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Use of Diction in Monster Inc Movie Antonio Constantino Soares; Rika Purnama Sari; I Gusti Ayu Agung Wira Premagitari
Austronesian: Journal of Language Science & Literature Vol. 1 No. 3 (2022): Austronesian: Journal of Language Science & Literature
Publisher : CV Wahana Publikasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59011/austronesian.1.3.2022.103-118

The research aims to describe the selection and use of vocabulary, the use of word morphological and syntactical aspects and the use of figurative language, especially the speech of the Monster Inc movie’s actors. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The data was taken from the movie of Monster Inc. The data was analyzed based on Miles’ theory, namely data condensation, data display and drawing a conclusion. The results show that non-standard words, informal, showing stronger impressions, and emphasizing certain information tend to use in the movie. Morphologically aspect, words are used in the form of reduplication of words and phrases to emphasize what is being conveyed. Also, it was found that there is no affixation, reduplication, or compounding. Furthermore, syntactically aspect, most sentences are delivered in interrogative sentences, command clauses, complete sentences, exclamations, incomplete sentences, informative sentences, complete informational sentences, ungrammatical sentences, and complex sentences. The last figurative language used in several scenes is idiomatic phrases, metaphors, personification, and similes.

Infixations and Morphological Structure in Makasae Language Soares, Antonio Constantino
Humanities & Language: International Journal of Linguistics, Humanities, and Education Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Humanities & Language: International Journal of Linguistics, Humanities, and Ed
Publisher : Abdul Media Literasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jqxxb454

This study investigates the morphological complexity of the ML, focusing specifically on its system of infixation spoken primarily in Timor-Leste. The ML features are unique use of affixes, such as ‘tuli,’ ‘geri,’ ‘ta,’ and ‘tau,’ which significantly alter the meaning and grammatical structure of verbs. These infixes mark causality, reciprocity, aspect, and action completion. The research adopted a qualitative approach, utilizing elicitation and semi-structured interviews with two to four native speakers as the primary data collection methods. The study reveals systematic patterns in infix placement and its impact on verb meaning, such as transforming verbs into fatal actions, signaling attempted actions, or indicating mutual actions. The findings highlight ML's sophisticated verbal morphology and its potential contribution to Papuan linguistic typology. The study suggests further research into dialectal variations, as well as the development of resources for language preservation and teaching.

The Role of Particles in Command, Question, and Emphasis in Makasae Antonio Constantino Soares; Noviyanti
Journal Scientific of Mandalika (JSM) e-ISSN 2745-5955 | p-ISSN 2809-0543 Vol. 6 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Penelitian dan Pengembangan Mandalika Indonesia (IP2MI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/10.36312/vol6iss8pp2160-2168

This study explores the syntactic and pragmatic roles of particles in the Makasae language, focusing on sentence-final particles such as “di,” “ara,” “gau,” “apa,” and “tai.” Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data was collected through semi-structured interviews and elicitation tasks with native speakers. The data analysis utilized descriptive, pragmatic, and comparative methods to examine how these particles contribute to sentence meaning, particularly in terms of commanding, questioning, emphasizing, and negating actions. The findings reveal that "ara" marks imperative mood, while "di" adds emphasis or negates actions. Particles "apa" and "tai" are used to form yes/no questions, with "apa" typically indicating general questions and "tai" used to inquire about specific actions. Additionally, "gau" helps specify the object of the action in both commands and questions. The combination of "di" and "ara" intensifies the imperative, adding force to commands. These particles play a critical role in structuring communication, allowing speakers to convey nuanced meanings in various contexts.This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the functional versatility of particles in Makasae, offering valuable insights into their syntactic and pragmatic use. It also sets the stage for further research on the linguistic structures of Timor-Leste’s indigenous languages.

