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REKONSTRUKSI IJTIHĀD DALAM ILMU UṢŪL AL-FIQH Rokhmadi, Rokhmadi
AL-AHKAM Volume 22, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012
Publisher : AL-AHKAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (60.419 KB)

Abstract

Al-Qur’an maupun sunnah sangat membutuhkan pemahaman dan penggalian secara optimal agar isi kandungan hukumnya dapat diterapkan bagi kemaslahatan umat. Cara untuk menggali dan mengeluarkan isi kandungan yang ada dalam kedua sumber tersebut dinamakan ijtihād. Ijtihad sangat dibutuhkan pada setiap istinbāṭ hukum dari dalil nash, sekalipun dalil nash tersebut bersifat qaṭī yang oleh para uṣūliyyūn sudah disepakati tidak menjadi wilayah untuk dijitihadi lagi. Permasalahannya adalah bahwa sesuatu dalil nash yang sudah bersifat qaṭī sekalipun oleh sebagian besar uṣūliyyūn, belum tentu dipandang qaṭī oleh sebagian uṣūliyyūn yang lain. Rekonstruksi ijtihad menjadi sebuah alternatif, dengan beberapa pertimbangan: Pertama, berat dan ketatnya persyaratan-persyaratan menjadi seorang mujtahid, yang hampir tidak mungkin dikuasai oleh seseorang pada masa sekarang; Kedua, semakin kompleksnya permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh ummat yang sangat mendesak untuk mendapatkan solusi; Ketiga, membiarkan satu periode tanpa ijtihad (kevakuman mujtahid) adalah bertentangan dengan prinsip dasar hukum Islam yang selalu sāliḥ li kulli zamān wa makān. Tulisan ini hadir untuk mendiskusikan lebih jauh tentang urgensi rekonstruksi ijtihad dalam menghadapi tantangan modernitas.***Al-Quran and sunnah, needs of understanding and extracting optimally, so that the contents of law can be applied for the benefit of people. The way- to understand and to extract the contents in these two sources- called ijtihād. Thus, ijtihad is needed on istinbāṭ of law from many arguments of the texts (nash), eventhough it is qathiy in which the uṣūliyyūn have agreed that it is not the area for re-extracting to the law (ijtihadiyah). The problem in this case is that even a qaṭ’ī argument according to the most of uṣūliyyūn has not been qaṭ’ī argument in the other uṣūliyyūn opinion. Reconstruction of ijtihad becomes an alternative, with some considerations: First, weight and tightening the requirements to become a mujtahid, which is almost impossible controlled by someone at the present time; Second, the increasing complexity of the problems faced by the ummat which is very urgent to get the solution; Third, let the period without ijtihād (vacuum of mujtahid) is contrary to the basic principles of Islamic law are always sāliḥ li kulli zamān wa makān. This paper present to discuss further about the urgency of the reconstruction of ijtihad in the challenge of modernity.***Keywords: ijtihād, qaṭī, ẓannī, uṣūl al-fiqh
REKONSTRUKSI IJTIHĀD DALAM ILMU UṢŪL AL-FIQH Rokhmadi, Rokhmadi
Al-Ahkam Volume 22, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (285.038 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2012.22.2.9

