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Permasalahan dan Strategi Pembangunan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan Studi Kasus: Cekungan Bandung Wangsaatmaja, Setiawan; Sabar, Arwin; Prasetiati, Maria Angela
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no3.20065Environmental problems occurring in the Bandung Basin are resulted from improper management pertaining to land and spatial planning, including landuse policy and control. Arising environmental problems are covering disturbance of watershed hydrological function, surface and groundwater quality and quantity, solid waste, and air quality. Environmental studies in the Bandung Basin have been implemented by landuse change interpretation, surface water regime measurements, water quality, solid waste management, and air quality. Landuse change has occurred where some vegetation areas, such as forests and paddy fi elds, have decreased for 54% in one hand, and developed area has increased into 223% in the other hand. Watershed degradation is indicated by run off coeffi cient increasing from 0.3 in 1950 to 0.55 in 1998. Flow regime has also changed by presence of a maximum extreme discharge increasing tendency from 217.9 m3/sec in 1951 to 285.8 m3/sec in 1998, and minimum extreme discharge decreasing tendency from 6.35 m3/sec in 1951 to 5.7 m3/sec in 1998. Groundwater productivity index continued decreasing from 0.1 million m3/unit in 1900 to 0.0188 million m3/unit in 2002. Environmental problem has also occurred in a solid waste management sector where an average level of service is only 43.7%, and air pollution by motor vehicle and industrial emission, such as PM10, NOx, CO2, SO2, Pb, and acid rain phenomena have also occurred. Fresh water supply level of service in the Bandung Basin only covers 43% of the total needs. Watershed degradation occurring in the Basin needs a management system recovery, administrative based-management that shifted to ecological based integrated watershed management. Effort and strategy required include the policy and institutional reassembling, pollution control, land rehabilitation and conservation, and community empowerment. Â

Management Optimization of Saguling Reservoir with Bellman Dynamic Programming and âDu Couloirâ Iterative Method Marselina, Mariana; Sabar, Arwin; Salami, Indah R S; Marganingrum, Dyah
Forum Geografi Vol 30, No 1 (2016): July 2016
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

The increasingly growth of population and industry sector have lead to an enhanced demand for electrical energy. One of the electricity providers in the area of Java-Madura Bali (Jamali) is Saguling Reservoir. Saguling Reservoir is one of the three reservoirs that stem the flow of Citarum River in advance of to Jatiluhur and Cirata Reservoir. The average electricity production of Saguling Reservoir was 2,334,318.138 MWh/year in the period of 1986-2014. The water intake of Saguling Reservoir is the upstream Citarum Watershed with an area of 2340.88 km2 which also serves as the irrigation, inland fisheries, recreation, and other activities. An effort to improve the function of Saguling Reservoir in producing electrical energy is by optimizing the reservoir management. The optimization of Saguling Reservoir management in this study refers to Government Regulation No. 37/2010 on Dam/Reservoir Article 44 which states that the system of reservoir management consisting of the operation system in dry years, normal years, and wet years. In this research, the determination of the trajectory guideline in Saguling operation was divided in dry, normal and wet years. Trajectory guideline was conducted based on the electricity price of turbine inflow that various in every month. The determination of the trajectory guideline in various electricity price was done by using Program Dynamic Bellman (PD Bellman) and âDu Couloirâ iterative method which the objective to optimize the gain from electricity production. and âDu Couloirâ iterative method was development of PD Bellman that can calculate the value of gain with a smaller discretization until 0,1 juta m3 effectively where PD Bellman just calculate until 10 million m3. Â Smaller discretization can give maximum benefit from electricity production and the trajectory guideline will be closer to trajectory actual so optimization of Saguling operation will be achieved.

Model Penerapan Drainase Berwawasan Lingkungan Skala Individu di Lahan Permukiman Kawasan Bandung Utara Pradiko, Hary; Sabar, Arwin; Soewondo, Prayatni; Suryadi, Yadi; Jatikusuma, Indragiri
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 24, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

