, and motivation. This program not only opens up new business opportunities but also contributes to environmental conservation through organic waste reduction and the promotion of a circular economy. In addition, this program has also increased to have a positive impact on the community in terms of knowledge, motivation, and skills. Meanwhile, the results of intensive training and assistance to the community are also able to convert waste into value-added products such as nonwoven geotextiles.

Biomaterial Geotextile Berbahan Biomassa untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Pertanian di Desa Sidorejo Kabupaten Bojonegoro Nikmatin, Siti; Husin, Abd Djamil; Mulyanto, Budi; Adiati, Rima Fitria
Jurnal Pengabdian UNDIKMA Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika (UNDIKMA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jpu.v6i2.15360

This community service program aims to develop sustainable geotextiles made from local biomass. It involves training farmers in their production as an effort to reduce plastic use, improve soil health, and increase yields of papaya and chili crops. This community service implementation uses a participatory approach targeting farmers who are members of the "Karya Tani" farmer group in Desa Sidorejo, Bojonegoro Regency, East Java, with a total of 25 participants. The results of this service indicate that plastic mulch can be replaced with geotextiles made from local biomass in maintaining soil moisture, weed control, sunlight absorption, and water management. The best results were obtained from coconut coir geotextiles compared to straw, yielding 500 kg of papaya harvest from a 0.25-hectare plantation. Ultimately, this community development project aims to promote sustainable agriculture, empower rural communities, and contribute to a circular economy.

Peningkatan Ekonomi Desa Sidorejo Kabupaten Bojonegoro melalui Industri Kreatif Berbahan Batang Pisang dan Komersialisasinya Nikmatin, Siti; Adiati, Rima Fitria
Agrokreatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 10 No. 3 (2024): Agrokreatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/agrokreatif.10.3.420-427

Lecturer service is an activity that disseminates research and innovation results to village communities. The program's main objective is to improve the economy of village communities in the creative consumer goods industry made from banana stem fiber. The implementation of the service includes interactive discussions and training in production and commercialization. The partner for this activity is the farmer group Karya Tani, which includes youth and homemakers in Sidorejo Village, Sukosewu District, and Bojonegoro Regency. The activity results are analyzed based on the increased knowledge and skills observed before and after the activity. The results show that society has experienced increased handicraft production to produce products with designs and variations that have high selling value. This can increase sales and the household economy by using local natural resources, especially banana stem waste.

Modified Natural Rubber Based on the Sulphur Curing System as Rubber Compound Formulation on Basic Design of Seismic Bearing Cifriadi, Adi; Sugita, Purwantiningsih; Kemala, Tetty; Nikmatin, Siti; Puspitasari, Santi; Falaah, Asron Ferdian; Wijaya, Usman
Jurnal Kimia Valensi Jurnal Kimia VALENSI, Volume 10, No. 2, November 2024
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jkv.v10i2.39963

Indonesia is highly susceptible to earthquakes, with the southern and western coasts of Java and Sumatra being the most vulnerable regions. Due to this vulnerability, it is necessary to establish a culture of disaster mitigation in the most fertile and heavily populated islands to reduce the number of fatalities and economic losses caused by earthquakes. One of the promising real-world seismic base isolation methods is using a rubber seismic bearing constructed of rubber and metal layers. This study aimed to examine the typical behavior of natural rubber compounds subjected to various sulfur-curing processes as basic designs in the manufacture of rubber seismic bearings. The experiment was carried out by arranging the sulfur curing system into three categories, namely an efficient which applied N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfonamide (CBS)/Sulfur (S) ratio as 1.4/0.15 and 1.4/0.25, semi-efficient with CBS/S ratio of 1.4/1.4 and 1.4/1.7, and conventional with CBS/S ratio of 1.4/3.0 and 1.4/3.5. The results showed that the ideal modification condition for NR macromolecule chain found in seismic-bearing rubber compound was a semi-efficient sulfur curing system with a CBS/S ratio of 1.4/1.4. It suggested that a semi-efficient sulfur curing system was appropriate for developing rubber compound formulation for seismic rubber bearings, mainly for low-damping types.

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