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An experiment was carried out to ascertain the role of propionate on glucose synthesis using eight Brahman steers which were equipped with rumen and abomasal cannulae and fed a basal diet consisted of barley straw ad libitum, 150 g/head/d mineral mix and 500 ml molasses. In addition, 75 g urea dissolved in 1500 ml water was infused continuously to rumen to satisfy the requirement for rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN) using a peristaltic pump. Two animals served as control while the other six recei Hendrawan Soetanto
Media Veteriner Vol. 6 No. 2 (1999): Media Veteriner
Publisher : Media Veteriner

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An experiment was carried out to ascertain the role of propionate on glucose synthesis using eight Brahman steers which were equipped with rumen and abomasal cannulae and fed a basal diet consisted of barley straw ad libitum, 150 g/head/d mineral mix and 500 ml molasses. In addition, 75 g urea dissolved in 1500 ml water was infused continuously to rumen to satisfy the requirement for rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN) using a peristaltic pump. Two animals served as control while the other six received, respectively, 100, 150, 200, 250, 400, and 500 g/h/d sodium propionate which were dissolved in urea. Following three weeks adaptation period, an indwelling catheter was inserted into both sides of jugular veins and about 24 hour latter each animal received a bolus injection of 0.3 mCi 2_3H glucose via one of their jugular vein catheter. Blood samples were withdrawn from the other side of the catether at intervals of 30,60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes starting at the onset of 2_3H glucose administration. These samples were then assayed to allow a calculation of glucose entry rate (GER) assuming that the decay of specific radioactivity of 2_3H glucose followed a first order kinetic. The conversion efficiency of propionate to glucose synthesis was calculated by the difference between the increment of GER and the amount of propionate infused. The results showed that propionate infusion was associated with increased glucose entry and utilisation. The highest level of propionate infusion doubled the GER over that of control animals. This suggests that substantial amount of propionate had been converted into glucose. However, the increment in GER could not be accounted fully from the amount of propionate infused suggesting that the endogenous glucose entry varied markedly between animals. The conversion efficiency of propionate to glucose in this experiment ranged from -0.9 to 1.22.

The Potential of Bioactive Compound Moringa Leaf to Improve Rabbit Reproductive Performance Setiasih Setiasih; Ahmad Mualif Abdurrahman; Hendrawan Soetanto
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Moringa leaf is a potential animal feed material because it has a complete nutrient content as well as many bioactive compounds. Among its bioactive compounds are phytosterols and isoflavones. This paper aims to describe the importance of moringa leaf as feed supplementation to improve rabbit reproductive performance. The bioactive compounds in moringa leaf have an important role to trigger reproductive hormones.. Phytosterols have a chemical structure similar to that of cholesterol that can be used as precursors of steroid hormones (testosterone, estradiol and progesterone). Isoflavones are one of the flavonoid compounds, also have estrogenic activity and are able to bind with estrogen receptors i.e. ER-α and ER-β. Because of these bioactive compounds, moringa leaves are potential to be utilized as feed supplements as aphrodisiac for bucks, stimulating estrous, and increasing litter size and milk production of does, reduce mortality and increase weaning weight and average daily gain of bunnies.

PRODUKSI GAS IN VITRO ASAM AMINO METIONIN TERPROTEKSI DENGAN SERBUK MIMOSA SEBAGAI SUMBER CONDENSED TANNIN (CT) amiril mukmin; Hendrawan Soetanto; Kusmartono Kusmartono; Mashudi Mashudi
TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production Vol 15, No 2 (2014): TERNAK TROPIKA
Publisher : Jurusan Produksi Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya

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The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect mimosa powder as CT source to protect methionine from degradation using in-vitro gas production technique. Four treatments were assigned in a Randomized Block Design: T0 = methionine + 0% CT; T1 = methionine + 6% CT; T2 = methionine + 8% CT; T3 = methionine + 10% CT. Gas production was measured at time intervals and terminated after 48 hour incubation. The results showed that gas production was decreased as the level CT increased. The corresponding values for gas production at 48 hour were respectively 23.58 ml/500mg (P0); 22.37 ml/500mg (P1); 21.54 ml/500mg (P2); and 20.62 ml/500mg (P3). It can be concluded that mimosa powder can be used as CT source to protect methionine from rumen microbes degradation. It is suggested to do further studies on the effect of adding protected methionine in a complete ration on animal production. Keyword: Methionine, condensed tannin (CT), in-vitro gas production