AbstrakPerubahan luas lahan terbangun dapat mempengaruhi ekstremitas debit air yang menimbulkan ancaman banjir dan kekeringan di wilayah hilir Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS). Penanganan limpasan air hujan dengan drainase lingkungan sudah diterapkan. Akan tetapi lahan permukiman di perkotaan sangat terbatas, sehingga membutuhkan solusi pengendalian dari limpasan air hujan yang efektif dan efisien. Teknik peresapan air yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah penerapan sumur resapan dalam suatu persil permukiman di Kawasan Konservasi Bandung Utara untuk mendapatkan model penerapan sumur resapan yang efektif untuk penerapan konsep zero runoff. Metode perhitungan yang digunakan adalah metode rasional untuk limpasan permukaan dan Metode Sunjoto untuk peresapan air. Lokasi penelitian adalah suatu persil di kawasan permukiman Bandung Utara. Hasil perhitungan limpasan pada periode ulang hujan 20 tahun drain 1 sebesar 0,0182 m3/det dan drain 2-3 sebesar 0,0104 m3/det. Dibuat sumur resapan A berdiameter 0,8 m dan kedalaman 15 m berkemampuan resap 0,0244 m3/dt untuk meresapkan limpasan drain 1 dan sumur resapan B berdiameter 1,2 m dan kedalaman 10 m berkemampuan resap 0,0181 m3/dt untuk meresapkan limpasan drain 2-3. Sumur resapan yang dibuat dapat menampung limpasan air hujan pada periode ulang hujan 20 tahun, sehingga konsep zero runoff dapat diterapkan di persil-persil lain yang ada di Kawasan Bandung Utara.Abstract The increasing of land use can affect an extreme waterflow posed a threat of flooding and drought in downstream watershed. Handling runoff using the drainage system has been implemented. But the urban settlement land is very limits, so its necessary to control runoff effectively and efficiently. The objective of this research is to apply zero runoff concept using infiltration wells in a small part of settlement in North Bandung. The used methods are a rational method and Sunjoto method. The research location is a part of settlement area in North Bandung. The results show that on 20-year rainfall return period, the runoff from drain 1 is about 0.0182 m3/s and from drain 2-3 is about 0.0104 m3/s. The first infiltration wells (A) (diameter of 0.8 m and a depth of 15 m) can infiltrate 0.0244 m3/s to absorb from drain 1 and the second one (B) (diameter of 1.2 m and a depth of 10 m) can infiltrate 0.0181 m3/s to absorb from drain 2-3. The infiltration wells can accommodate runoff in the 20-year rainfall return period, so the zero runoff concept can be applied in other settlement parts that exist in North Bandung area.

Pengaruh Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan terhadap Rezim Hidrologi DAS (Studi Kasus : DAS Komering) Permatasari, Rosmalinda; Sabar, Arwin; Natakusumah, Dantje Kardana
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 24, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstrak Daerah tangkapan sungai Komering Hulu memberi kontribusi nyata terhadap daerah aliran sungai Komering Sumatera Selatan. Perubahan penggunaan lahan memberi dampak pada pengurangan kapasitas resapan, akibatnya terjadi ekstrimitas debit seperti banjir dan kekeringan wilayah hilir sungai. Adaptasi dan mitigasi terhadap perubahan penggunaan lahan merupakan upaya untuk mengantissipasi terjadinya kerusakan fungsi hidrologi daerah aliran sungai. Tujuan penulisan adalah mengevaluasi perubahan penggunaan lahan di DAS Hulu terhadap hidrologi daerah aliran sungai. Terjadi perubahan debit rencana 5 tahun kering 126,38 m3/det menjadi 135,88 m3/det (1971-1991 dan 1992-2010). Kenaikan penggunaan lahan terbesar untuk lahan sawah pertanian, tegalan dan kebun sebesar 80,516% yang mengurangi luas hutan menjadi 28%. Perubahan tutupan lahan terutama hutan mengindikasikan kemampuan DAS Komering Hulu untuk menyimpan air. Nilai koefesien limpasan c = 0,399 dan nilai base flow 43,262 didapat trend kenaikkan nilai c dan penurunan nilai b sepanjang tahun 1971-2010. Berdasarkan peta sebaran erosi tahun 1980 dan 2005 menggambarkan DAS Komering Hulu termasuk klasifikasi erosi berat.Abstract Upper Komering catchment areas has contribute substantially to Komering basin , South Sumatera. Land use changing has an impact on reducing the infiltration capacity, lead to extremely flow such as floods and droughts in downstream. Adaptation and mitigation to land use changes is an attempt to anticipate malfunctions watershed hydrology. The purpose of writing is to evaluate land use changing affecting hydrology regime at the watershed. The analysis showed land use changing in several period. There is a changing of design discharge from 126.38 m3 / sec to 135.88 m3 / sec (1971-1991 and 1992-2010). The increase in the use of land for farming paddy fields, moors and yields is 80.516%, which reduces the forest area to 28%. Land cover changing especially forest can be as indicator the capacity of watershed retaining water. Runoff coefficient c = 0.399 and base flow values is 43.262 obtained a trend increase in the value of c and b values decrease during 1971-2010. Based on the distribution maps of erosion in 1980 and 2005 represent Upper Komering watershed including poor classification.

