Raharni Raharni
Pusat Teknologi Intervensi Kesehatan Masyarakat. Badan Litbang Kesehatan. Kemenkes RI

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EVALUASI PERAN APOTEKER BERDASARKAN PEDOMAN PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN DI PUSKESMAS Supardi, Sudibyo; Raharni, Raharni; Susyanti, Andi Leny; Herman, Max J.
Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Vol 22, No 4 Des (2012)
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | http://ejournal.litbang.depkes.go.id/index.php/MPK/article/view/2915

Abstract

Abstract The Government Regulation Number 51 on Pharmacy Practice states that dispensing prescriptions in a health facility, including the community health center, must be done by a pharmacist. In 2010 only ten percents of community health centers have a pharmacist. A cross sectional qualitative study has been done to obtain information on the role of pharmacist themselves in practicing in a community health center, and to obtain information on problem and barrier of the role of pharmacist. The study was carried out in Java, namely in cities of Tangerang, Bandung, Surabaya and Bantul District. Informants for in-depth interviews are District/City Health Office staff involved in the pharmacist assignment in a community health center and head of community health center, whereas for focus group discussion we invited pharmacists from District/City Health Office, community health center, school of pharmacy and regional pharmacists association. Descriptive data were analyzed qualitatively using triangulation method and temporary results were reviewed in a round table discussion in Jakarta with DG of Pharmaceutical Services and Medical Devices, Indonesian Pharmacist Association and Provincial Health Office of DKI Jakarta. Results of the study show that: 1. A. pharmacist is not available at all community health centers, as well as non-care community health centers, there are many prescription services performed by non-professional personnel. 2. The role of pharmacist in a community health center covers good drug management just like their job description, especially in prescription dispensing and drug use report. 3. The role of the pharmacist in pharmaceutical services: (a) information carried on the delivery of drugs prescription drugs to the patient, prior to clinic services began, and during a visit to posyandu posyandu toddlers and the elderly, (b) drug counseling is limited given the availability of time and there is no room , (c) visite the patient was done, either with the patients own doctor or maternity hospitalization, (d) home care have not been going well. 4. Issues related to pharmacists in community health centers is the availability and the number does not match to the workload, so that pharmaceutical care have not been going well due to limitations of time and effort. Also there are pharmacists feel less capable in providing drug information to other health professionals, especially medical specialist several health centers, so it is still necessary coaching and training. Keywords: pharmacist, Guideline of pharmaceutical care, community health center, drug management Abstrak Dalam Peraturan Pemerintah RI Nomor 51 tahun 2009 disebutkan pelayanan resep dokter di pelayanan kefarmasian (salah satunya puskesmas) harus dilakukan oleh apoteker. Data tahun 2010 menunjukkan hanya 10% puskesmas yang memiliki apoteker. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan informasi tentang peran apoteker di puskesmas dan permasalahan dalam pelayanan kefarmasian di puskesmas. Hasil penelitian diharapkan sebagai masukan bagi pihak yang terkait untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan apoteker dalam pelayanan kefarmasian di puskesmas. Penelitian potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan terhadap instansi yang terkait dengan peran apoteker di puskesmas pada tahun 2011. Lokasi penelitian yang dipilih adalah Provinsi Banten, Jawa Barat, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, dan Jawa Timur. Dari masing-masing provinsi diambil satu kota, yaitu Kota Tangerang, Kota Bandung, Kabupaten Bantul dan Kota Surabaya. Informan penelitian untuk wawancara mendalam adalah Dinkes Kabupaten/Kota dan Kepala Puskesmas, sedangkan peserta diskusi kelompok terarah adalah 12 apoteker yang mewakili Dinkes Kabupaten/Kota, puskesmas perawatan, Perguruan Tinggi Farmasi (PTF) dan Pengurus Daerah Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia (PD IAI). Analisis data secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan metoda triangulasi sumber data dan triangulasi metoda pengumpulan data. Hasil sementara disempurnakan dengan Round Table Discussion di Jakarta dengan mengundang nara sumber. Hasil studi adalah sebagai berikut : 1.  Apoteker belum tersedia di semua puskesmas perawatan, apalagi puskesmas non perawatan, sehingga pelayanan resep dikerjakan oleh tenaga non profesional. 2.  Peran apoteker dalam pengelolaan obat umumnya sudah berjalan, khususnya dalam pelayanan obat resep dan pembuatan LP-LPO bulanan. 3.  