A comparative study of Tetum prepositions and Makasae postpositions Soares, Antonio Constantino
Humanities & Language: International Journal of Linguistics, Humanities, and Education Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Humanities & Language: International Journal of Linguistics, Humanities, and Ed
Publisher : Abdul Media Literasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/m33yhr67

This study examines the syntactic roles of prepositions in Tetum and postpositions in Makasae, with a focus on their functions in conveying spatial and relational concepts. Tetum, an Austronesian language spoken in East Timor, and Makasae, a Trans-New Guinea language spoken in Timor-Leste's eastern districts, employ different syntactic structures for conveying relationships between noun phrases and other sentence elements. While Tetum uses prepositions such as "iha" (at) that precede the noun phrase, Makasae uses postpositions such as "isi e'e," "isi we'e," and "isi wo'i," which follow the noun phrase to express similar spatial relations. The research employs a qualitative methodology, using elicitation and interviews with native speakers of both languages. Native speakers of Makasae were asked to produce sentences using "isi e'e," "isi we'e," and "isi wo'i" in various syntactic contexts, while interviews provided insights into the intuitive use of these postpositions across different speech settings. The collected data was analyzed thematically to identify patterns in the syntactic behavior of these postpositions and to compare them with the prepositional system of Tetum. Findings reveal that "isi e'e," "isi we'e," and "isi wo'i" function similarly to prepositions in English, such as "in" or "at," but differ in their syntactic placement, as they follow the noun phrase in Makasae. This contrasts with the prepositional structure of Tetum, where prepositions like "iha" precede the noun phrase. Despite these syntactic differences, both languages convey spatial and relational meaning effectively, highlighting the typological diversity within the Austronesian and Papuan language families.

An Addressing System on Tetum Language Antonio Constantino Soares
Journal Scientific of Mandalika (JSM) e-ISSN 2745-5955 | p-ISSN 2809-0543 Vol. 6 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Penelitian dan Pengembangan Mandalika Indonesia (IP2MI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/10.36312/vol6iss10pp4127-4133

This study explores the addressing system in Tetum Dili, a prominent variety of the Tetum language spoken in Timor-Leste. Grounded in sociolinguistic and cultural-linguistic frameworks, the research investigates how forms of address reflect social relationships, cultural norms, and communicative values within Timorese society. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with native speakers, autoethnographic reflection, and analysis of naturally occurring speech in public events such as wedding ceremonies. The findings reveal that Tetum Dili employs a rich repertoire of address terms, including those based on kinship, honorifics, borrowed forms from Portuguese and Indonesian, and even culturally embedded disrespectful terms used in both friendly and conflictual contexts. These address forms serve as powerful markers of social status, intimacy, respect, and cultural identity. The study underscores the importance of address systems in understanding language use in multicultural and postcolonial contexts, and it advocates for further documentation to support language preservation and education

Use of Diction in Monster Inc Movie Antonio Constantino Soares; Rika Purnama Sari; I Gusti Ayu Agung Wira Premagitari
Austronesian: Journal of Language Science & Literature Vol. 1 No. 3 (2022): Austronesian: Journal of Language Science & Literature
Publisher : CV Wahana Publikasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59011/austronesian.1.3.2022.103-118

The research aims to describe the selection and use of vocabulary, the use of word morphological and syntactical aspects and the use of figurative language, especially the speech of the Monster Inc movie’s actors. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The data was taken from the movie of Monster Inc. The data was analyzed based on Miles’ theory, namely data condensation, data display and drawing a conclusion. The results show that non-standard words, informal, showing stronger impressions, and emphasizing certain information tend to use in the movie. Morphologically aspect, words are used in the form of reduplication of words and phrases to emphasize what is being conveyed. Also, it was found that there is no affixation, reduplication, or compounding. Furthermore, syntactically aspect, most sentences are delivered in interrogative sentences, command clauses, complete sentences, exclamations, incomplete sentences, informative sentences, complete informational sentences, ungrammatical sentences, and complex sentences. The last figurative language used in several scenes is idiomatic phrases, metaphors, personification, and similes.

The Intensifiers on Makasae and English Languages António Constantino Soares; Atánasio António Gusmáo Freitas Belo
Journal Scientific of Mandalika (JSM) e-ISSN 2745-5955 | p-ISSN 2809-0543 Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Penelitian dan Pengembangan Mandalika Indonesia (IP2MI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/10.36312/vol6iss1pp136-141

This research aimed to investigate the intensifiers on Makasae and English languages. This topic was sellected in order to find out the similarities and differences of using intensifiers on both Makasae and English languages. Typologically, both Makasae and English languages have different word order syntactically. This research applied qualitative method which also involves annotating transcripts or written texts to highlight and explain the use of intensifiers and their effects on meaning. Direct Elicitation was used by providing the examples of sentences used, including the specific intensifiers. The other technique used is sentence completion tasks which aimed to complete incomplete sentences by filling in the gaps with appropriate intensifiers. After all the data collected, then they were analysed qualitaitvely by using deletetion and reduction techniques.

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