Model Prakiraan Debit Air dalam Rangka Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Waduk Saguling â Kaskade Citarum Marselina, Mariana; Sabar, Arwin; Salami, Indah Rachmatiah Siti; Marganingrum, Dyah
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 24, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstrak Peningkatan laju pertumbuhan penduduk dan industri mendorong peningkatan kebutuhan air baku dan energi listrik. Salah satu penyedia kebutuhan energi listrik di wilayah Jawa, Madura, Bali adalah Waduk Saguling. Asupan air bagi Waduk Saguling adalah Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Citarum Hulu dengan luas daerah tangkapan sebesar 2.340,88 km2. Waduk Saguling juga merupakan salah satu waduk yang membentuk waduk kaskade Citarum yang terdiri dari Waduk Saguling, Cirata, dan Jatiluhur. Data debit aliran mempunyai peranan penting dalam pengelolaan dan pengembangan sumberdaya air suatu DAS. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan perbandingan model bangkitan debit inflow Waduk Saguling menggunakan metode korelasi spasial (hujan dan debit) atau metode kontinu serta dengan metode diskrit Markov yang menggunakan prinsip model stokastik Markov 3 kelas. Data debit inflow Waduk Saguling yang digunakan adalah data debit dari tahun 1986-2013. Pada metode korelasi spasial diperoleh kombinasi tipe PPPQt-1 memiliki nilai korelasi sebesar 0,86 sedangkan untuk metode diskrit Markov diperoleh nilai korelasi sebesar 0,804. Dalam rangka optimasi pengelolaan waduk ditemukan bahwa pengelolaan waduk dengan model kontinu memberikan nilai korelasi lebih tinggi antara lintasan pedoman dan lintasan aktual di Waduk Saguling yakni sebesar 0,940 jika dibandingkan dengan metode diskrit Markov yang memberikan korelasi antara lintasan pedoman dan lintasan aktual Waduk Saguling sebesar 0,852.Asbtract Enhancement of population and industry have lead to an enhancement demand for raw water and electrical energy. One of the electricity provider in Java-Madura-Bali is Saguling Reservoir. The water intake of Saguling is upstream Citarum watershed with an area of 2340.88 km2. Saguling is also one of the reservoirs that form Citarum Cascade consisting of Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur. Data of reservoir discharge has an important role in the management of water resources. Discharge forecasting approach taken in this research was the spatial correlation method (rainfall and discharge) and discrete Markov method that used the principle of stochastic Markov model of 3 classes. Saguling inflow discharge that used in this research was data from 1986 to 2013. In the spatial correlation method, combination type of PPPQt obtained a correlation value of 0.86 while for discrete Markov method obtained the correlation value of 0.804. In order to optimization of reservoir management, this research found that the reservoir management with continuous model provides a higher correlation values between the actual trajectory and the guidelines trajectory in Saguling which amounted to 0,940 compared to discrete Markov method that provides a correlation between the actual trajectory and the trajectory guidelines Saguling at 0.852.

