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PROSES PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN MIKROALGA LIAR Satriadi, Hantoro; ., Widayat; ., Hadiyanto; Irzandi, Uray; Yonas, Riky
Prosiding SNST Fakultas Teknik Vol 1, No 1 (2012): PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 3 2012
Publisher : Prosiding SNST Fakultas Teknik

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Industri kelapa sawit menghasilkan limbah cair yang dikenal palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME memiliki kandungan BOD sebesar 230 mg/L dan COD sekitar 700 mg/L sehingga tidak dapat dibuang langsung ke lingkungan. Pengolahan yang umum dilakukan adalah pengolahan fisika dan biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses pengolahan POME dengan menggunakan mikroalga liar, dimana dipelajari konsentrasi urea (N) dan ammonium bikarbonat (C). Respon yang diamati adalah konsentrasi biomassa sebagai optical density setiap harinya sampai diperoleh nilai konstan. Prosedur analisis dengan alat spektrofotometri. Limbah setelah operasi dianalisis nilai COD dan BOD Prosedur percobaan yang dilakukan berupa pencampuran POME dan mikroalga kedalam bioreaktor sesuai perbandingan yang ditentukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikroalaga liar yang diperoleh di Jurusan Teknik Kimia FT UNDIP mampu mengolah POME, dimana pengaruh pemberian nutrient C dan N terhadap COD dan BOD, bahwa semakin tinggi penambahan unsur C dan N semakin besar penurunan nilai COD dan BODnya. Kondisi optimum untuk pengolahan limbah industri kelapa sawit dengan teknologi mikroalga pada media perbandingan 1 volume mikroalga berbanding 3 volume POME dengan nutrient 40 ppm urea dan 120 ppm NaHCO3. Kata kunci: POME, Mikroalga liar, BOD, COD, optical density

Kinetic Study of Kapok Seed Oil Esterification using BMIM-PF6 Catalyst Bagus Agang Sudrajat; Widayat Widayat; Ngurah Widiantara; Hantoro Satriadi; Maria Siahaan; Wira Pinem
Reaktor Volume 20 No.3 September 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Biodiesel offers better combustion efficiency, lower sulfur content and aromatic compounds, higher cetane numbers than diesel fuel, biodegradable and renewable properties that are not possessed by conventional fuels such as diesel fuel. This study aims to study the modeling of esterification process of Kapok seed oil using 3 % liquid ionic catalyst 1-Butyl-3-MethydidazoliumHexafluorophosphate (BMIM-PF6). The validation results of reaction kinetic models for experiments and simulations provide an adjacent correlation value, that is R2 = 0.99526, with the rate constant value (k) based on experimental data are 0.003815 L/mol.s and 0.0038 L/mol.s for the simulation data. Based on the simulation results, the proper reaction order for this esterification reaction is the first order reaction equation with a value of R2 = 0.99526, while the second order reaction gives the value R2 = 0.89453. The reaction kinetics parameters obtained from the experimental results are A = 0.012 L/mol.s and -Ea = -0.437 kJ/mol, while the reaction parameters of the simulation are A = 1.0384 L/mol.s and -Ea = -89.5 kJ/mol.Keywords: Esterification, Ionic Liquid Catalyst, Kinetic

PRODUKSI TRIACETIN DENGAN PROSES ESTERIFIKASI GLISEROL DAN ASAM ASETAT MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ASAM SULFAT Ika Windrianto K. H; Hantoro Satriadi
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Biodiesel is one alternative energy that is expected to replace diesel fuel. Glycerol is a by product of biodiesel production from transesterification reaction. Glycerol when esterified with acetic acid to form triacetin. Triacetin usability very much both for food and non food. For groceries, triacetin can be used as a fragrance ingredient in candy, beverages from milk, soft drinks and chewing gum. As for the non-food materials can be used for solvent triacetin on perfumes, printing ink, solvent in flavor, plasticizer for cellulose resin, polymer and co-polymers, it can even be used as fuel additives to reduce knocking in car engines. In this study will be obtained under optimum conditions of manufacture of triacetin. Glycerol and total volume of 600 ml acetic acid, stirring speed of 100 rpm and the catalyst was 5 wt% glycerol. In this study the process of qualitative analysis using FTIR instrument has detected the existence of triacetin product. Besides the quantitative analysis obtained under optimum conditions resulted in mole ratio of reagents 1:7 glycerol and acetic acid to a temperature of 1200C at 5 minutes with the conversion rate of 67.6323 %.