Abstract

Al-Qur’an and Sunnah, needs of understanding and extracting optimally, so that the contents of law can be applied for the benefit of people. The way- to understand and to extract the contents in these two sources- called ijtihād. Thus, ijtihād is needed on istinbāṭ of law from many arguments of the texts (naṣ), eventhough it is qaṭ’ī in which the uṣūliyyūn have agreed that it is not the area for re-extracting to the law (ijtihādiyyah). The problem in this case is that even a qaṭ’ī argument according to the most of uṣūliyyūn has not been qaṭ’ī argument in the other uṣūliyyūn opinion. Reconstruction of ijtihād becomes an alternative, with some considerations: First, weight and tightening the requirements to become a mujtahid, which is almost impossible controlled by someone at the present time; Second, the increasing complexity of the problems faced by the ummat which is very urgent to get the solution; Third, let the period without ijtihād (vacuum of mujtahid) is contrary to the basic principles of Islamic law are always sāliḥ li kulli zamān wa makān. This paper present to discuss further about the urgency of the reconstruction of ijtihād in the challenge of modernity.***Al-Qur’an maupun sunnah sangat membutuhkan pemahaman dan penggalian secara optimal agar isi kandungan hukumnya dapat diterapkan bagi kemaslahatan umat. Cara untuk menggali dan mengeluarkan isi kandungan yang ada dalam kedua sumber tersebut dinamakan ijtihād. Ijtihād sangat dibutuhkan pada setiap istinbāṭ hukum dari dalil naṣ, sekalipun dalil naṣ tersebut bersifat qaṭ'ī yang oleh para uṣūliyyūn sudah di­sepakati tidak menjadi wilayah untuk dijitihadi lagi. Permasalahannya adalah bahwa sesuatu dalil naṣ yang sudah bersifat qaṭ'ī sekalipun oleh sebagian besar uṣūliyyūn, belum tentu dipandang qaṭ'ī oleh sebagian uṣūliyyūn yang lain. Rekonstruksi ijtihād menjadi se­buah alternatif, dengan beberapa pertimbangan: Pertama, berat dan ketatnya persyaratan-persyaratan menjadi seorang mujtahid, yang hampir tidak mungkin di­kuasai oleh seseorang pada masa sekarang; Kedua, semakin kompleksnya per­masalah­an yang dihadapi oleh ummat yang sangat mendesak untuk mendapatkan solusi; Ketiga, membiarkan satu periode tanpa ijtihād (kevakuman mujtahid) adalah bertentangan dengan prinsip dasar hukum Islam yang selalu sāliḥ li kulli zamān wa makān. Tulisan ini hadir untuk mendiskusikan lebih jauh tentang urgensi rekonstruksi ijtihād dalam menghadapi tantangan modernitas.***Keywords: ijtihād, qaṭ'ī, ẓannī, uṣūl al-fiqh
STATUS ANAK DI LUAR PERKAWINAN PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NO. 46/PUU -VIII/2010 Rokhmadi, Rokhmadi
Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender Vol 11, No 1 (2015): Oktober 2015
Publisher : Pusat Studi gender dan Anak (PSGA) Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (333.779 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/sa.v11i1.1444

Abstract

Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 ter­tanggal 17 Februari 2012 mengenai anak di luar perkawinan men­dapat pengakuan hukum perdatanya kepada bapak biologisnya, dan dalam diktumnya me-review ketentuan pasal 43 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Perkawinan Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 menjadi “Anak yang dilahir­kan di luar perkawinan mempunyai hubungan perdata dengan ibunya dan keluarga ibunya serta dengan laki-laki sebagi ayahnya yang dapat dibuktikan berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dan/atau bukti lain menurut hukum mempunyai hubungan darah, termasuk hubungan perdata dengan keluarga ayahnya”. Maka UU Perkawinan No. 1 Tahun 1974 mengalami perubahan yang sangat signifikan, khusus­­­­­­nya pasal 43 ayat (1), karena UUP belum di­amandemen, se­hing­ga meresahkan masyarakat. Padahal Putusan MK adalah suatu putusan final yang berkaitan dengan uji materiil UUP, khususnya pasal 43 ayat (1). Oleh karena itu, Putusan MK ini berlaku sebagai undang-undang, sehingga substansinya berlaku general, tidak individual dan tidak kasuistik. Putusan MK menjadi norma hukum yang berlaku untuk seluruh warga negara Indonesia tentang hubung­an hukum antara anak dengan kedua orang tuanya beserta segala konsekuensi­nya, baik anak itu yang dilahirkan dalam ikatan perkawinan maupun di luar ikatan perkawinan yang sah.
PENETAPAN ‘ADAM WALI NIKAH OLEH PEJABAT KUA DI KOTA SEMARANG Rokhmadi, Rokhmadi
Al-Ahkam Volume 26, Nomor 2, Oktober 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (235.607 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2016.26.2.992

Abstract

This article is result of the study that describes the determination concept of adam wali nikah by officials of the Religious Affairs Office (KUA) in Semarang, on marriage guardian of an ineligible woman, that because of the bride’s birth is less than six months from her parents’ marriage. Having determined adam marriage guardians’ status, then KUA establishes that the marriage guardian is delegated to KUA officials in each region of Semarang. As for the basis used by those who determine the delegation for the reason of deficient condition of marriage guardians for a female to the KUA is the use of the legal basis contained in adam marriage guardians’ determination in the letter of Director General Guidance and Pilgrimage Affairs Number: D/ED/PW.01/03/1992, in which its position is under the Marriage Legislation No. 1 of 1974 and the Islamic Law Compilation (KHI).
HUKUMAN PEMBUNUHAN DALAM HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM DI ERA MODERN Rokhmadi, Rokhmadi
At-Taqaddum Volume 8, Nomor 2, November 2016
Publisher : Quality Assurance Institute (LPM) State Islamic University Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1117.963 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/at.v8i2.1169