Peran apoteker dalam pelayanan kefarmasian: (a) informasi obat dilakukan pada saat penyerahan obat resep kepada pasien, sebelum pelayanan puskesmas dimulai, dan pada saat kunjungan ke posyandu balita dan posyandu lansia, (b) konseling obat dilakukan terbatas mengingat ketersediaan waktu dan belum ada ruangan, (c) visite pasien sudah dilakukan, baik dengan dokter maupun sendiri kepada pasien bersalin rawat inap, (d) home care belum berjalan dengan baik. 4.  Permasalahan yang terkait dengan apoteker di puskesmas adalah ketersediaan dan jumlah tidak sesuai dengan beban kerjanya, sehingga pelayanan kefarmasian belum berjalan baik akibat keterbatasan waktu dan tenaga. Juga ada apoteker merasa kurang mampu dalam memberikan informasi obat kepada tenaga kesehatan lain, khususnya dokter spesialis di beberapa puskesmas perawatan, sehingga masih diperlukan pembinaan dan pelatihan.   Kata kunci: apoteker, pelayanan kefarmasian, pengelolaan obat, puskesmas
Biaya Tambahan Yang Dibayar Pasien Rawat Jalan Akibat Penulisan Resep Tidak Sesuai Dengan Formularium Rumah Sakit Supardi, Sudibyo; Azis, Sriana; Herman, MJ.; Jamal, Sarjaini; Mun'im, Abdul; Raharni, Raharni
Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 2, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Almost all district public hospital already has their own formulary. The aims of study are to obtain percentage of noncompliance with the public hospital formulary, to obtain the average additional cost be paid by outpatients as a result of noncompliance with the hospital formulary, and to obtain the average of the outpatient's ability to pay for treatment. A cross sectional study has been carried out to 120 patients in RSU Kabupaten K and 100 patients in RSU Kabupaten B. Subjects of the study were adult outpatients with TB, hypertension and diabetes. Data were collected by well-trained district public hospital staff in interviewing patients. The questioner was first tried out to patients at RSU Kota Jakarta Timur. Data were analyzed by cost analysis. Results of the study are difference in drug item with formulary in RSU Kabupaten K is 66,7% for TB, 96,6% for hypertension; where as in RSU Kabupaten B 44,8% for TB, 82,3% for hypertension and 76,7% for diabetes. Average additional cost that must be paid by outpatients per encounter in RSU Kabupaten K is Rp 10.060 for TB, Rp 26.552 for hypertension; while in RSU Kabupaten B is Rp 5.818 for TB, Rp 8.956 for hypertension and Rp 15.218 for diabetes. The average outpatient's ability to pay for treatment in RSU Kabupaten K is Rp 19.807 and in RSU Kabupaten B is Rp 15.301, which are both less than outpatient treatment cost per encounter.
Eksplorasi Pelayanan Informasi Yang Dibutuhkan Konsumen Apotek Dan Kesiapan Apoteker Memberi Informasi Terutama Untuk Penyakit Kronik Dan Degeneratif Handayani, Rini Sasanti; Gitawati, Retno; Muktiningsih, S.R; Raharni, Raharni
Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 3, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Currently, the prevalence of degenerative diseases in Indonesia is increased. The degenerative and chronic diseases need life-long treatment as well as changes in life style. On the other hand, long-life treatment using drugs will develop risks of adverse drug reactions or the possibilities of drug-drug interactions. In these circumstances, the role of a pharmacist is important to providing drug information and counselling, and patient education. However, there is evidence that pharmaceutical care in almost all pharmacies (drug dispensaries) in Indonesia is still “drug-oriented”. Drug information is not adequate and is provided by pharmacy assistants (technicians). In order to implement pharmaceutical care practice that meets the “Standard Competence for Pharmacy Practice” as well as consumer’s expectation, we need to know what is the exactly consumer’s expect in pharmaceutical care, particularly in drug information, and how is the commitment of the pharmacists to provide drug information of degenerative and chronic diseases in pharmaceutical care. For those reasons, a field survey has been carried out in Jakarta, Yogyakarta and Makassar to explore the consumer/patient’s opinions and needs for pharmaceutical care. A focus group discussion has also been done to explore the pharmacist commitment to provide drug information in pharmaceutical care practice. As a result, there is an indication of a discrepancy between the consumer/patient’s need for drug information and the commitment of pharmacists to provide drug information. Consumers have need for more drug information for all aspects including adverse drug reactions, drug interaction, what to do if adverse reaction occurred, duration of any treatments etc., not only drug indication and administration. On the other hand, pharmacists still need more knowledge and continuing education, particularly in pharmacotherapy and pharmacology of drugs used for degenerative and chronic diseases.
Kepuasan Pasien Rawat Jalan terhadap Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit dan Puskesmas di 11 Provinsi di Indonesia Prihartini, Nita; Yuniar, Yuyun; Susyanty, Andi Leny; Raharni, Raharni
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 10, NOMOR 1, FEBRUARI 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/jki.v10i1.1697

