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Biomarker as an Indicator of River Water Quality Degradation Roosmini, Dwina; Rachmatiah, Indah; Suharyanto, Suharyanto; Soedomo, Agus; Hadisantosa, Fajar
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 38, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (231.688 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.eng.sci.2006.38.2.3

Abstract

Generally physical and chemical methods are use in river water quality monitoring; currently biomarker is developed as alternative biomonitoring method. The aim of this study is to look at the probability using aquatic species in monitoring river water pollutants exposure. This study was done by using Hyposarcus pardalis as biomarker to analyze river water quality in Upstream Citarum River. Hyposarcus pardalis were taken along the river at five sampling point and look at the Cu and Zn concentration. Results from this study show that there was an indication that river water quality has been degrading along the river from upstream to downstream. Zn concentration in Hyposarcus pardalis were increasing as well as Cu concentration. The increase of Zn concentration in Hyposarcus pardalis indicating that the river was polluted by Zn. Secondary data and observation at sampling location shown that textile was the dominant industry which may contribute the Zn concentration in river as they received the effluent. Cu is use in metal coating process, as well as textile industry metal industries were identified at Majalaya, Bantar Panjang, Dayeuh Kolot and Katapang in Bandung-Indonesia. As a receiving water from many activities along the river, upstream Citarum River water quality become degrading as the increasing of heavy metal Zn and Cu concentration in Hyposarcus pardalis.
Rainfall Variability and Landuse Conversion Impacts to Sensitivity of Citarum River Flow Marganingrum, Dyah; Sabar, Arwin; Roosmini, Dwina; Pradono, P
Forum Geografi Vol 27, No 1 (2013): July 2013
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v27i1.5074

Abstract

The objective of this study is to determine the sensitivity of Citarum river flow to climate change and land conversion. It will provide the flow information that required in the water resources sustainability. Saguling reservoir is one of the strategic reservoirs, which 75% water is coming from the inflow of Upper Citarum measured at Nanjung station. Climate variability was identified as rainfall variability. Sensitivity was calculated as the elasticity value of discharge using three-variate model of statistical approach. The landuse conversion was calculated used GIS at 1994 and 2004. The results showed that elasticity at the Nanjung station and Saguling station decreased from 1.59 and 1.02 to 0.68 and 0.62 respectively. The decreasing occurred in the before the dam was built period (1950-1980) to the after reservoirs operated period (1986-2008). This value indicates that: 1) Citarum river flow is more sensitive to rainfall variability that recorded at Nanjung station than Saguling station, 2) rainfall character is more difficult to predict. The landuse analysis shows that forest area decrease to ± 27% and built up area increased to ± 26%. Those implied a minimum rainfall reduction to± 8% and minimum flow to ± 46%. Those were caused by land conversion and describing that the vegetation have function to maintain the base flow for sustainable water resource infrastructure.
Household Water Supply Strategies in Urban Bandung, Indonesia: Findings and Implications for Future Water Access Reporting Muntalif, Barti Setiani; Nastiti, Anindrya; Roosmini, Dwina; Sudradjat, Arief; Meijerink, Sander V.; Smits, Antoine J.M.
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 49, No 6 (2017)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (928.052 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2017.49.6.8

Abstract

Through structured interviews and statistical analyses, this study investigated access to water and strategies of 1227 vulnerable households in Bandung, Indonesia. The use of mixed water sources, household water treatment, and home storage suggest low trust in improved sources, and compromised safety and reliability of water. While official statistics suggest a high level of access to improved water sources, full-time access to such sources is overestimated. Integration of user behavior into the new monitoring approach for the water supply sector in the post-2015 development framework is proposed.
ANALISIS TOKSISITAS AKUT EFLUEN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI DI KOTA CIMAHI Womsiwor, Intan Iriani; Roosmini, Dwina
Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol 15, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (388.821 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/jtl.2009.15.1.4

