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All Journal Reaktor TEKNIK Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Dan Teknologi Fakultas Teknik Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences
Hantoro Satriadi
Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro Jln. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Semarang, 50239, Telp/Fax: (024)7460058
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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PENINGKATAN KUALITAS DAN PROSES PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI BLENDING MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT (PALM OIL) DAN MINYAK KELAPA (COCONUT OIL) DAN BANTUAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK Satriadi, Hantoro; Nafiega, Favian; Widayat, W.; Dipo, Rheza
TEKNIK Vol 35, No 2 (2014): (Desember 2014)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1314.816 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/teknik.v35i2.7020

Abstract

Keterbatasan solar sebagai sumber energi bahan bakunya tidak dapat diperbaharui menuntut adanya bahan baku alternatif yang dapat diperbaharui dan ramah lingkungan untuk pembuatan biodiesel. Reaksi utama produksi biodiesel adalah esterifikasi dan transestirifikasi yang berlangsung lambat dan membutuhkan banyak katalis dan alkohol. Reaksi yang terjadi belum sempurna dan belum memenuhi standar SNI dan ASTM. Untuk memperbaiki mutu biodiesel serta menghasilkan yield maksimal, maka dilakukan blending bahan baku antara minyak kelapa sawit dan minyak kelapa dan dengan bantuan gelombang ultrasonic. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh variabel perbandingan volume minyak kelapa sawit dan minyak kelapa, perbandingan volume methanolminyak, dan persentase berat katalis terhadap minyak terhadap hasil atau yield biodiesel. Alat utama yang digunakan adalah reaktor yang dilengkapi pembangkit gelombang ultrasonic dengan temperature 60 oC, tekanan 1 atm, volume 3 liter, dan frekuensi 28 kHz. Variabel proses pada penelitian ini adalah perbandingan volume minyak sawit dan kelapa 2:1, 3:1, dan 4:1, pebandingan volume metanol-minyak 0,2:1, 0,25:1, dan 0,3:1, dan persentase berat katalis KOH terhadap minyak 0,3%, 0,5%, dan 0,7%. Hasil penelitian didapat konversi tertinggi dicapai pada variabel perbandingan volume minyak sawit dan kelapa 3:1, perbandingan volume metanol/minyak 0,25:1, dan persentase berat katalis terhadap minyak dengan yield 97,26%.[A Improvement of Quality and Process for Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil and Coconut Oil Blends with Ultrasound Assisted] Limitations of solar energy as a source of raw material cannot be renewed demands for alternative raw materials that are renewable and environmentally friendly for the manufacture of biodiesel. The main production of biodiesel reaction is esterification and transestirifikasi which runs slow and requires a lot of alcohol and a catalyst. Reactions that happen yet perfect, and has not met the standard of SNI and ASTM. To improve the quality of biodiesel as well as produce maximum yield, then do the blending of raw materials between Palm oil and coconut oil and with the help of ultrasonic waves. This research aims to study the influence of variable ratio of the volume of palm oil and coconut oil, methanol-oil volume ratio, and the percentage of weight of the catalyst to oil to biodiesel results or yield. The main tool used by the reactors are equipped with ultrasonic wave generator temperature 60 oC, pressure 1 atm, 3 liters of volume, and frequency 28 kHz. Process variables in this study is a comparison of the volume of palm oil and coconut 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1, ratio volume of methanol-oil 0.2:1, 0.25:1, and 0,31:1, and the percentage of weight of KOH catalyst to oil 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7%. Results of the study had the highest conversion achieved at variable volume ratio of palm oil and coconut 3:1, a comparison of the volume of methanol/oil 0.25:1, and the percentage of the weight of oil with the catalyst to yield 97,26%.Copyright (c) by Fakultas Teknik, Undip. All right reserved.
KINETIKA REAKSI ESTERIFIKASI GLISEROL DAN ASAM ASETAT MENJADI TRIACETIN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ASAM SULFAT Satriadi, Hantoro
TEKNIK Vol 36, No 2 (2015): (December 2015)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (690.196 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/teknik.v36i2.8571