Abstract

Pharmaceutical services is a direct service and responsible to patients relating to pharmaceutical products aimed to improve the quality of life of patients. Quality of pharmaceutical services can be assessed based on outpatient satisfaction. The aim of the study was to compare the satisfaction of outpatients with pharmaceutical services in hospitals and primary health care. This study used a cross-sectional comparative study design and was conducted in February-November 2017 in 11 provinces, each province consisting of 2 districts/cities selected purposively. Samples were outpatients who got medicines in hospitals or primary health care at least 31 patients in each pharmacy. Satisfaction was assessed by the dimension of responsiveness, reliability, collateral, friendliness, and physical evidence. Data was collected by the questionnaires and analyzed using chi-square test. The results of the study show that outpatient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in hospital and primary health care was 90,9% and 96.6%, respectively. The largest percentage of outpatients in hospitals and primary health care are in the age group of 40-59 years, female, has further education, and not working/housewives. There were significant differences in the age group, gender, and education of outpatients between hospitals and primary health care. There was no significant relationship between the characteristics (age, sex, education, occupation) of outpatients and satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in hospitals and primary health care
Situasi Pencatatan dan Pelaporan Efek Samping Alat Kesehatan Beresiko di Rumah Sakit Herman, Max J; Raharni, Raharni; Sasanti, Rini
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 1, NOMOR 2, 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/jki.v1i2.2840

Abstract

The incidences of adverse effects of medical device used in hospitals either as an allergic reaction, user error or as a device malfimction have been much revealed in mass media up to this moment. In an attempt to develop an assessment and monitoring system of risky medical device in hospitals, a study to explore the medical device adverse eflects in type A, B and C hospitals in four provinces (North Sumatera, DKI Jakarta, West and East Java),including psychiatric, Haji and district hospitals which were selected purposively, was carried out in 2006. Data were collected by interview using questionnaire and focus group discussion as well as direct observation. Study results show that in general the number and kind of medical devices depend on the hospital type and status. Hospital of the A type had more medical devices than type B and C hospitals. Psychiatric hospitals had just several risky medical devices, whereas educational hospitals had many more medical devices. Several adverse effects that were found and ever happened concerning the use of risky medical devices are among others the skin inflammation caused by overdoses in thermodermal therapy, renal inflammation and hematoma following the ultrasonic destruction of renal stone, depigmentation of CT scan operator facial skin and symptoms of anemia in radioisotope and X -ray operator.
Kajian Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Tentang Pemberian Informasi Obat dan Obat Tradisonal di Indonesia Supardi, Sudibyo; Handayani, Rini Sasanti; Herman, M. J.; Raharni, Raharni; Susyanty, Andi Leny
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 2, NOMOR 1, FEBRUARI 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/jki.v2i1.3739

Abstract

Lack of information or inappopriate of information on medicine and traditional medicine caused unsuitable utilization of them. The objective of this study was analyzing the regulation of the medicine and traditional medicines information announcement and the implementation of the relevant institutions as well, even in the central, provincial and district level. Cross sectional study with qualitative approach due to the regulation of medicine and traditional medicine information announcement, as well as the related institutions. The study carried out at 2009, in Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Denpasar, Medan and Banjarmasin. The samples ofthis study were pharmacists as officers on The National Agency of Drug and Food Control (Badan POM), Provincial Health Offices, District Health Oflices, pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, pharmacies, and other relevant institutions. Data collecting has been conducted by depth interviews, focus group discussions, while the secondary data has been collected by multiplies of the document needed. Descriptive and qualitative analyzed the data, and final results completed by round table discussion. NADF C announce the information of medicine and traditional medicine to the community and pharmaceutical companies. Provincial Health Office and District Health Ojfice announce the information to the community by socialization, and announce directly to the patients in Primary Health Care, While the pharmaceutical companies provide their own products information. Besides, the hospitals and pharmacies provide the medicine information to the patients; Announcing the information to the community by the government has not been optimal yet to compensate traditional medicine advertizing, since the advertizing services to the community has not been used eflectively; The Indonesian Consumer Organization is one of the institution that participate in announcing information to the community. Besides, the pharmaceutical colleges and pharmacies has also provide information to the community.