Abstract

Abstrak: Pengukuran toksisitas efluen Insatalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) merupakan hal yang penting dilakukan sebagai usaha untuk menjaga kualitas badan air permukaan. Pada pengukuran toksisitas dapat diketahui respon gabungan dari unsur atau senyawa yang ada dalam efluen. Daphnia sp dan Moina sp adalah organisme yang biasa dipakai dalam uji toksisitas. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah penentuan toksisitas (LC50) efluen IPAL industri Cat, Farmasi, Pelapisan Logam, Penyamakan Kulit, dan Tekstil, serta Kegiatan Rumah Sakit di Kota Cimahi serta membandingkan Daphnia sp dan Moina sp sebagai organisme uji dalam uji toksisitas efluen. Uji toksisitas akut pada efluen IPAL, mendapatkan hasil yang bervariasi, namun tetap dapat diketahui bahwa industri farmasi menghasilkan efluen paling toksik (1,171 % efluen) dan kegiatan rumah sakit menghasilkan efluen yang tidak toksik. Secara keseluruhan pada efluen IPAL, Daphnia sp menunjukkan sensitivitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan Moina sp.Abstact: Toxicity test is an important parameter in wastewater plant effluent as it provides the whole response of the test organisms to all compounds in water body. Daphnia sp and Moina sp is the commonly used in toxicity test. The objective of this study was to examined the toxicity level (LC50) of the effluent were taken from painting, pharmaceutical, electroplating, leather tanning, and textile industries, also from hospital activity in Cimahi. The second objective was to compared the sensitivity level of Daphnia sp and Moina sp as the test organisms. The acute toxicity test showed that pharmaceutical industry effluent was most toxic (1.171 % effluent) of all the effluents tested, and the lowest was hospital activity effluent. Overall, Daphnia sp was more sensitive than Moina sp.  Keywords : Toxicity Test, Daphnia sp, Moina sp, Wastewater Treatment Plant, Effluent, Cimahi
ANALISIS PENGARUH LEADERSHIP STYLE DAN SAFETY CLIMATE TERHADAP DATA KECELAKAAN KERJA DI INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR Putri, Pancasila; Roosmini, Dwina
Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol 23, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (384.039 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/j.tl.2017.23.1.4

Abstract

Abstrak: Masalah K3 (Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja) di Indonesia secara umum masih terabaikan, terlihat dari meningkatnya data kecelakaan kerja yang dikeluarkan oleh BPJS dari tahun 2013 hingga 2015. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya oleh Tucker et al (2016) dan Brown et al (2017), salah satu cara untuk memecahkan masalah ini adalah dengan mengevaluasi leadership style dan safety climate. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana leadership style dan safety climate yang ada pada perusahaan dapat mempengaruhi data kecelakaan kerja. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner. Kuesioner NOSACQ-50 dan MLQ yang digunakan terlebih dahulu diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Hasil pengukuran menggunakan kuesioner tersebut dianalisa menggunakan regresi logistik. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa iklim keselamatan kerja berdasarkan kuesioner NOSACQ-50 berkorelasi negatif terhadap data kecelakaan kerja dengan nilai Nagelkerke R Square atau kemampuan safety climate dalam menjelaskan data kecelakaan kerja adalah sebesar 21%. Leadership style yakni transformasional dan transaksional berkorelasi negatif, sedangkan tipe laissez-fair berkorelasi positif terhadap data kecelakaan kerja. Kelloway et al (2006) menyatakan bahwa transformasional dan laissez-fair berkorelasi terhadap kecelakaan kerja masing- masing positif dan negatif dengan R square sebesar 44%. Pada penelitian ini nilai Nagelkerke R Square atau kontribusi leadership style dalam menjelaskan data kecelakaan kerja adalah 47,7%. Kata kunci: leadership style, safety climate, data kecelakaan kerja, MLQ, NOSACQ-50 Abstract: Occupational Health and Safety problems in Indonesia are generally still neglected, as evidenced by the increasing work accident data released by BPJS from 2013 to 2015. Manufacturing industry activities such as PT Z, occupy the third position of fatal workplace accident statistics. PT Z itself has a working procedure, but in its application is still often the case of work accidents. Based on previous research by Tucker et al (2016) and Brown et al (2017), one way to solve this problem is to evaluate leadership style and safety climate. This study aims to analyze how the leadership style and safety climate that exist in the company can affect work accident data. This research was conducted by observation, interview and questionnaire. The NOSACQ-50 and MLQ questionnaires used were first tested for their validity and reliability. The results of the measurement using the questionnaire were analyzed using logistic regression. Based on the result and discussion, it can be concluded that safety climate is negatively correlated with the work accident data with the value of Nagelkerke R Square or the safety clarity ability in explaining the accident data is 21%. Leadership style ie transformational and transactional types are negatively correlated, whereas laissez-fair type is positively correlated with work accident data. Kelloway et al (2006) stated that transformational and laissez-fair correlates to occupational accidents of each positive and negative with R square of 44%. In this study the value of Nagelkerke R Square or leadership style ability in explaining work accident data is 47.7%. Keywords: leadership style, safety climate, accident, MLQ, NOSACQ-50 
EVALUASI KUALITAS AIR TANAH DARI SUMUR GALI AKIBAT KEGIATAN DOMESTIK DI KAMPUNG DARAULIN-DESA NANJUNG Ridhosari, Betanti; Roosmini, Dwina
Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol 17, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (949.956 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/jtl.2011.17.1.5

