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All Journal Koordinat : Jurnal Pembelajaran Matematika dan Sains Journal of Mathematics Science and Computer Education
Haeruddin Haeruddin
Universitas Tadulako
Education Mathematics Physics

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Analysis of ChatGPT and Gemini Mental Models of Apparent Motion of the Sun and Stars Nurhikma Safitri; Jusman Mansyur; Haeruddin Haeruddin; Nurul Kami Sani; Andi Ulfah Khuzaimah
Koordinat Jurnal MIPA Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Tadris Matematika dan Tadris Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan (FTIK), Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Datokarama Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24239/koordinat.v7i1.195

Abstract

mental models regarding the apparent motion of the Sun and stars. The method used is a qualitative approach with an exploratory descriptive study using the reflective thematic analysis method according to Braun, Clarke, and Rance (2014). The subjects of this study were ChatGPT and Gemini, who also acted as respondents. The instrument used was 10 multiple-choice questions about the apparent motion of celestial bodies. Each answer was analyzed thematically to identify reasoning patterns, conceptual structures, and conformity with scientific mental models. The results show that ChatGPT predominantly displays a scientific mental model consistent with a heliocentric understanding and scientific explanation of apparent motion, while Gemini tends to display a hybrid mental model with a mixture of scientific concepts and preconceptions. The comparison of the two shows differences in conceptual depth, consistency of reasoning, and accuracy of scientific representation. These findings contribute to the development of the study of artificial intelligence mental models and open up opportunities for their use in AI-based science learning
Mapping the Intellectual Structure of Item Response Theory and Rasch Model Applications in Physics Education Assessment: A Scopus-Based Bibliometric Analysis Haeruddin Haeruddin; Delthawati Isti Ratnaningtyas; Muhammad Jarnawi; Syamsuriwal Syamsuriwal; Rudi Santoso
Journal of Mathematics Science and Computer Education Vol 6, No 1 (2026): MAY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jmscedu.v6i1.18491

Abstract

Assessment in physics education requires valid and reliable measurement instruments capable of accurately representing students’ cognitive abilities, including conceptual understanding, scientific reasoning, and problem-solving skills. Over the past decades, instrument validation has shifted from Classical Test Theory to modern probabilistic measurement models, particularly Item Response Theory (IRT) and the Rasch model. Despite the growing application of these models in physics education research, the expanding literature remains thematically and methodologically fragmented, limiting a comprehensive understanding of the field’s intellectual development. Therefore, this study aims to map the intellectual structure and research trends of IRT and Rasch model applications in physics education assessment. This study employed a bibliometric research design using 243 Scopus-indexed publications published between 2001 and 2026. Bibliographic metadata were retrieved using Publish or Perish and analyzed using the Bibliometrix package in RStudio and VOSviewer to examine publication trends, influential sources, collaboration networks, and keyword co-occurrence patterns. The results reveal substantial growth in publications, increasing by more than 1,150% over the past two decades. Five major thematic clusters were identified: measurement frameworks, psychometric modeling, validity and fairness, instrument development and technology, and learning progression. Emerging themes such as computational thinking, digital instrument development, and multidimensional assessment indicate a shift toward competency-based and technology-supported assessment practices. Overall, the findings reveal the intellectual structure and research trends of IRT and Rasch model applications in physics education assessment, demonstrating their growing role as central methodological frameworks in contemporary assessment research. These findings also provide directions for future research, particularly in developing multidimensional Rasch-based instruments and technology-enhanced assessment systems in physics education
Co-Authors Andi Ulfah Khuzaimah Delthawati Isti Ratnaningtyas Jusman Mansyur Muhammad Jarnawi Nurhikma Safitri Rudi Santoso Sani, Nurul Kami Syamsuriwal, Syamsuriwal