In vitro gas production and its prediction on metabolize energy of complete feed using rumen fluid of three Indigenous cattle as inoculum taken from abattoir Rizka Muizzu Aprilia; Shavira Kusherawaty; Hendrawan Soetanto
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science) Vol 31, No 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2021.031.02.10

In vitro gas production (IVGP) technique has been routinely used to evaluate the nutritional value of ruminant feed. The pre-requisite of using rumen fluid from fistulae animals is now facing a raising pressure from the animal welfare organization to ban this practice. Alternatively, rumen fluid (RF) from abattoir has been suggested to be used as source of inoculum by a number of scientists. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of rumen fluid taken from cattle that were slaughtered at Surabaya abattoir as inoculum for IVGP measurement and its prediction on metabolic energy (ME) of a complete feed. Fresh rumen fluid of three indigenous cattle, namely Ongole Cross Breed (OCB), Madura (MC) and Bali Cattle (BC) was transferred into a vacuum thermo flask and immediately transported to the animal nutrition laboratory of Brawijaya University for further processes to measure IVGP of complete feed in a completely randomized block design with two replicates each. Gas production was monitored at time intervals and terminated after 48 hours incubation in the oxygen-free glass syringes at 38°C. Feed degradability was calculated by gravimetric method at 48 hours, while prediction of ME content was based on 24 h GP and estimated using the equation described by Menke and Steingass (1979).The results demonstrated that inoculum from OCB resulted in the superiority in all parameters, namely total GP (ml/500 mg DM), potential of GP (ml/500 mg DM), rate constant of gas production for insoluble fraction (ml/hour), and estimated ME content (MJ/DM) compared with MC and BC. Based on these findings it can be concluded that the fermentation process of complete feed in the rumen of OCB is more efficient than MC and BC which reflects to the more efficient interaction among rumen microbes to ferment the feed ingredients.

Identification of protozoa in the rumen of indonesian indigenous cattle Rizka Muizzu Aprilia; Hendrawan Soetanto
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science) Vol 31, No 3 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2021.031.03.10

Information on the dominant protozoa in local cattle, especially on Ongole Cross-bred, Bali, and Madura Cattle cattle, is still little disclosed in the article. This study aimed to provide information and characteristics of the dominant protozoa in the rumen of local cattle. The material used in the form of digesta and rumen fluid collected from abatoar Pegirian, Surabaya city, East Java. The method used is observation under an electron microscope (10 x 10) using a Sedgewick Rafter counting chamber S52. The results showed that the basal feed given in the form of forage was indicated by the NDF and ADF digesta values. The feed is very closely related to the presence of the dominant genus of protozoa. The dominant genus of OCB and Bali Cattle is Eudiplodinium, while in Madura cattle, it is the genus Entodinium

Genetic Diversity Evaluation of Moringa oleifera, Lam from East Flores Regency Using Marker Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Its Relationship to Chemical Composition and In Vitro Gas Production Markus Miten Kleden; Hendrawan Soetanto; Kusmartono Kusmartono; Kuswanto Kuswanto
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 39, No 2 (2017): JUNE
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v39i2.1027

The research objective was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Moringa oleifera, Lam (MO) and its relationship to chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP). Fresh MO leaves were kept frozen in ice gels pack until laboratory analysis. Four methods applied: RAPD marker for measuring DNA concentration and purification; Kjeldhal and HPLC for analysing proximate and amino acid (AA) composition; and IVGP. MO’s four distinct morphology found: green, red, reddish green and aromatic green. RAPD result analysis was 68.8-74.7 %, it means those MO had a close genetic similarity. The morphological differences are also related to leaves chemical composition variation. The highest protein and AAs content were found in aromatic green MO. Total IVGP at 96 hours reached 95.9, 99.3, 111, 115 mL per 500 mg DM in aromatic green, green, reddish green, red MO, respectively and statistically among those was highly significant difference (P<0.01). However, DM and OM digestibility did not differ significantly and estimated ME contents were similar suggesting MO leaves had sufficient fermentable nitrogen amount required to ensure rumen microbes normal activities. Conclusively, those MO has a close genetic relationship but the aromatic green MO more beneficial due its higher content of crude protein and AAs.

