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All Journal SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Legalitas JOURNAL of LEGAL RESEARCH Dikmas: Jurnal Pendidikan Masyarakat dan Pengabdian International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC) Journal of Social Research Kanun: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Advances In Social Humanities Research Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmiah Asian Journal of Social and Humanities SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum Corpus Juris : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Kristiawanto Kristiawanto
Faculty Of Law Universitas Jayabaya
Religion Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Category of Unlawful Acts That Are Not Corruption Crimes for the Sake of Achieving Legal Certainty Regi Julian; Rr. Dijan Widijowati; Kristiawanto
International Journal of Science and Society Vol 5 No 2 (2023): International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC)
Publisher : GoAcademica Research & Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54783/ijsoc.v5i2.669

Abstract

Act of corruption, an act that already exists at an alarming level in Indonesia. The element against the law in corruption cases is essential and determines the existence of a criminal act of corruption that must be accounted for, both positional responsibility and personal responsibility. The consequences of personal responsibility are related to criminal responsibility. This research will be carried out to see how the form of unlawful acts does not meet the elements of corruption and how the concept of legal certainty for unlawful acts does not meet the elements of corruption. This research will be carried out using normative juridical research. This research will then be carried out using the Statute Approach and Case Approach. The results of this study then found at least seven types of formulations in criminal acts of corruption in Law No. 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law No. 20 of 2001. Suppose an act is considered to have violated the law and can be subject to criminal sanctions. In that case, two elements must be fulfilled: the actus reus (physical element) and mens rea (mental element) elements. The element of actus reus is the essence of the crime itself or the act committed, while the element of mens rea is the inner attitude of the perpetrator at the time of committing the act.
Legal Protection of Cryptocurrency Users Against Cybercrime Attacks Adi Darmawansyah; Djunaedi Djunaedi; Kristiawanto Kristiawanto
Journal of Social Research Vol. 2 No. 7 (2023): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v2i7.1256

Abstract

The medium of exchange can be any object that can be accepted by everyone in society in the process of exchanging goods and services. Long before knowing money, humans had made transactions using barter practices, that is, the exchange of goods and/or services for the desired goods and/or services. In the preparation of this research, a normative juridical approach where approach is carried out based on the main legal material by examining theories, concepts, legal principles, and laws and regulations related to this research. Cryptocurrency assets don't just impact people who mine or trade crypto. It turns out that anonymous platforms that run crypto are also increasingly associated with cybercrime. A recent study from Interisle Consulting Group revealed that phishing attempts related to cryptocurrencies grew 257 percent compared to last year (compared to a 61 percent increase in phishing attacks overall), especially for attacks on wallets and exchanges. The rapid development of information and communication technology makes the journey of the development of crime in the virtual and digital world (cybercrime) sophisticated and complex.
Tanggung Jawab Pidana dan Uang Pengganti dalam Kasus Pencucian Uang Korupsi di Indonesia Januar Rasito; Kristiawanto Kristiawanto; Mohamad Ismed
Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Legalitas Vol 17, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Jayabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31479/jphl.v17i1.264

Abstract

This research discusses evidence in corruption money laundering cases in Indonesia, focusing on the use of reverse burden of proof. This burden of proof is applied primarily to the assets of the defendant in corruption cases. However, the use of this reverse burden of proof still raises uncertainties in its implementation, especially in identifying assets that are not defendants, and can have an impact on the ownership rights of the defendant's assets. This research uses a normative juridical method with interpretative analysis to investigate the complexity of the evidentiary mechanism. The results show that the defendant must prove that his/her assets are not the proceeds of a criminal offense to retain the right to the assets, otherwise, the assets will be confiscated by the state. Therefore, further clarification is needed in the relevant laws to improve clarity and fairness in the application of the reverse burden of proof in corruption and money laundering cases.
The Study of Implementation Effectiveness in the Various Criminal Law Policies During the Covid-19 Pandemic Joko Sri Widodo; Kristiawanto Kristiawanto; Tofik Yanuar Chandra
Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 23, No 3 (2021): Vol. 23, No. 3, December 2021
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/kanun.v23i3.21912

