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Journal : Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)

Sifat-sifat Kimia dan Mineralogi Tanah serta Kaitannya dengan Kebutuhan Pupuk untuk Padi (Oryza sativa), Jagung (Zea mays), dan Kedelai (Glycine max) Nursyamsi, Dedi; Suprihati, ,
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 33 No. 3 (2005): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (54.606 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v33i3.1263

Abstract

Laboratory experiment was conducted to identify soil chemical and mineralogical characteristics from topsoil (0-20 cm) of Inceptisols, Oxisols, Vertisols, and Andisols, as well as its relationship with the requirement of NPK, lime, and organic matter fertilizers for rice, maize, and soybean at laboratory of Indonesian Soil Research Institute and Soil Science Department of Bogor Agricultural University.  The result showed that Inceptisols was dominated by kaolinite (1:1), Oxisols by kaolinite and goethite (hydroxide), and Vertisols by smectite (2:1). Andisols had kaolinite and crystobalite (oxide) minerals in it, while amorphous materials could not be detected through X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method.  The soil reaction of Inceptisols, Oxisols, and Andisols was acid; exchangeable (exch) Ca and Mg, the contents of K and P, as well as base saturation (BS) of the soils were low. On the contrary, the soil reaction of Vertisols was neutral; exch. Al and H were very low, whereas exch. Ca and Mg, the contents of K and P, as well as base saturation (BS) of the soil were high. Both Vertisols and Andisols had high cation exchange capacity (CEC) which was from permanent charge in Vertisols and from variable charge (organic matter) in Andisols. Fertilizer requirement for crops in the soil was affected by land use system, plant species, soil nutrient content and its behavior in the soil system.   Key words: Soil characteristics, fertilizer, rice, maize, soybean.  
Pengaruh Kalium dan Varietas Jagung terhadap Eksudat Asam Organik dari Akar, Serapan N, P, dan K Tanaman dan Produksi Brangkasan Jagung (Zea mays L.) Nursyamsi, Dedi
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 37 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (55.471 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v37i2.1402

Abstract

Pot experiment was aimed to study effect of potassium (K) and variety on organic acid exudates from roots, plant N, P, and K uptakes, and plant dry weight. The experiment was conducted in the green house of Indonesian Soil Research Institute, Bogor using sand culture method. Factorial in Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications was used in this experiment. The first factor was K application, i.e. without K and application of 100 ppm K, and the second one was 10 varieties of maize, i.e. Antasena, Sukmaraga, CIMMIT 3330, Wisanggeni, Bisma, Lamuru, Pioneer-4, Pioneer-7, Pioneer-11, and Pioneer-21. The result showed that application of K significantly increased plant N and K uptakes. Among tested varieties, the N, P, and K uptake, as well as roots and dry weights of CIMMIT 3330 were the lowest, while those variables of Pioneer-7 were the highest. Among organic acid exudates, oxalic acid was the most dominant exudates exerted from roots, it was about 3.15 mg/g roots dry weight (DW) of Wisanggeni compared  to 5.93 mg/g roots DW of CIMMIT 3330. Plant age significantly affected the exudates which was in the order of 4 weeks after planting  (WAP) > 2 WAP > 6 WAP. Among tested varieties (Antasena, CIMMIT 3330, Wisanggeni, Lamuru, and Pioneer-21), CIMMIT 3330 was the most potential variety to increase availability of soil K in smectitic soils, thus increasing the efficiency of K fertilizer in the soils.   Key words: Potassium, variety,  organic acid exudates, plant uptake, maize.