Abstract

Abstrak: Sungai Citarum memiliki tingkat pencemaran tinggi akibat banyaknya sampah, limbah domestik maupun limbah pabrik yang disalurkan ke badan air tersebut. Hal ini menyebabkan banjir di wilayah sepanjang Sungai Citarum salah satunya yaitu Kampung Daraulin di Desa Nanjung, Kecamatan Margaasih, Kabupaten Bandung. Untuk mencegah banjir pemerintah melakukan proyek normalisasi Sungai Citarum dengan mengeruk dan melebarkan sungai serta meluruskan bagian yang berkelok. Bagian tersebut ditutup. Masyarakat di sekitarnya khususnya penduduk di Kampung Daraulin memanfaatkan bagian tersebut sebagai tempat penampungan limbah domestik. Hal ini mengakibatkan turunnya kualitas air sungai tersebut yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas air tanah di sekitarnya. Penduduk Kampung Daraulin memanfaatkan sumur gali sebagai sumber air untuk kegiatan sehari-hari. Padatnya penduduk di Kampung Daraulin menyebabkan lokasi sumur gali dengan tangki septik sangat dekat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah air tanah di Kampung Daraulin tercemar oleh limbah domestik. Penelitian ini diawali dengan inspeksi sanitasi melalui kuisioner dan dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan sampel air tanah di laboratorium. Pemeriksaan sampel air tanah ini dilakukan di beberapa titik sampling dengan menggunakan metode statistika Simple Random Sampling (SRS), meliputi analisa ammonium dengan metode nessler-spectrofotometri, nitrit dengan metode Reaksi Diazotasi-Spektrofotometri, nitrat dengan metode Brucin-Spectrofotometri, Fosfat dengan metode Stannous Chlorida-Spectrofotometri, dan analisa jumlah bakteri Escherichia Coli dilakukan dengan metode Jumlah Perkiraan Terdekat (JPT). Dari hasil pemeriksaan sampel air sumur gali di Kampung Daraulin diketahui bahwa beberapa sumur gali di Kampung Daraulin tercemar akibat limbah domestik.Kata kunci: Air Tanah, Limbah Domestik, Sumur Gali, Sungai dan Tangki Septik Abstract : Citarum River has a fairly high level of pollution because of domestic and industrial waste. The wastes are channeled to the river and that cause flooding in areas along the river. One of the areas frequently affected by floods is Daraulin Village in Nanjung, Kecamatan Margaasih, Kabupaten Bandung. To prevent flooding, the Government do a project for normalization of Citarum River. This project doing dredge, expand and extend the winding river. Part of  the winding river is closed, but the surrounding community, especially the residents of Daraulin Village, make a river as reservoir for the domestic waste water.  This cause reducting of the water river quality, which can also affect the quality of  groundwater. The residents in Daraulin Village use dug wells as a source of water for their daily activities. The densely populated village cause location between dug wells and septic tank is very close. The study was conducted to determine the groundwater in Daraulin Village polluted by the domestic waste water. The study began with the sanitary inspection with questionnaire and continued with the analysis in the laboratory. The sampling points is using statistical methods Simple Random Sampling (SRS). The laboratory analysis includes the analysis of ammonium with Nessler-spectrophotometry method, analyses nitrit by Diazotasi reaction-spectrophotometry, analyses nitrate by Brucin-Spectrofotometri, phosphate by stannous chloride-Spectrofotometri, and analysis Escherichia Coli by Most Probable Number (MPN). The results of water samples from dug wells in Daraulin village show that some of the dug wells are polluted by domestic waste..  Key words: Domestic Waste, Dug Well, Groundwater,  River and Septic Tank
UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT PADA IPAL TERPADU KAWASAN INDUSTRI TEKSTIL TERHADAP DAPHNIA MAGNA DI DAYEUHKOLOT Tiara, Arnis; Roosmini, dwina
Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol 20, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (893.541 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/jtl.2014.20.2.2

