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Suprapto Siswosukarto
Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Transportation

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Journal : Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum

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A Flexural Behavior of Full-Scale RC Beam Strengthened Using Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer: Experimental Research Putri, Oktalia Wuranti; Setiawan, Angga Fajar; Siswosukarto, Suprapto; Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin; Nor, Noorsuhada Md; Muslikh
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 12 No. 2 (May 2026)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.22499

Abstract

Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures, though strong and economical, may need to be strengthened due to increased load demand for upgraded room functions. Strengthening an RC beam element with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) offers flexural strength enhancement, corrosion resistance, and cost efficiency. However, the study that considers the full-scale dimension of a beam strengthened with GFRP is still limited. Therefore, more studies on the flexural strength enhancement of RC beams with GFRP need to be conducted. This research investigated the flexural performance of full-scale RC beams strengthened with externally bonded GFRP. This study involved testing five beam specimens, each with a different number of GFRP layers attached to the outermost tensile zone of the cross-section. Flexural testing was conducted using a four-point bending setup with a loading–unloading scheme to capture the specimens’ elastoplastic behavior, considering recovery during unloading. The analyzed parameters included stiffness, yield strength, debonding strength, ultimate strength, and ductility. Furthermore, the flexural strength was predicted through analytical calculations based on the fiber section method, while the shear strength was estimated following the ACI 318M-14 code. The experimental results showed that GFRP strengthening considerably increased stiffness and first flexural strength of RC beams as a proportion of the number of layers during the pre-debonding state. Despite the debonding occurrence initiating a temporary lapse in the role of GFRP at 0.67% to 0.93% of displacement-span-ratio, it decreased the flexural resistance momentarily. Then, the strengthened beams with two-to-four-layer GFRP still exhibited second ultimate flexural strength enhancement within the range 14.35% to 39.22%. Furthermore, GFRP strengthening generally preserved beam ductility at the second ultimate flexural strength due to the catenary action from debonded GFRP in the plastic hinge zone. Thus, additional GFRP for strengthening RC beams could be effective in the case of a positive bending moment to enhance the stiffness, strength, and ductility
Types, Mechanisms, and Efficiency Rate of Galvanized Steel as Corrosion Protection in Atmospheric Corrosion: A Systematic Review Silaban, Trihol Oky Jones; Setiawan, Angga Fajar; Siswosukarto, Suprapto; Wiranata, Ardi; Putra, Ryan Anugrah; Priyotomo, Gadang; Kudus, Sakhiah Abdul
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 12 No. 2 (May 2026)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.22512

Abstract

Corrosion represents a major concern in numerous industrial sectors, primarily due to the inherent vulnerability of metallic structures to degradation. Therefore, implementing effective corrosion protection measures is essential. Naturally occurring organic chemical compounds and important molecules have demonstrated strong potential for corrosion protection. Some studies indicate that those containing oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen in the atmosphere exhibit the highest protection performance. Organic and naturally derived protection generally functions by forming protective films on metal surfaces, thereby mitigating the corrosion rate. This review emphasizes the role of galvanized coatings as effective corrosion protection with the cathodic protection method and anode sacrificial on the steel surfaces. It also includes an analysis of steel surface morphology using SEM-EDS micrographs. The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, with literature sources covering publications. A total of selected studies were critically analyzed to examine corrosion types, protection mechanisms, efficiency performance, and surface characterization of galvanized coatings. Both Hot-Dip Galvanizing (HDG) and Cold Galvanizing Coatings (CGC) were systematically compared in terms of corrosion rate, protective efficiency, coating thickness, and environmental aggressiveness. The paper systematically covers different types of corrosion, available protection control methods, and corrosion mitigation techniques. It further explores protective mechanisms, evaluates efficiency, and identifies the most effective control strategies. Additionally, the review discusses theoretical approaches, activation parameters, adsorption studies, and surface morphology. This review highlights key factors influencing galvanized steel performance, including coating composition, environmental parameters, and exposure duration, while also identifying current research gaps. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing corrosion protection strategies and improving the service life of steel structures in atmospheric environments.
Co-Authors Achmad Basuki Ahmad, Mohammad Ismail Ramadan Ali Awaludin Aminullah, Akhmad Ardi Wiranata Arianto, Niky Ashar Saputra Asman, Hasbi Bambang Suhendro Bambang Supriadi Bambang Supriyadi Endita Prima Ari Pratiwi Gadang Priyotomo Iman Satyarno Irawati, Inggar Septhia Juesmin, Elvina Keron, Maria Apolonia Palan Kudus, Sakhiah Abdul Latif Budi Suparma Lautan Wijaya Nusantara, Johan Muda, Johanes B Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun Muslikh Muslikh Muslikh Nawangsasi, Ratna Dwiyani Niken Palaeowati Nor, Noorsuhada Md Pasapan, Richard Marcelenus Purba, Ronny Putri, Oktalia Wuranti Rosediana, Risky Andayani Ryan Anugrah Putra Saputra, Muhamad Dandy Harjunaseta Hadi Sari, Ardystia Maha Sari, Halima Irianti Puspita Setiawan, Angga Fajar Silaban, Trihol Oky Jones Syawal, Jus Tantisaputri, Intan Archita Taufiq, Muhammad Hasan Tuasikal, Nur Risa Cahyana Umi Khoiroh, Umi Widiana, Niza Yobelita, Naomi Yuhasnita, Angeline