OPTIMASI PROSES PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL BERBANTUKAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK DARI BLENDING MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT (CRUDE PALM OIL) DAN MINYAK JARAK (JATROPHA CURCAS OIL) Aji Baharsyah; S Supriyandi; Hantoro Satriadi; W Widayat
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Limitations of diesel which is a non-renewable energy sources, requires alternative fuels to renewable and environmentally friendly, for example is biodiesel. The main reaction is the production of biodiesel esterification and transesterification, but these conventional reactions are slow, requires a lot of alcohol and a catalyst, the reaction has not been perfect, and the products do not meet SNI and ASTM standards. In this research, mixing castor oil and palm oil as biodiesel feedstock, but it aims to obtain the optimum conditions for the blending ratio variable mass castor and palm oil, the amount of catalyst to oil, and the mole ratio of methanol-oil with helped by ultrasonic waves. The resulting biodiesel product is expected to meet SNI and ASTM standards. The main tool used is the ultrasonic cleaner. Variable that is the ratio of the mass of castor oil and palm 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1, the amount of catalyst KOH 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by mass of oil, and methanol-oil mole ratio 3:1, 6 : 1, and 9:1. The results obtained highest conversion achieved in the mass ratio 2:1 castor oil and palm oil, catalyst 1.5% by mass of oil, and the mole ratio of 6:1 with a mixture of methanol-conversion 95.341% where diesel fuel product meets SNI and ASTM standards.

PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK GORENG MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS KOH DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK JAGUNG Ndaru Okvitarini; Makrufah Hidayah I; Hantoro Satriadi; W Widayat
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Antioxidants on biodiesel can use for inhibit the oxidation events during storage or in use. The objective of this research are to study ratio corn ratio ethanol extract to oil and biodiesel and KOH consentration in biodiesel production Reactions were performed for three hours with a catalyst concentration process variables 0:25 to 1:25% and the ratio of cooking oil / corn ethanol extract of between 1:3 to 1:7. Then the separation of biodiesel from glycerol. Further test the properties of biodiesel density, viscosity, acid number, saponification number, peroxide value, iodine number. Results of analysis of 9 samples has characteristic that almost in accordance with SNI. It is proved that antioxidants work reduces the oxidation reaction. The highest conversion of biodiesel production is shown by the use reactants 1:7 is 91,75% and 1:25% catalyst is 91,5%.

Peningkatan Produksi Mocaf dengan Rancang Bangun Alat Pemotong Widayat Widayat; H Hadiyanto; Hantoro Satriadi; Meiny Suzery; Irawan Arif Budianto
Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Vol 17, No 3 (2019): November 2019
Publisher : School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro Univer

Singkong merupakan tanaman pangan berupa perdu dengan nama lain ubi kayu, singkong atau kasape. Singkong dapat diubah menjadi tape, alkohol, MOCAF (Modified Cassava Flour) dan juga diambil tepung tapiokanya. MOCAF adalah tepung singkong yang telah mengalami proses modifikasi baik fisika, kimia atau biologi. PT Mocaf Solusindo merupakan produsen MOCAF dan berdomisili di Sukoharjo. Dalam perkembangan telah melakukan pemberdayaan masyarakat Kecamatan Matesih Kabupaten Karanganyar untuk mengolah singkong menjadi produk MOCAF. Penelitian ini berhasil melakukan suatu rancang bangun alat pemotong singkong bermesin. Alat pemotong terdiri dari pisau pemotong yang dihubungkan oleh tuas dan digerakkan leh motor penggerak. Alat ini dapat meningkatkan kapasitas pemotongan yang semula hanya 50-56 kg per jam menjadi 250 kg/jam. Dengan demikian dapat meningkatkan 0mzet dari PT. Mocaf Solusindo dari Rp. 21.000.000, menjadi Rp.35.000.000,- per bulan.

Palm Oil Milling Effluent (POME) Waste Processing by Using Microalgae Chlamydomonas sp. Riky Yonas; Uray Irzandi; Hantoro Satriadi; W. Widayat; Marcelinus Christwardana; H. Hadiyanto
Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbes.2022.15152

Along with the growth in oil palm output, the amount of trash produced will also increase. Every palm oil mill is responsible for the disposal of liquid waste known as palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME includes very high levels of BOD and COD, which may hinder the development of microalgae. Before POME may be utilized as a medium for the growth and development of microalgae, a detailed investigation is required to establish the pretreatment measures necessary to reduce the BOD and COD levels. The purpose of this investigation of POME waste as a substrate for the growth and development of microalgae is to examine the POME processing procedure utilizing wild microalgae. The experimental technique consisted of adding POME and microalgae to the Erlemeyer in accordance with the required proportion. Research demonstrates that POME pond IV waste may be utilized as a substrate for the development of wild microalgae to lower POME waste BOD and COD levels. The variables used were the ratio of POME to microalgae volume and the quantity of nutrients supplied. Microalgae growth at a ratio of 1:4 produced the greatest decreases in BOD and COD, namely 61.66 ppm and 173.33 ppm from 110.6 ppm and 496.67 ppm, respectively. The impact of adding nutrient C at a concentration of 120 ppm led to the greatest decrease of BOD and COD, namely 65.33 ppm and 186.67 ppm, whereas adding nutrient N at a concentration of 40 ppm led to the greatest reduction of BOD and COD, namely 55.41 ppm and 158.33 ppm.