Abstract

There are various pros and cons to the criminal law policies by the Indonesian government in the context of dealing with covid 19. So it is necessary to have a study related to the effectiveness of implementing these various policies. The author's background is to discuss the formulation of the problem in this article: What is the criminal law policy during the covid 19 pandemic? And how is the effectiveness in the implementation of these policies? This article uses a normative juridical research method that examines various positive laws from the applicable laws and regulations, and then it is analyzed in analytical descriptive. The Indonesian government has established various policies to prevent the covid 19 transmission. The guidelines consist of: the formation of various legal regulations related to the covid pandemic; a policy of criminal sanctions for violators of social policies during the covid 19 pandemic; prisoner assimilation policy; electronic trial of criminal cases during the covid 19 pandemic; corruption prevention policies; policies on workplaces in public areas. Regarding the effectiveness of implementing these policies, it can be said that the execution tends to be less optimal because the policies are contrary to one another. So this article provides suggestions to the government and the community should have mutual support for the implementation of criminal law policies during the COVID-19 pandemic can be effective.
Rekonstruksi Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Siber di Indonesia Adji Saputra; Kristiawanto Kristiawanto; Mohamad Ismed
SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum, Februari 2024
Publisher : LPPM Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi 45 Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55681/seikat.v3i1.1186

Abstract

Ancaman kejahatan siber di era transformasi digital menjadi fokus utama masyarakat, terus berkembang seiring kemudahan dan tantangan yang dibawa oleh transformasi tersebut. Kejahatan siber menggunakan teknologi digital, merugikan materiil dan non-materiil bagi individu, organisasi, dan negara. Metode yang digunakan adalah Yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan sumber bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Teknik pengumpulan materi perundang-undangan dan konseptual analitis serta hukum yang dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi dan menginventarisasi kaidah-kaidah hukum yang positif, meneliti bahan pustaka dan sumber bahan hukum lainnya yang relevan dengan permasalahan hukum yang diteliti. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa Pelaku kejahatan siber di era transformasi digital di Indonesia menimbulkan ancaman serius, terutama dalam bidang ekonomi. Keberlanjutan kemajuan teknologi digital membawa dampak merugikan yang signifikan, mencakup kerugian keuangan, gangguan sosial, dan bahkan ancaman terhadap stabilitas keamanan nasional. Penegakan hukum terhadap kejahatan siber memerlukan perhatian dan kewaspadaan nasional, dengan fokus pada peningkatan keamanan teknologi informasi, literasi keamanan siber, pembentukan regulasi efektif, serta kerjasama antara pemerintah, otoritas keamanan, dan masyarakat. Langkah-langkah tersebut menjadi kunci dalam mengantisipasi dan mencegah dampak yang lebih buruk akibat kejahatan siber di bidang ekonomi.
Proving Motive In Premeditated Murder Cases Aturkian Laia; Muhammad Mustofa; Kristiawanto Kristiawanto
Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): Asian Journal of Social and Humanities
Publisher : Pelopor Publikasi Akademika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/ajosh.v3i4.474

Abstract

The proof of motive in the crime of premeditated murder plays a crucial role but faces significant challenges due to the absence of a clearly defined motive within Article 340 of the Indonesian Criminal Code, leading to varying interpretations and inconsistent applications of the law. Some judges consider motive as a basis for sentencing, while others do not, resulting in legal uncertainty and concerns over fairness and uniformity in judicial decisions. This research aims to analyze the position of motive proof within the crime of premeditated murder and propose an ideal concept for its future application. Using a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches, the findings reveal that the absence of a clear directive regarding motive causes inconsistent judicial practices and undermines legal certainty. The study highlights the need to explicitly incorporate motive as an essential element of proof in Article 340 to enhance fairness and consistency in judicial decisions. It concludes that integrating motive into the legal framework of premeditated murder is critical to ensuring clarity for judicial interpretation, upholding justice, and strengthening the reliability of the legal system.
Reconstruction of Minor Criminal Case Settlement By The Prosecutor's Office Through Restorative Justice Teuku Syahroni; Fauzie Yusuf Hasibuan; Kristiawanto Kristiawanto
Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Vol. 3 No. 6 (2025): Asian Journal of Social and Humanities
Publisher : Pelopor Publikasi Akademika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/ajosh.v3i6.531

