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The Effect of Democratic Leadership Style on the Performance of Employees at PT. Medan Industry Area (Persero) Andrysyah Andrysyah; Amin Basri; Junaida Junaida; Sudian Efendi; Nurhalimah Tambunan
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 3, No 4 (2020): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v3i4.1474

Abstract

The objective of this research were to determine the effect of democratic leadership style on performance of employees at PT. Medan Industry Area (Persero). The purpose of this research was to determine how the influence of democratic leadership style on performance of employees at PT. Medan Industry Area (Persero) ". Sources of data in this research are employees of PT. Medan Industry Area (Persero), with a population and a sample of 40 people (Respondents). The data was collected using a questionnaire and dating analysis using the SPSS 25 application. And the data collected using a questionnaire will then be tested for validity, reliability test, f test, and test the coefficient of determination. The results of this research indicate that the determination coefficient test (R2) in table 4:23 shows that the magnitude of the influence of the democratic leadership style is 0.069, this means that the democratic leadership style has an influence on employee performance. Thus it can be concluded that this indicates that the democratic leadership style is very good. And in the F test table 4.22 below, the value of Fcount > Ftable, the value of Fcount can be seen at the percentage point of the f test. Then the independent variable (X) (independent), namely leadership style (3.908> 4.09), has a significant effect on employee performance (dependent). Thus it can be concluded that with the influence of democratic leadership styles on employee performance, employees will be increasingly motivated to be able to provide good and maximum work results, and will direct all their abilities to improve performance, so they will be able to complete their tasks properly. And with the resulting Adjusted R Square value of 6.9% the effect and the rest is influenced by other variables.
Physical Games as a Learning Medium for Early Childhood to Improve Gender-Responsive Education Rita Nofianti; Nurhalimah Tambunan; Anggun Febri Purwanti
International Journal of Society and Law Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Yayasan Multidimensi Kreatif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Gender-responsive education in early childhood is a crucial aspect in shaping equal understanding of gender roles in society. Research shows that even before the age of three, children begin to acquire cultural gender stereotypes through their interactions with adults and peers, and by the age of six, children have already formed gender biases regarding intelligence and expected roles of boys and girls. This study examines the role of physical games as an effective learning medium to introduce gender-responsive concepts to early childhood (ages 4–6). Using a mixed-method approach with a pre-post intervention design, the study involved 75 children across 4 early childhood education institutions over 16 weeks. The results indicate that physical games designed with gender-responsive principles significantly improve children’s understanding of role equality (p < 0.05), reduce gender stereotypes by 41%, and foster inclusive social skills. These findings align with the need to provide inclusive physical activity opportunities that accommodate children’s factors such as self-esteem, cultural beliefs, ability levels, peer evaluation, and gender diversity. This research provides important contributions to the development of a more inclusive and gender-responsive early childhood education curriculum..