Abstract

Abstrak: Terdapat sekitar 800  industri tekstil yang  berada di  Kabupaten Bandung dan membuang limbahnya langsung ke Sungai Citarum. Hal ini membuat kondisi Sungai Citarum berada pada status tercemar berat. Di Dayeuhkolot sendiri terdapat IPAL kawasan yang mengelola limbah dari 26 Industri tekstil di sekitarnya dan membuang efluennya ke Sungai Citarum. Pengawasan secara fisika dan kimia belum sepenuhnya dapat mewakili dampak limbah tersebut bagi lingkungan khususnya bagi makhluk hidup. Oleh karena itu diperlukan monitoring secara biologis yang berkaitan dengan makhluk hidup. Salah satu monitoring yang dapat dipakai adalah uji toksisitas akut (Whole Effluent Toxicity) untuk mengevaluasi kinerja IPAL agar efluennya dapat memenuhi baku mutu. Uji ini terdiri dari dua tahap yaitu yaitu uji pendahuluan (range finding test) dan uji definitif. Melalui uji ini didapatkan nilai LC50. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah Daphnia magna. Sebelum uji toksisitas akut dilakukan uji karakterisasi terlebih dahulu. Dari uji karakterisasi didapatkan beberapa parameter berada di atas baku mutu dan dapat bersifat toksik. Nilai LC50 sementara yang didapat hari Senin, Selasa, Rabu, Kamis, Jumat dan Sabtu adalah 16,8%,31,9%, 37,5%, 32%, 34,4%, dan 29,3%. Nilai LC50 sementara tidak terlalu berbeda atau tidak berfluktuatif dan masih dalam rentang konsentrasi yang sama. Lalu dilakukan uji definitif sehingga di dapat nilai LC50 aktual. . Nilai LC50 aktual dari hari Senin, Selasa, Rabu, Kamis, Jumat dan Sabtu adalah13.73%, 52,24%, 28,55%, 56%, 47,06%, dan 21,99%. Dan nilai TUa dari keenam sampel >1 sehingga tergolong toksik dan belum aman dibuang ke lingkungan. Kata kunci: Daphnia magna, evaluasi IPAL, industri tekstil, LC50, uji toksisitas akut Abstract : There are about 800 textile industries that located in Bandung and discharge their wastewaste directly into the Citarum River. This made the condition of the Citarum River was in heavily polluted status. In Dayeuhkolot there is WWTP area that treated wastewater from 26 textile industry around it and discharge its effluent into the Citarum River. Physical and chemical monitoring can?t fully represent the impact of waste on the environment, especially for living things. Therefore it?s necessary to performed biological monitoring that related to living things. One of method of biological monitaring that we can use is acute toxicity test (Whole Effluent Toxicity) to evaluate the performance of the WWTP so its effluent meet quality standards. This test consists of two stages: the preliminary test (range finding test) and the definitive test. Through this test we could obtaine LC50 values. Test animals that be used is Daphnia magna. Before the acute toxicity tests, characterization test is conducted. From characterization test is obtained some parameters are above the standards and toxic. LC50 values that is obtained in Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday were 16.8%, 31.9%, 37.5%, 32%, 34.4%, and 29.3%. LC50 values were not being too different or not fluctuated and still in the same concentration range. Then from definitive test we can obtained actual LC50 values. Actual LC50 values from Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday were 13.73%, 52.24%, 28.55%, 56%, 47.06%, and 21.99%. And the TUa values from these six samples were >1 so  relatively toxic and is not yet safe discharged into the environment. Key words: acute toxicity test, Daphnia magna, LC50, textile industry, WWTP evaluation
AN INVESTIGATION OF A CONVENTIONAL WATER TREATMENT PLANT IN REDUCING DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER AND TRIHALOMETHANE FORMATION POTENTIAL FROM A TROPICAL RIVER WATER SOURCE Sururi, Mohamad Rangga; Notodarmojo, Suprihanto; Roosmini, Dwina; Putra, Prama Setia; Maulana, Yusuf Eka; Dirgawati, Mila
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 52, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2020.52.2.10

Abstract

The characteristics and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and trihalomethane (THM) generation during water treatment are important for producing safe drinking water. However, little information is available on this topic within the context of Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of a conventional drinking water treatment plant (WTP) in removing DOM and chloroform forming potential (CHCl3FP), and evaluate surrogate parameters for CHCl3FP. Samples were taken during the rainy season and the dry season from raw water, after secondary treatment and after the rapid sand filter. DOM was characterized based on the A254, A355, SUVA, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and fluorescence DOM (FDOM) parameters. The composition of the DOM was identified using the peak picking method. Overall, from raw to finished water, the WTP performed better in the rainy season with 55.96% reduction of DOC and 63.45% reduction of A355 as compared to the dry season with 53.27% reduction of DOC and 24.18% reduction of A355.The overall removal of humic and tryptophan compounds during the rainy season was 33.33% and 37.50%, respectively. In the dry season, humic compounds were reduced by 18.80%, while tryptophan increased threefold. A355 can serve as a surrogate parameter for CHCl3FP in raw water and water after secondary treatment, containing more humic-like compounds than tryptophan-like compounds.
PERSEPSI RISIKO DAN BIAS KOGNITIF DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN COVID-19 DI JAWA BARAT, INDONESIA Nastiti, Anindrya; Kusumah, Siska Widya Dewi; Wangsaatmaja, Addina; Roosmini, Dwina; Sundana, Eka; Sutadian, Arief
Creative Research Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Daerah (BP2D) Provinsi Jawa Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34147/crj.v6i2.282