Abstract

This study analyzes the implementation of restorative justice in handling minor crimes by the Prosecutor's Office and offers a policy reconstruction to enhance its effectiveness and achieve substantive justice within the criminal law system. Employing a normative juridical method, the research utilizes legislative, case, historical, comparative, and conceptual approaches. The analysis draws on theories of justice by John Rawls, Lawrence M. Friedman’s theory of the legal system, and Howard J. Zehr’s theory of restorative justice. The findings reveal that restorative justice is not yet optimally implemented due to disparities in regional policy execution, weak legal infrastructure, and a prevailing retributive mindset among officials and the public. As a solution, the study recommends the mandatory implementation of restorative justice for minor crimes meeting specific criteria, clarifying application standards, enhancing law enforcement training, establishing more restorative justice centers, and strengthening supervision and evaluation mechanisms. The novelty of this research lies in identifying multidimensional barriers, integrating a comprehensive theoretical framework, and proposing a more systematic policy reconstruction. With improved implementation, restorative justice can become a primary tool in resolving minor offenses, reducing overcrowding in correctional facilities, and fostering a more equitable, recovery-focused legal system.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG PASIF YANG MEMILIKI ITIKAD BAIK UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM Mochamad Luthfi Zulfikar; Kristiawanto Kristiawanto; Marsudin Nainggolan
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 3 No. 6 (2026): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Juni 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v3i6.2584

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the legal regulation of passive money laundering perpetrators who have good intentions based on positive law in Indonesia and analyze the form of legal protection for passive money laundering perpetrators who have good intentions to realize legal certainty. The issues raised focus on how to regulate passive money laundering perpetrators who have good intentions based on positive law in Indonesia and what form of legal protection for passive money laundering perpetrators who have good intentions to realize legal certainty. The research method used is normative legal research with a statute approach, a conceptual approach, a case approach, and a comparative approach. Data sources are obtained from primary legal materials in the form of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD NRI 1945), the Criminal Code (KUHP), Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering Crimes, Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2013 concerning Procedures for Settling Applications for Handling Assets in Money Laundering Crimes or Other Crimes, Government regulations or other implementing regulations. The research findings implementation of passive money laundering perpetrators who have good intentions has adopted a broad approach to encompassing passive perpetrators to enhance the effectiveness of crime eradication. However, this expansion still leaves legal issues, particularly regarding the unclear parameters of the phrase "knowingly or reasonably suspected" and the lack of explicit regulation of the concept of good faith, which has the potential to create legal uncertainty and the risk of criminalization of innocent parties. On the other hand, legal protection for passive perpetrators acting in good faith is essentially available through various mechanisms, such as the right to object, judicial procedures, Supreme Court guidelines, and whistleblower immunity. However, these regulations still need to be refined to achieve a more optimal balance between the effectiveness of money laundering and guarantees of justice and legal certainty. This research concludes that legal protection for passive perpetrators acting in good faith is essentially available through various mechanisms, such as the right to object, judicial procedures, Supreme Court guidelines, and whistleblower immunity
Sentencing Based on The Principle of Justice for Victims of Serious Crimes Committed by Minors Freddy Oslan Parningatan; Kristiawanto Kristiawanto; Maryano Maryano
Advances In Social Humanities Research Vol. 4 No. 7 (2026): Advances In Social Humanities Research
Publisher : Sahabat Publikasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/adv.v4i7.585