Abstract

Murder in the Islamic criminal law including jarimah qishas-diyat, namely jarimah punishable by qishas (punishment commensurate/proportional) or punishment diyat (fines/restitution), the specified limits his sentence, but is categorized as a right adami (human/individual), in which the victim or his family can forgive the perpetrators, so that the penalty (qishas-diyat) can remove altogether, because in qishas no entitlements for victims' families to act as "institutions forgiving", they can ask for their right to forgive or not forgive the criminal act. According to scholars' Salaf that the policy of punishment given is based on the viewpoint of the habit of Arab society that never applies to the Muslim community early, namely regarding who is authorized to determine the wisdom qishas or of diyat is heavily influenced by the practice habits of Arab society in the 7th century M, both about social status, as well as the local culture, the sunnah and the practice run early Muslims who provide input or benchmarks in detail the principles prinsp Islamic criminal law (jinayat), so that in determining the sentence still is discrimination, whether social status, gender and religion. Therefore, in the modern era according to scholars' khalaf that sentencing for murder should be equated between the murder of men with women, killing of Muslims by non-Muslims, the murder of a father with his son, should remain punishable qishas and diyat amount laki- men with diyat amount for women should be equal, so that the position of human beings are equal before the law (there is no discrimination; social status, gender and religion.
HUKUMAN RAJAM BAGI PELAKU ZINA MUHSHAN DALAM HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM Rokhmadi, Rokhmadi
At-Taqaddum Volume 7, Nomor 2, November 2015
Publisher : Quality Assurance Institute (LPM) State Islamic University Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1016.808 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/at.v7i2.1209

Abstract

Hukuman rajam adalah hukuman mati dengan cara dilempari batu atau sejenisnya sampai mati. Keberadaan hukuman rajam dalam ketentuan hukum pidana Islam ini merupakan hukuman yang telah diterima oleh hampir semua fuqaha, kecuali kelompok Azariqah dari golongan Khawarij. Menurut mereka hukuman untuk  jarimah zina, baik muhshan maupun ghairu muhshan adalah hukuman jilid seratus kali berdasarkan firman Allah dalam QS. al-Nur: 2, sehingga mereka tidak menerapkan hukuman rajam bagi pelaku zina muhshan. Sedangkan fuqaha? yang menyepakati hukuman rajam bagi pelaku zina muhshan berpendapat bahwa hadits shahih yang berkenaan dengan hukuman rajam dapat mentakhsis QS. al-Nur: 2 tersebut di atas.Hasil penelitian ini adalah jika dilihat dari setting historis, maka penetapan hukuman rajam bagi pelaku zina muhshan itu didasarkan kepada hadits Nabi, baik secara qauliyah maupun fi?liyah. Akan tetapi, ada kesulitan dalam membedakan antara status teks sunnah mengenai apakah teks sunnah tersebut menjelaskan wahyu atau tidak. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hukuman rajam dalam hukum pidana Islam itu bukan berasal dari syari?at Islam itu sendiri semata-mata, tetapi yang pasti bahwa hukuman rajam adalah berdasarkan nash atau ajaran agama sebelumnya, yaitu nash dalam Kitab Taurat. Hal ini dapat dilacak dari dasar normatif yaitu hadits-hadits Nabi yang mengacu kepada penerapan hukuman rajam bagi pelaku zina muhshan. Setidaknya Rasulullah saw., telah empat kali melaksanakan atau minimal memberitahukan pelaksanaan hukuman rajam bagi pelaku zina muhshan.
PENGARUH JENIS PEKERJAAN DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP PERCERAIAN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA SEMARANG TAHUN 2015 Rokhmadi, Rokhmadi
At-Taqaddum Volume 10, Nomor 2, Tahun 2018
Publisher : Quality Assurance Institute (LPM) State Islamic University Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (881.252 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/at.v10i2.2985

Abstract

This research tries to know the influence of work type and level of education to divorce in Religious Court of Semarang Year 2015. This type of research is field research that is quantitative and qualitative in nature. The quantitative approach, which is to find out the relationship and differences in the variables influence the type of work, and the level of education to the occurrence of divorce in the Semarang Religious Court in 2015. While the qualitative data approach is used as an analysis material from quantitative results. The result of first hypothesis in this research is accepted that society having background of work type non-state civil apparatus will tend to easier to divorce, while people with a background of the type of work as state civil apparatus servants tend to be better able to control themselves from divorce, because the variables not in the equation score 6.512 with a significance level of 0.011 smaller than 0.05 (0.011 <0.05). The second hypothesis is accepted that people with with elementary and secondary will tend to be easier to divorce, while those with higher education will tend to be better able to control themselves from divorce because the variables not in the equation score of 5,738 with significance level of 0.017 less than 0.05 (0.017 <0.05); and the third hypothesis is also accepted that people with background of non-state civil apparatus and elementary and secondary will tend to be easier to divorce, whereas people with background types of work as State civil apparatus and higher education will tend to be more able to control themselves from divorce, because the variables not in the equation scores are 10.861 with a significance level of 0.004 smaller than 0.05 (0.004 <0.05).
STATUS ANAK DI LUAR PERKAWINAN PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NO. 46/PUU -VIII/2010 Rokhmadi, Rokhmadi
Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender Vol 11, No 1 (2015): Oktober 2015
Publisher : Pusat Studi gender dan Anak (PSGA) Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (333.779 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/sa.v11i1.1444