Omics Technology for Genetic Selection Towards Feed Efficiency Traits of Indigenous Cattle in Indonesia: A Review Hendrawan Soetanto; Fatchiyah
Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): JNT Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis September
Publisher : Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jnt.2023.006.02.6

Indigenous cattle in Indonesia seldom to reach their genetic potentials due to an interaction impact of harsh tropical climate and low-quality feed. Some indigenous breeds of cattle in Indonesia, such as Bali, Madura and Crossbred Ongole have demonstrated their successful adaptation to survive in the harsh environment, but their ultimate performances are still considered less than their genetic potentials when reared under comfortable environment like in the sub-tropical climate. This is primarily due to inefficient fermentation of feed originating from inadequate supply of essential nutrients required for optimum growth of microbes in the forestomach. A rapid advancement of omics technology has been the driver for ruminant nutritionists to use such a technology to study the interrelationship between nutrients and particular genes associated with the biochemical pathways of nutrients at molecular levels. This review highlights the current issues and challenges on the use of omics technologies to improve the efficiency of feed utilization by cattle consuming low-quality diets and its potential to be used in the genetic selection program.

In Vitro Gas Production and Rumen Degradability of Lactating Dairy Cow’s Rations Containing Three Different Grasses Pramita, Melyndra Sonya; Soetanto, Hendrawan
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis Vol 9, No 2 (2022): JITRO, May
Publisher : Universitas Halu Oleo

This research aimed to ascertain whether dwarf elephant grass (DEG) is compatible to substitute the common forages, viz. elephant grass (EG) and maize stover (MS) in the dairy cow rations (denote as R) using in vitro gas production (IVGP) technique. A completely randomized block design was applied to 4 feeding regimes and 3 replicates, viz. R1 consisted of 40% concentrate (C) + 30% MS + 30% EG; R2: 40% C + 30% MS + 30% DEG; R3: 40%C + 60% EG; and R4: 40% C + 60% DEG. The results showed that rations containing DEG improved both DM and OM degradabilities concomitant with increased in rumen efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS). Nevertheless, total and potential of gas production (GP) were higher in rations containing MS than other counterparts suggesting that there was a diverting usage of ROMD available for GP and EMPS. In conclusion, the use of DEG in dairy rations is recommended.

Community Education on Coffee Pulp Utilization for the Benefits of Green Economy Improvement Soetanto, Hendrawan; Aprilia, Rizka Muizzu; Huda, Asri Nurul; Ritonga, Azra Salsabila; Hendrawan, Viski Fitri
International Journal of Community Service Learning Vol. 7 No. 3 (2023): Agustus
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/ijcsl.v7i3.66995

The rapid development of Bondowoso regency as coffee production has created serious problems on environmental pollution due to improper and unacceptable coffee pulp (CoP) dumping along the roadside and plantation areas. This study aimed at community education to process CoP into valuable feeed ingredients for ruminant animals and concomitantly reduce the environmental pollution. The methodological approach used a survey, focus group discussion and direct demoplot at the center of coffee farmer’s region at Sukorejo village, Sumberwringin sub-district. The results showed that almost exclusively the coffee farmers had no prior knowledge on the utilization of CoP as feed ingredients for ruminant animals and the practice of CoP dumping along the roadside and plantation area was associated with the lack of manpower to handle it particularly during the peak harvesting time.The introduction of technology utilizing alkaline ammonia in the form of NaOH to treat CoP during the demo plot activity revealed that the quality of CoP as represented by the crude protein content and the dry matter digestibility increased by 32.5 % and 63.4 %, respectively indicating that this new product can play a pivotal role as feed ingredients for formulation of ruminant animal’s ration. Additionally, this can be sold at higher price than CoP without treatment which is normally sold at 1,200 IDR/kg and hence it becomes an additional source of income.

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