Abstract

COVID-19 telah menjadi tantangan kesehatan masyarakat global dan merupakan penyakit dengan transmisibilitas yang tinggi. Untuk itu, masyarakat harus melakukan tindakan pencegahan untuk membatasi penyebaran COVID-19. Elemen kunci seseorang untuk melakukan tindakan preventif untuk melindungi dirinya dan orang lain adalah persepsi terhadap risiko. Persepsi risiko ini dapat terdistorsi oleh berbagai bias kognitif yang dapat mendera masyarakat. Dengan menggunakan metode survey daring (dalam jaringan) terhadap 391 responden di Jawa Barat, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami persepsi risiko terhadap pencegahan penularan COVID-19 dan bias kognitif yang menyertainya. masih terdapat responden yang merasa yakin benar bahwa Indonesia relatif aman dari COVID-19 karena beriklim tropis, COVID-19 dapat disembuhkan hanya dengan meminum obat herbal atau pengobatan tradisional lainnya, dan merasa aman untuk bepergian ke tempat umum. Sebanyak 74,9% responden bersedia menjalani vaksin, dan 25,1% responden tidak bersedia menjalani vaksin. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi responden terhadap COVID-19 masih perlu ditingkatkan agar perilaku masyarakat pada masa Adatasi Kebiasaan Baru (AKB) tetap mematuhi protokol kesehatan. Selain itu, pengetahuan tentang vaksin pada responden perlu ditingkatkan melalui pemberian informasi yang lebih strategis dan masif.
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA PAPARAN PARTIKULAT TERESPIRASI Noneng Dewi Zannaria; Dwina Roosmini; Muhayatun Santoso
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Nuklir Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology) Vol 10, No 1 (2009): Februari 2009
Publisher : BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/jstni.2009.10.1.658

Abstract

Partikulat terespirasiadalah partikulat dengan ukuran 2-5μm yang karena sifat aerodinamiknya dapat masuk kedalam saluran pernafasan dan terdeposit dalam paru-paru serta merusak alveoli sehinggamembahayakan kesehatan manusia. Dinas Kesehatan kota Bandung mencatat bahwa adakecenderungan peningkatan angka kejadian penyakit infeksi saluran pernafasan akut (ISPA)setiap tahun di kota Bandung. Pengukuran PM10 pada periode tahun 2002-2005 yang dilakukanoleh BPLH Kota Bandung menunjukkan bahwa di beberapa lokasi ambang batas baku mutuharian untuk PM10 telah dilampaui. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengetahui paparan partikulatterespirasi pada masyarakat dengan melakukan karakterisasi unsur-unsur kimia yangterkandung di dalamnya sebagai bentuk identifikasi bahaya. Penelitian dilakukan di empatkawasan di kota Bandung. Pengambilan sampel partikulat terespirasi dilakukan menggunakanpersonal sampler. Karakterisasi kimia dilakukan menggunakan metode analisis aktivasi neutron,spektrometri serapan atom dan reflektansi. Hasil identifikasi dan karakterisasi tersebutdigunakan untuk menghitung nilai IEC(Inhalation Exposure Concentration) sebagai estimasipaparan partikulat terespirasi yang terhirup selama kurun waktu tertentu. Tahap tersebutmerupakan tahap awal dari studi epidemiologi yang mengkaitkan kejadian penyakit saluranpernafasan dengan hasil identifikasi dan karakterisasi partikulat terespirasi. Unsur-unsur kimiayang diidentifikasi adalah unsur Br, Mn, Al, I, V, Cl, Ti, Na, Hg, Pb, dan black carbon (BC). Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partikulat terespirasi yang dihirup oleh penduduk sebagaireseptor di kawasan Tegalega, Aria Graha, Dago Pakar, dan Cisaranten Wetan relatif lebihtinggi dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi PM2,5 udara ambien di lokasi yang sama. Kawasanindustri Cisaranten Wetan mempunyai konsentrasi tertinggi untuk sebagian besar unsur-unsuryang terkandung dalam partikulat terespirasi.