Abstract

Biodiesel merupakan salah satu energi alternatif yang diharapkan dapat menggantikan bahan bakar diesel. Gliserol merupakan produk dengan produksi biodiesel dari reaksi transesterifikasi. Gliserol saat diesterifikasi dengan asam asetat untuk membentuk triacetin. Kegunaan triacetin sangat baik untuk makanan dan non makanan. Untuk bahan makanan, triacetin dapat digunakan sebagai bahan aroma dalam permen, minuman dari susu, minuman ringan dan permen karet. Adapun non-makanan dapat digunakan untuk pelarut pada parfum, tinta cetak, pelarut dalam rasa, plasticizer untuk resin selulosa, polimer dan co-polimer, bahkan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan aditif bahan bakar untuk mengurangi knocking di mesin mobil. Dalam penelitian ini akan diperoleh kondisi optimum pembuatan triacetin. Volume total gliserol dan asam asetat 600 ml, kecepatan pengadukan 100 rpm dan berat katalis adalah 5% berat gliserol. Dalam penelitian ini proses analisis kualitatif dengan menggunakan instrumen FTIR telah mendeteksi adanya produk triacetin. Hasil analisis kuantitatif diperoleh persamaan kecepatan reaksi esterifikasi dan kondisi optimum yang dihasilkan pada rasio mol reagen gliserol dan asam asetat 1:7 dengan temperatur 120 oC pada menit ke-5 dengan nilai konversi sebesar 67,63%. [Title: Kinetics of Esterification Reaction of Triacetin Formation from Glycerol and Acetic Acid Using Sulfuric Acid Catalyst] Biodiesel, as one of alternative energy, is expected to replace diesel fuel. Glycerol is a by product of biodiesel production from transesterification reaction. The glycerol was esterified with acetic acid to form triacetin. The triacetin was useful for food and non- food application. For food application, the triacetin can be used as a fragrance ingredient in candy, beverages from milk, soft drinks and chewing gum. Meanwhile, for non-food materials, it can be used for solvent triacetin on perfumes, printing ink, solvent in flavor, plasticizer for cellulose resin, polymer and co-polymers, it can even be used as fuel additives to reduce knocking in car engines. In this study, the research results in optimum conditions on manufacturing triacetin. Total volume of glycerol and acetic acid is 600 ml, stirring speed is 100 rpm and the catalyst laoding is 5 wt.% glycerol. From qualitative analysis using FTIR, the triacetin product was detected. From quantitative analysis, the rate equation of esterification reaction and optimum conditions were resulted at mole ratio of glycerol and acetic acid of eagents 1:7, temperature of 120 0C at 5 minutes process and the conversion of 67.63%.
Analisis Penambahan Ion Na dan Ca pada Hidrolisis Pati Singkong (Manihot esculanta) untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Enzim: Studi Kinetika Hidrolisis Hargono, Hargono; Jos, Bakti; Satriadi, Hantoro; Zakaria, Muhammad Fahmi
TEKNIK Vol. 43, No. 1 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/teknik.v43i1.41985

Abstract

Sweet cassava is tuber that contains large amount of starch so that it can produce reducing sugars. The addition of metal ions can increase enzyme activity. The purpose was to study the addition of Na and Ca ions on reducing sugars concentration and to study the hydrolysis kinetics. Experiments were carried out at various concentrations of substrates (100, 200, and 300 g/L), enzyme concentrations (1 and 1.5% (w/w)), addition of Na and Ca ions of 60 ppm. The hydrolysis method was conducted at temperature of 30°C with the enzyme StargenTM 002 at pH 4, for 24 hours. The results showed that starch concentrations of 100-200 g/L were able to significantly increase the reducing sugars at enzyme concentration of 1.5% (w/w). The addition of Ca ions increased the concentration of reducing sugar by 64% while the addition of Na ions increased it by 18.9%. The best reducing sugar concentration (68.79 g/L) was obtained at starch concentration of 200 g/L and enzyme concentration of 1.5% (w/w) with the of Ca ions. Kinetic studies show that phenomenon follows Michaelis-Menten equation with Vmax valued of 6.053; 8,881; 15.106 g/L.hour, respectively. So that, addition of Na and Ca ion can increase the enzyme activity
Co-Authors . Widayat Aji Baharsyah Alfareza, Muhammad Ircham Bagus Agang Sudrajat Bakti Jos Favian Nafiega H Hadiyanto H. Hadiyanto Hargono Hargono Ika Windrianto K. H Irawan Arif Budianto Makrufah Hidayah I Marcelinus Christwardana Maria Siahaan Meiny Suzery Ndaru Okvitarini Ngurah Widiantara Rheza Dipo Riky Yonas Riky Yonas S Supriyandi Sianturi, Aurelia Genesya Uray Irzandi Uray Irzandi Wira Pinem Zakaria, Muhammad Fahmi