Abstract

This article analyzes the paradigm shift in the prosecution of criminal cases under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law), from a retributive-formal orientation toward a restorative-proportional orientation within the Indonesian criminal justice system. The urgency of this study arises from the fact that the implementation of the ITE Law has frequently generated legal issues, including multiple interpretations, the criminalization of expression, and tensions between reputation protection, freedom of expression, and legal certainty. The second amendment to the ITE Law through Law Number 1 of 2024 was explicitly motivated by the need to address interpretive ambiguities and controversies within society, while Constitutional Court Decision Number 105/PUU-XXII/2024 further narrows the interpretation of several important provisions, particularly Article 27A, Article 45 paragraph (4), Article 28 paragraph (2), and Article 45A paragraph (2). This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, case-based, and limited comparative approaches grounded in the principle of restorative justice. The research findings indicate that the prosecution of ITE Law cases can no longer be interpreted merely as the transfer of cases to court after the fulfillment of formal legal elements; rather, it constitutes a substantive selection process that considers victims’ interests, loss recovery, proportionality, social impact, and the protection of constitutional rights. This article contributes by formulating a limited restorative prosecution model for ITE Law cases, namely by providing opportunities for the termination of prosecution based on reconciliation only in cases with interpersonal characteristics, where no serious public harm arises and where the requirements of Prosecutor’s Regulation Number 15 of 2020 are fulfilled.
Kepastian Hukum Penerapan Doktrin Business Judgement Rule terhadap Keputusan Direksi Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi Andi Naser; Kristiawanto Kristiawanto; Maryano Maryano
CENDEKIA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmiah Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): CENDEKIA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmiah, Januari 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/cendekia.v3i1.2239

Abstract

State-Owned Enterprises (SOE) cannot be separated from the role of the board of directors. However, decisions made by directors in good faith and with due care are frequently drawn into the realm of criminal law whenever state financial losses occur. In fact, losses in the business context do not necessarily constitute negligence or abuse of authority as stipulated under the Anti-Corruption Law, but may instead result from ordinary business risks or business losses. In this context, the Business Judgment Rule (BJR) doctrine emerges as a form of legal protection for directors, aimed at preventing the criminalization of bona fide business decisions. This research aims to examine the form of criminal liability of BUMN directors in corruption cases in Indonesia and to analyze the extent of legal certainty in the application of the Business Judgment Rule doctrine to decisions made by BUMN directors in corruption cases. The research employs a normative juridical legal research method. It applies several approaches, namely the statutory approach, conceptual approach, comparative approach, and case approach. The findings indicate that in the application of the Business Judgment Rule doctrine to decisions made by BUMN directors in corruption cases, directors’ decisions should not be subject to legal challenge, as the governance of BUMN corporate organs remains governed by the Company Law and the State-Owned Enterprises Law. Consequently, state losses arising from directors’ business decisions cannot be attributed to personal criminal liability. If shareholders—represented by the state—consider themselves to have suffered losses, legal remedies may be pursued through civil litigation by filing a claim before the court. As a recommendation, this study emphasizes the need for comprehensive regulations governing the application of the Business Judgment Rule doctrine in practice, in order to minimize disparities in judicial decisions and to ensure legal certainty for directors in their efforts to generate value and benefits for the corporation
Co-Authors Adi Darmawansyah Aditya Rezeki Ramadhan Adji Saputra Andi Naser Aturkian Laia Basuki Basuki Diah Sulastri Dewi Djunaedi Djunaedi Edy Prabudy Fauzie Yusuf Hasibuan Frans Jomar Karinda Freddy Oslan Parningatan Himawan Himawan I Nyoman Gede Putrawan Januar Rasito Joko Sri Widodo Joko Sriwidodo Marinov Munzir Marsudin Nainggolan Maryano, . Mochamad Luthfi Zulfikar Mohamad Ismed Mohamad Ismed Mohamad Ismed Mohamad Ismed Muhamad Fuady Muhammad Mustofa Nurlaila Nurlaila Regi Julian Rudy Bangun Santrawan T. Paparang Teuku Syahroni Tofik Yanuar Chandra Widijowati, Rr. Dijan Wilda Rizki Zondrafia Zondrafia