Abstract

Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 ter­tanggal 17 Februari 2012 mengenai anak di luar perkawinan men­dapat pengakuan hukum perdatanya kepada bapak biologisnya, dan dalam diktumnya me-review ketentuan pasal 43 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Perkawinan Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 menjadi “Anak yang dilahir­kan di luar perkawinan mempunyai hubungan perdata dengan ibunya dan keluarga ibunya serta dengan laki-laki sebagi ayahnya yang dapat dibuktikan berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dan/atau bukti lain menurut hukum mempunyai hubungan darah, termasuk hubungan perdata dengan keluarga ayahnya”. Maka UU Perkawinan No. 1 Tahun 1974 mengalami perubahan yang sangat signifikan, khusus­­­­­­nya pasal 43 ayat (1), karena UUP belum di­amandemen, se­hing­ga meresahkan masyarakat. Padahal Putusan MK adalah suatu putusan final yang berkaitan dengan uji materiil UUP, khususnya pasal 43 ayat (1). Oleh karena itu, Putusan MK ini berlaku sebagai undang-undang, sehingga substansinya berlaku general, tidak individual dan tidak kasuistik. Putusan MK menjadi norma hukum yang berlaku untuk seluruh warga negara Indonesia tentang hubung­an hukum antara anak dengan kedua orang tuanya beserta segala konsekuensi­nya, baik anak itu yang dilahirkan dalam ikatan perkawinan maupun di luar ikatan perkawinan yang sah.
Pragmatism of Polygamous Family In Muslim Society: Beyond Islamic Law Sam'ani, Sam'ani; Rokhmadi, Rokhmadi; Amin, Nasihun; Zaini, Ahmad; Sarib, Suprijati
Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam Vol 7, No 1 (2023): Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam
Publisher : Islamic Family Law Department, Sharia and Law Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.15874

Abstract

Pragmatism has become a common motive in polygamous marriages, despite ignoring the principles of Islamic law. Issues ranging from unfair treatment and dishonest attitudes towards wives to the rejection of polygamous pregnant wives have colored the attitudes of pragmatic polygamous life. This article reveals pragmatic motives that become the reasons why a woman is willing to be istri selir-sirri (concubine) in polygamy. This research uses a qualitative approach in which data was collected from observation, interviews, and library studies. The findings of this study suggest that pragmatic motives exist in polygamies, such as the husband's economic stability accompanied by lust satisfaction, the woman's needs for social-economic improvement, and the need for comfort and security. The lack of power among women in relation to men of high social and economic status causes them to agree to be the second wife (selir) despite the sirri marriage status, which is officially unregistered and sometimes unknown even to their own family. As the article sees only the pragmatic sides of polygamy, it still needs further development.
Assessing the Impact of Qonun Aceh No. 11 of 2018 Concerning Sharia Financial Institutions: Dynamics of Sharia Banking Financial Performance in Aceh Province Purwanto, Purwanto; Dasuki, Ali Ibrahim; Rokhmadi, Rokhmadi; Sam’ani, Sam’ani
Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah dan Hukum Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22515/alahkam.v10i1.11037

Abstract

Qanun Aceh No. 11 of 2018 mandates that all financial institutions transition to Sharia financial systems. The enactment of this Qanun has led to shifts in market dynamics and increased public trust in Sharia financial institutions. Consequently, this study aims to examine the impact of Qanun Aceh No. 11 of 2018 on the financial performance of Sharia banking in Aceh Province. The research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing secondary data published by the Financial Services Authority. The data pertains to key financial performance indicators of Sharia banking, including assets, financing, and third-party funds, both before and after the implementation of Qanun Aceh No. 11 of 2018. The data is analysed using paired sample t-tests. This research shows that the enactment of Qanun Aceh no. 11 of 2018 is the expected consequence of the existence of a Sharia banking monopoly in the region. This research shows that the enactment of Qanun Aceh no. 11 of 2018 is the expected consequence of the existence of a Sharia banking monopoly in the region. This policy forces all customers, whether individuals, businesses, corporations, or local government funds, to move their accounts from conventional banks to Sharia banks. Thus, the increase in Sharia banking assets and funds is more the result of the relocation of funds previously in conventional banks, not solely due to an increase in public preference for the Sharia financial systems. This finding highlights that the Qanun has enhanced public participation and trust in Sharia banking. The study provides crucial insights into the role of regulations in fostering the development of Sharia banking.