<![CDATA[The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has brought significant transformations across various aspects of life, particularly in the processes of collecting, processing, and utilizing personal data. The capability of AI to analyze vast amounts of data has generated new challenges concerning the protection of individual privacy rights, particularly regarding data processing transparency, information security, and the potential misuse of personal data. This study aims to analyze the regulation of personal data protection in addressing the development of AI technology through a comparative study between the legal systems of Indonesia and the European Union. This research employs a normative legal research method using a statutory approach and a comparative legal approach. The study compares Indonesia’s personal data protection framework, particularly Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, with the European Union’s regulatory framework through the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the development of AI regulation under the Artificial Intelligence Act. The analysis focuses on the principles of data protection, AI-based data processing mechanisms, the responsibilities of data controllers and processors, and efforts to mitigate risks to the rights of data subjects. The findings indicate that both Indonesia and the European Union recognize personal data protection as an essential component of safeguarding fundamental individual rights. However, the European Union adopts a more comprehensive regulatory approach through the implementation of privacy by design principles, risk-based supervision, and specific regulation of high-risk AI systems. Meanwhile, Indonesia continues to face challenges in terms of regulatory harmonization, supervisory mechanisms, and institutional readiness in addressing the complexities of AI-based data processing. Therefore, strengthening personal data protection regulations and governance in Indonesia is necessary to establish a balance between AI technological innovation and the protection of individuals’ privacy rights.]]>