Analisis Volume Sedimen yang Mengendap Setelah T-Tahun Waduk Beroperasi (Studi Kasus: Waduk Cirata) Tatipata, Welstien Herma; Soekarno, Indratmo; Sabar, Arwin; Legowo, Sri
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 22, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstrak. Indonesia mempunyai dua musim dalam satu tahun yaitu musim hujan dan musim kemarau, Agar persediaan air dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal baik di musim penghujan maupun di musim kemarau, dilakukan sistem pengoperasian waduk, Waduk dapat juga dimanfaatkan untuk pengairan, pembangkit tenaga listrik, pariwisata, pengendali sungai dan banjir, Dalam melestarikan waduk, masalah erosi dan sedimentasi yang akan memenuhinya, dikhawatirkan tidak akan mencapai umur waduk yang direncanakan.Penelitian dilakukan di Waduk Cirata yang berada pada dalam Wilayah Sungai Citarum, Provinsi Jawa Barat yang meliputi sebagian dari tiga wilayah kabupaten yaitu Kabupaten Bandung, Purwakarta dan Cianjur. Metode pengumpulan data meliputi data Primer dan data sekunder yang dikumpulkan dari PT Pembangkitan Jawa Bali Badan Pengelola Waduk Cirata Cirata, Hasil Kesimpulan adalah dengan masuknya sedimentasi ke dalam waduk akan mengakibatkan pengendapan dan pendangkalan yang akan mempengaruhi kapasitas tampung waduk juga semakin lama waduk beroperasi, maka semakin banyak sedimen yang mengendap didalam waduk, perbandingan antara volume sedimen yang mengendap setelah 10 tahun dan setelah 200 tahun adalah 10215287,18 m3 dan 193953499,6 m3, setelah menganalisis volume sedimen yang mengendap setelah T-tahun pada waduk yang beroperasi maka akan dipikirkan rencana umur wadukselanjutnya.Abstract. Indonesia has two seasons of the year: the rainy season and the dry season, So that the water supply can be optimally used both in the rainy season and dry season, made the operating system of reservoirs. Reservoirs can also be used for irrigation, power generation, tourism, controllers rivers and floods, in preserving the reservoir, the problem of erosion and sedimentation will comply, it is feared will not reach the age of the planned reservoir. The study was conducted in Cirata located on the CRB, West Java Province that covers most of the three districts namely Regency Bandung, Purwakarta and Cianjur. Methods of data collection includes data Primary and secondary data collected from PT Generation Java Bali Cirata Cirata Basin Management Board, Results The conclusion is by the entry of sediment into the reservoir will result in sedimentation and silting that would affect the capacities of reservoirs also the longer the dam operates, the more sediment that settles in the reservoir, the ratio between the volume of sediment that settles after 10 years and after 200 years was 10215287,18 m3 and 193953499,6 m3, after analyzing the volume of sediment that settles after T years at the reservoir operating plan will be considered next dam age.

Rainfall Variability and Landuse Conversion Impacts to Sensitivity of Citarum River Flow Marganingrum, Dyah; Sabar, Arwin; Roosmini, Dwina; Pradono, P
Forum Geografi Vol 27, No 1 (2013): July 2013
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v27i1.5074

The objective of this study is to determine the sensitivity of Citarum river flow to climate change and land conversion. It will provide the flow information that required in the water resources sustainability. Saguling reservoir is one of the strategic reservoirs, which 75% water is coming from the inflow of Upper Citarum measured at Nanjung station. Climate variability was identified as rainfall variability. Sensitivity was calculated as the elasticity value of discharge using three-variate model of statistical approach. The landuse conversion was calculated used GIS at 1994 and 2004. The results showed that elasticity at the Nanjung station and Saguling station decreased from 1.59 and 1.02 to 0.68 and 0.62 respectively. The decreasing occurred in the before the dam was built period (1950-1980) to the after reservoirs operated period (1986-2008). This value indicates that: 1) Citarum river flow is more sensitive to rainfall variability that recorded at Nanjung station than Saguling station, 2) rainfall character is more difficult to predict. The landuse analysis shows that forest area decrease to Â± 27% and built up area increased to Â± 26%. Those implied a minimum rainfall reduction toÂ± 8% and minimum flow to Â± 46%. Those were caused by land conversion and describing that the vegetation have function to maintain the base flow for sustainable water resource infrastructure.

Management Optimization of Saguling Reservoir with Bellman Dynamic Programming and âDu Couloirâ Iterative Method Marselina, Mariana; Sabar, Arwin; Salami, Indah R S; Marganingrum, Dyah
Forum Geografi Vol 30, No 1 (2016): July 2016
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v30i1.1682

