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Journal : Jurnal Media Hukum

PENGATURAN DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM PEMBOIKOTAN DALAM ANTITRUST LAW AMERIKA SERIKAT Anisah, Siti
Jurnal Media Hukum Vol 22, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

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Abstract

Boycott is one of violations in the competition law that eliminating the freedom of parties to enter the market. The aim of it no other than lessened fair competition. Theoretically, the issue related boycott discuss about the approach utilised by the authority to investigate and enforce boycott and its meaning: whether boycott is vertical or horizontal, or both; and what are the criteria of the violations? Given so few references on boycott, this paper attempts to reveal the regulation and the enforcement of it in the United States. It is aimed as reference to regulate and/or to settle the competition law cases of boycott in Indonesia in the future day. The United States does not specifically state boycott in the Antitrust Law. The United States includes boycott as concerted to deal and refuse to deal as ruled in the Section 1 of Sherman Act.
THE USE OF PER SE ILLEGAL APPROACH IN PROVING THE PRICE-FIXING AGREEMENTS IN INDONESIA Anisah, Siti
Media Hukum Vol 27, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

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Abstract

The Indonesia Competition Commission (the ICC) often faces difficulties to find evidence in the form of agreement made by business actors in determining prices. The agreement is the main element to prove the price-fixing which is prohibited under Article 5 of Law No. 5 of 1999. The legal issue discussed in this research is whether the use of per se illegal approach in proving the price-fixing agreement requires direct evidence or it is sufficient with an indirect evidence. This normative study found that the competition authorities still impose sanctions to business actors even though the (legitimate) agreement does not exist. The examination requires an in-depth understanding of economic theories and should prioritize the principle of prudence due to its vulnerability to manipulation. The analysis of Decision No. 08/KPPU-I/2014 and 04/KPPU-I/2016 found that the ICC proved the price-fixing case using indirect evidence and included an analysis of the impact on competition. Both cases indicate that the ICC applied the rule of reason approach because of the difficulties in finding the evidence of the agreement. On the other hand, the ICC applied per se illegal approach in the Decision No. 10/KPPU-L/2009 and 14/KPPU-I/2014 due to the existence of direct evidence.
PENGATURAN DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM PEMBOIKOTAN DALAM ANTITRUST LAW AMERIKA SERIKAT Siti Anisah
Jurnal Media Hukum Vol 22, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmh.2015.0054.173-189

Abstract

Boycott is one of violations in the competition law that eliminating the freedom of parties to enter the market. The aim of it no other than lessened fair competition. Theoretically, the issue related boycott discuss about the approach utilised by the authority to investigate and enforce boycott and its meaning: whether boycott is vertical or horizontal, or both; and what are the criteria of the violations? Given so few references on boycott, this paper attempts to reveal the regulation and the enforcement of it in the United States. It is aimed as reference to regulate and/or to settle the competition law cases of boycott in Indonesia in the future day. The United States does not specifically state boycott in the Antitrust Law. The United States includes boycott as concerted to deal and refuse to deal as ruled in the Section 1 of Sherman Act.
The Use of Per Se Illegal Approach in Proving the Price-Fixing Agreements in Indonesia Siti Anisah
Jurnal Media Hukum Volume 27, Number 1, June 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmh.20200145

Abstract

The Indonesia Competition Commission (the ICC) often faces difficulties to find evidence in the form of agreement made by business actors in determining prices. The agreement is the main element to prove the price-fixing which is prohibited under Article 5 of Law No. 5 of 1999. The legal issue discussed in this research is whether the use of per se illegal approach in proving the price-fixing agreement requires direct evidence or it is sufficient with an indirect evidence. This normative study found that the competition authorities still impose sanctions to business actors even though the (legitimate) agreement does not exist. The examination requires an in-depth understanding of economic theories and should prioritize the principle of prudence due to its vulnerability to manipulation. The analysis of Decision No. 08/KPPU-I/2014 and 04/KPPU-I/2016 found that the ICC proved the price-fixing case using indirect evidence and included an analysis of the impact on competition. Both cases indicate that the ICC applied the rule of reason approach because of the difficulties in finding the evidence of the agreement. On the other hand, the ICC applied per se illegal approach in the Decision No. 10/KPPU-L/2009 and 14/KPPU-I/2014 due to the existence of direct evidence.