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ESG Controversies in ASEAN-5: The Role of Board Structure and Governance Characteristics Nisak, Choirun; Solikhah, Badingatus
Jurnal Akuntansi Vol. 30 No. 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Tarumanagara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24912/ja.v30i1.3509

Abstract

This study analyzes the effects of corporate governance mechanisms on ESG controversies among non-financial ASEAN-5 firms from 2021–2024, with firm size as a moderator. Using a Fixed Effects Model with PCSE, the findings show that audit committee independence and board gender diversity significantly reduce ESG controversies, whereas board independence increases controversy exposure due to greater transparency. CEO duality exhibits a marginally positive effect. Firm size weakens the positive effects of CEO duality, audit committee independence, and gender diversity, while reducing the adverse effect of board independence. Robustness tests confirm the consistency of results. Overall, the study emphasizes that the role of governance in mitigating ESG controversies depends on organizational scale and institutional context.
APAKAH PERTUMBUHAN PERUSAHAAN MEMODERASI PRAKTIK KEBERLANJUTAN, KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL, DAN KESULITAN KEUANGAN AKIBAT PENGHINDARAN PAJAK PERUSAHAAN? Putri Anasyah, Abela; Solikhah, Badingatus
CURRENT: Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi dan Bisnis Terkini Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Current : Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi dan Bisnis Terkini
Publisher : Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/current.7.1.229-244

Abstract

Corporate Tax Avoidance (CTA) remains a critical issue in developing countries such as Indonesia, where fiscal capacity heavily depends on corporate tax compliance. Prior studies examining the roles of CSR Disclosure (CSRD), Institutional Ownership (IOW), and Financial Distress (FD) on CTA report inconsistent findings and are predominantly limited to specific industries. Addressing this gap, this study investigates the relationships between CSRD, IOW, and FD on CTA, while incorporating Firm Growth (FG) as a moderating variable within a comprehensive cross-industry framework. Using secondary data from Refinitiv, this study analyzes 4,066 firm-year observations of all non-financial firms listed on the IDX 2020-2024. FEM regression is employed. The findings reveal that CSRD and FD are significantly positively associated with higher CTA, whereas IOW significantly constrains CTA. FG as a moderator significantly weakens the positive relationship of FD-CTA, but does not moderate CSRD or IOW effects. Robustness tests confirm result stability. Using a large cross-industry sample in a developing country, this study reduces sectoral bias in prior research. This study contributes it extends agency theory by showing that firm growth conditions distress-driven CTA.
Intangible Assets, Bonus Mechanism, Debt Covenant, and Transfer Pricing: Moderating Role of Board Gender Diversity Hastuti, Dila Dwi; Solikhah, Badingatus
SENTRALISASI Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33506/sl.v15i2.5336

Abstract

This study examines the effects of intangible assets, bonus mechanisms, and debt covenants on transfer pricing and the moderating role of board gender diversity. Using panel data from 840 non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2020–2024 (4,200 firm-year observations), the analysis employs panel data regression. This study offers two main novelties. First, while most prior studies focus on direct determinants of transfer pricing, existing literature rarely examines board gender diversity as a moderating variable in the relationships between intangible assets, bonus mechanisms, debt covenants, and transfer pricing. Second, this study uses a comprehensive sample of all non-financial companies, providing more representative evidence of transfer pricing practices in Indonesia. The results show that intangible assets, bonus mechanisms, and debt covenants have a significant positive effect on transfer pricing. Board gender diversity weakens the influence of intangible assets and debt covenants, suggesting enhanced monitoring and governance effectiveness, but strengthens the effect of bonus mechanisms, indicating that incentive-driven performance pressures may override governance controls. The findings contribute to the transfer pricing and corporate governance literature by demonstrating the dual role of board gender diversity. Practically, the results provide insights for regulators, tax authorities, and companies in designing governance mechanisms and compensation policies to mitigate transfer pricing risks. Future research is encouraged to incorporate additional variables, apply more comprehensive measures of gender diversity, and use more detailed transfer pricing documentation. 
THE IMPACT OF OWNERSHIP, DEBT COVENANTS, AND TAX BURDEN ON TRANSFER PRICING: EVIDENCE OF INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP AS A MODERATOR Rizki Maneges, Gladis; Solikhah, Badingatus
Jurnal Akuntansi Trisakti Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Februari
Publisher : Lembaga Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/jat.v13i1.24818

Abstract

Transfer pricing is a crucial issue in profit allocation, corporate governance of multinational firms, and tax management. This study examines how foreign ownership, debt covenants, and corporate tax burden affect transfer pricing, using institutional ownership as a moderating variable. Using moderated regression analysis, the sample comprises 4,083 firm-year observations of non-financial firms registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2020 and 2024. The results of this study indicate a positive effect of foreign ownership, debt agreements, and corporate tax burden on transfer pricing. Institutional ownership does not moderate the effect between debt covenants and transfer pricing, but weakens the effect between foreign ownership and corporate tax burden on transfer pricing. These findings suggest that transfer pricing practices are related to ownership structure, financial pressures, and tax incentives, with internal governance mechanisms potentially acting as moderators. This study extends agency theory and positive accounting theory by offering practical insights for regulators in strengthening oversight mechanisms for multinational corporations.