The increasingly growth of population and industry sector have lead to an enhanced demand for electrical energy. One of the electricity providers in the area of Java-Madura Bali (Jamali) is Saguling Reservoir. Saguling Reservoir is one of the three reservoirs that stem the flow of Citarum River in advance of to Jatiluhur and Cirata Reservoir. The average electricity production of Saguling Reservoir was 2,334,318.138 MWh/year in the period of 1986-2014. The water intake of Saguling Reservoir is the upstream Citarum Watershed with an area of 2340.88 km2 which also serves as the irrigation, inland fisheries, recreation, and other activities. An effort to improve the function of Saguling Reservoir in producing electrical energy is by optimizing the reservoir management. The optimization of Saguling Reservoir management in this study refers to Government Regulation No. 37/2010 on Dam/Reservoir Article 44 which states that the system of reservoir management consisting of the operation system in dry years, normal years, and wet years. In this research, the determination of the trajectory guideline in Saguling operation was divided in dry, normal and wet years. Trajectory guideline was conducted based on the electricity price of turbine inflow that various in every month. The determination of the trajectory guideline in various electricity price was done by using Program Dynamic Bellman (PD Bellman) and âDu Couloirâ iterative method which the objective to optimize the gain from electricity production. and âDu Couloirâ iterative method was development of PD Bellman that can calculate the value of gain with a smaller discretization until 0,1 juta m3 effectively where PD Bellman just calculate until 10 million m3. Â Smaller discretization can give maximum benefit from electricity production and the trajectory guideline will be closer to trajectory actual so optimization of Saguling operation will be achieved.

Kajian Keandalan Air Sungai Cisadane Memenuhi Laju Permintaan Air Baku PDAM Kota Bogor Arwin, Arwin; Mukmin, Yuniria
Journal of Regional and City Planning Vol 17, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : The ITB Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (556.168 KB)

The river Cisadane is the only potential raw water source to fulfil the demand rate of the Local Water Supply Enterprice (PDAM) Bogor of 1225 L/sec (2005). Due to the impact of population growth and city expansion, the need for raw water increases up to 2375 L/sec (2010). The rate of additional demand for raw water source to a total of 1200 L/sec (2010), such that an increase of 3 x 600 L/sec is needed at the Ciherang-Pondoh Intake. The existing Ciherang-Pondoh Intake was approved (SIPA) by the authority to increase tapping from 600 L/sec up to 1200 L/sec, and the World Bank approved a fast track project to increase the mentioned capacity. The Cisadane river debit as well as the extreme water debit (1969-1999) during the dry seasons are random variables. The reliability of the Cisadane river debit during the dry seasons was determined statistically, proceeded by a theoretical distribution test against the measured dry seasons data (Chow, 1964). A data array was made, then the goodness of fit of the data was tested to find the conformity between samples and the theoretical distribution function, which represent the actual debit phenomena (Normal Distribution, log-normal, Gumbel and log-pearson III). Further on, the reliabity curve of the Cisadane raw water source was constructed to assure supply to the PDAM, and fulfil the design criteria. In case that the river debit can not fulfil the demand for the multisector (domestic, irigation, and down stream industry) raw water source, then a further study need to be conducted to develop the Cisadane water source using a dam.Keywords: Rate of water demand, goodness-of-fit, reliability curve, Water-source Criteria

Prospek Kontribusi DAS Cikapundung Memenuhi Laju Permintaan Sumber Air Baku Metropolitan Bandung Sabar, Arwin
MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL Volume 14, Nomor 2, Edisi XXXV, JUNI 2006
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Diponegoro University

Among major problems occurring in urban development, the most critical issue is the limitation of water resources as raw water for drinking water supply, especially its existing quantity. The groundwater contribution to fulfil raw water requirements in metropolitan bandung is realatively decreasing, The Cikapundung River, is an alternative source for raw water, is being used as primary raw water for several decades in Bandung. Using statistical method, research has shown that the distribution of minimum flow of the three flow stations could not meet the total demand in dry months. Station Cigulung-Maribaya, Station Cikapundung-Maribaya, and Cikapundung-Gandok usually experienced an extreme dry condition in September. The minimum flows for those three stations for a 20 years repeating period are 0.226 m3/sec, 0.893 m3/sec and 0.336 m3/sec, respectively. The dam that has been constructed up stream of The Cikapundung River is expected to increase the capacity of Station Maribaya up to 0.608 m3/sec, which could then impact the total raw water supply for Pakar Water Treatment Plant. Concurrently, the construction of dam at Station Gandok is targeted to increase the raw water supply up to 0.604 m3/sec. Those means giving solution for migrating groundwater to surface water utilization.Keywords: daily minimum flow, monthly minimum flow, reservoirPermalink: http://www.ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/mkts/article/view/3944[How to cite: Sabar, A., 2006, ProspekÂ KontribusiÂ DAS CikapundungÂ Memenuhi LajuÂ Permintaan SumberÂ Air BakuÂ Metropolitan Bandung, Jurnal Media Komunikasi Teknik Sipil, Volume 14, Nomor 2, pp. 169-178]

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