Palm Oil Milling Effluent (POME) Waste Processing by Using Microalgae Chlamydomonas sp. Riky Yonas; Uray Irzandi; Hantoro Satriadi; W. Widayat; Marcelinus Christwardana; H. Hadiyanto
Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : BIORE Scientia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbes.2022.15152

Along with the growth in oil palm output, the amount of trash produced will also increase. Every palm oil mill is responsible for the disposal of liquid waste known as palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME includes very high levels of BOD and COD, which may hinder the development of microalgae. Before POME may be utilized as a medium for the growth and development of microalgae, a detailed investigation is required to establish the pretreatment measures necessary to reduce the BOD and COD levels. The purpose of this investigation of POME waste as a substrate for the growth and development of microalgae is to examine the POME processing procedure utilizing wild microalgae. The experimental technique consisted of adding POME and microalgae to the Erlemeyer in accordance with the required proportion. Research demonstrates that POME pond IV waste may be utilized as a substrate for the development of wild microalgae to lower POME waste BOD and COD levels. The variables used were the ratio of POME to microalgae volume and the quantity of nutrients supplied. Microalgae growth at a ratio of 1:4 produced the greatest decreases in BOD and COD, namely 61.66 ppm and 173.33 ppm from 110.6 ppm and 496.67 ppm, respectively. The impact of adding nutrient C at a concentration of 120 ppm led to the greatest decrease of BOD and COD, namely 65.33 ppm and 186.67 ppm, whereas adding nutrient N at a concentration of 40 ppm led to the greatest reduction of BOD and COD, namely 55.41 ppm and 158.33 ppm.

Extraction of oxalic acid from porang tuber by mechanical separation method Satriadi, Hantoro; Widayat, Widayat; Sianturi, Aurelia Genesya; Alfareza, Muhammad Ircham
Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Vol 3, No 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : BIORE Scientia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/jbes.2024.19917

Porang tuber is a source of food that has many benefits. It also has the disadvantage of increasing the risk of health problems because of its high oxalate content. One of the methods for capturing oxalic acid from porang tuber flour is the Mechanical Separation method. Porang flour was added to ethanol-water solvent with a ratio of the solvent mixture-porang flour and an ethanol-water composition according to the variable. The mixing of porang flour and the solvent mixture were heated and added with HCl. The filtrate obtained was taken and diluted. The diluted filtrate was taken and titrated using KMnO4. This study aims to examine the effect of material size (between 60 - 80 mesh, between 80 - 100 mesh, and >100 mesh), the composition of the solvent mixture (60:40 v/v, 78:22 v/v, 96:4 v/ v), and the ratio of solvent with porang tuber flour (10:1, 15:1, 20:1) to oxalic acid yield in porang tuber flour. The results showed that the optimum conditions obtained from this RSM method are flour size of 100 mesh, composition of ethanol: water = 96:4, and the ratio of solvent to flour 20:1. Oxalic acid yield obtained in this variable is 30.2469%.

Analisis Penambahan Ion Na dan Ca pada Hidrolisis Pati Singkong (Manihot esculanta) untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Enzim: Studi Kinetika Hidrolisis Hargono Hargono; Bakti Jos; Hantoro Satriadi; Muhammad Fahmi Zakaria
TEKNIK Vol 43, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/teknik.v43i1.41985

Sweet cassava is tuber that contains large amount of starch so that it can produce reducing sugars. The addition of metal ions can increase enzyme activity. The purpose was to study the addition of Na and Ca ions on reducing sugars concentration and to study the hydrolysis kinetics. Experiments were carried out at various concentrations of substrates (100, 200, and 300 g/L), enzyme concentrations (1 and 1.5% (w/w)), addition of Na and Ca ions of 60 ppm. The hydrolysis method was conducted at temperature of 30°C with the enzyme StargenTM 002 at pH 4, for 24 hours. The results showed that starch concentrations of 100-200 g/L were able to significantly increase the reducing sugars at enzyme concentration of 1.5% (w/w). The addition of Ca ions increased the concentration of reducing sugar by 64% while the addition of Na ions increased it by 18.9%. The best reducing sugar concentration (68.79 g/L) was obtained at starch concentration of 200 g/L and enzyme concentration of 1.5% (w/w) with the of Ca ions. Kinetic studies show that phenomenon follows Michaelis-Menten equation with Vmax valued of 6.053; 8,881; 15.106 g/L.hour, respectively. So that, addition of Na and Ca ion can increase the enzyme activity

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