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All Journal Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Jurnal Zeolit Indonesia Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Kimia Padjadjaran Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik: Majalah Ilmiah
Subagjo Subagjo
Center for Handicraft and Batik
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences

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PRODUCTION OF Y AND USY ZEOLITE FOR THE ACTIVE COMPONENT OF CRACKING CATALYST Subagjo, Subagjo
Jurnal Zeolit Indonesia Vol 7, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Jurnal Zeolit Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (365.145 KB)

Abstract

Standard Y zeolite has been prepared from sodium aluminate as an alumina source and Cab-O-Sil or sodium silicate as a silicate source. This study in particular aimed to obtain a reliable procedure to produce Y zeolite with Si/Al ratio ≥5. The resulted zeolite was then converted into Ultra Stable Y Zeolite (USY) through hydrothermal dealumination at high temperature. The study managed to procure a formulae and procedure to produce a zeolite Y which has SiO2/Al2O3 > 5 and a very stable USY. The procedure succeeded in obtaining synthesized USY that is ready to use as an active phase of cracking catalyst by combining it with other components which are matrix (modified clay and active matrix) and additives (ZSM- 5).
Synthesis of NaY Zeolite Using Mixed Calcined Kaolins Subagjo, Subagjo; Rahayu, Endang Sri; Samadhi, Tjokorde Walmiki; Gunawan, Melia Laniwati
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 47, No 6 (2015)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (257.138 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2015.47.6.4

Abstract

Kaolin is one of several types of clay minerals. The most common crystalline phase constituting kaolin minerals is kaolinite, with the chemical composition Al2Si2O5(OH)4. Kaolin is mostly used for manufacturing traditional ceramics and also to synthesize zeolites or molecular sieves. The Si-O and Al-O structures in kaolin are inactive and inert, so activation by calcination is required. This work studies the conversion of kaolin originating from Bangka island in Indonesia into calcined kaolin phase as precursor in NaY zeolite synthesis. In the calcination process, the kaolinite undergoes phase transformations from metakaolin to mullite. The Bangka kaolin is 74.3% crystalline, predominantly composed of kaolinite, and 25.7% amorphous, with an SiO2/Al2O3 mass ratio of 1.64. Thermal characterization using simultaneous DSC/TGA identified an endothermic peak at 527°C and an exothermic peak at 1013°C. Thus, three calcination temperatures (700, 1013, and 1050 °C) were selected to produce calcined kaolins with different phase distributions. The best product, with 87.8% NaY zeolite in the 54.7% crystalline product and an SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of 5.35, was obtained through hydrothermal synthesis using mixed calcined kaolins with a composition of K700C : K1013C : K1050C = 10 : 85 : 5 in %-mass, with seed addition, at a temperature of 93 °Cand a reaction time of 15 hours.
Kinetika Reaksi Hidrogenasi Ester Lemak Menjadi Alkohol Lemak Dengan Katalis Tembaga- Mangan Gunawan, Melia Laniwati; Makertihartha, IGBN; Subagjo, Subagjo
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 8 No 1 (2020): Edisi Bulan Mei (Edition for May)
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2020.8-mel

Abstract

Fatty alcohol (FAOH) can be produced by hydrogenating of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using the copper-based catalyst. Copper-Chrom (Cu-Cr) is the best catalyst for high-pressure reaction condition, which is copper (Cu) as the main active component and chrom (Cr) as a promoter. Since Cr is feared to be toxic, one of the best replacement candidates is manganese (Mn). The research aims is to find the kinetic equation of hydrogenation FAME to FAOH using a Cu-Mn commercial catalyst. FAME with methyl laurate and methyl myristate as the main compounds is used as feedstock. The main products are lauryl alcohol and myristyl alcohol. The reaction was carried out in an isothermal continuous fixed bed reactor under conditions of temperature 220 – 240 oC, pressure 50 bar, and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) 5-12.5 hr-1. The kinetic equation is determined using the power law model. The FAME hydrogenation on copper - manganese catalyst is the half order reaction. The activation energy value is 86.32 kJ/mol and the Arrhenius constant value is 5.87x106 M0.5/s.
Y Zeolite-Based Catalyst for Palm Oil Cracking to Produce Gasoline Algifari, Arif; Makertihartha, I. G. B. N.; Subagjo, Subagjo; Prabowo, Heri
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20267

Abstract

The increasing demand for oil fuel and the decline of crude oil reserves highlight the need for alternative energy sources. Palm oil, as a renewable resource, has potential for biofuel production through catalytic cracking. This study aims to develop and evaluate modified zeolite-based catalysts, particularly ZSM-5/HY, to produce palm oil-derived gasoline that meets European fuel standards. The research involved catalyst preparation, modification with ZSM-5 and phosphorus, and activity testing in a fixed-bed reactor. Gasoline yield and catalyst performance were analyzed using gas chromatography. The results showed nearly 100% conversion of palm oil under optimal conditions, with gasoline yield meeting European standard. The addition of ZSM-5 improved conversion and RON, while phosphorus modification reduced catalyst acidity, affecting yield and coke formation. This study concludes that modifying zeolite catalysts with ZSM-5 and phosphorus enables efficient palm oil-derived gasoline production with high RON and reduced aromatic content, contributing to sustainable energy solutions. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Pengembangan Katalis dan Teknologi Produksi BioBTX dari Tandan Kosong Sawit Semeru, Husain Akbar; Subagjo, Subagjo; Rizkiana, Jenny; Winoto, Haryo Pandu; Rasrendra, Carolus Barromeus; Nurrusyda, Fajriana Shafira
Kimia Padjadjaran Vol 1, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Kimia Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Produksi BioBTX (Benzena, Toluena dan Xilena) dari Tandan Kosong Sawit menjadi suatu alternatif menarik dalam produksi bahan kimia berbasis biomassa. Pengaruh katalis dan sumber hidrogen dalam produksi BioBTX telah dipelajari dengan menggunakan reaktor hidrotermal. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan katalis bimetal Nikel-Molibdenum dengan penyangga H-Al-β sebagai asam Brønsted dan Sn-β sebagai asam Lewis dimana asam format dalam etanol (FA-EtOH) dan isopropil alkohol (IPA) digunakan sebagai agen transfer hidrogen. Percobaan dilakukan pada temperatur 300oC selama 1 jam untuk setiap percobaan sumber hidrogen dan katalis. Temperatur reaksi divariasikan pada 225oC, 255oC dan 300oC dengan variasi waktu reaksi 1 dan 2 jam. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan, sistem FA-EtOH memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan sistem IPA yaitu selektifitas eterifikasi pelarut yang lebih rendah baik pada katalis NiMo/H-Al-β dan NiMo/Sn-β. Dari segi katalis, katalis NiMo/H-Al-β memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dibandingkan NiMo/Sn-β baik pada sistem FA-EtOH maupun sistem IPA. Konversi NiMo/H-Al-β tertinggi didapatkan pada sistem IPA sebesar 51,08% dan pada sistem FA-EtOH sebesar 48,66%. Namun pada sistem IPA reaksi cenderung ke arah alkilasi-C cincin aromatik sehingga secara sebaran produk sistem FA-EtOH lebih baik. Adapun pengujian pengaruh temperatur yang dilakukan menggunakan sistem FA-EtOH dengan katalis NiMo/H-Al-β menunjukan penurunan konversi guaiacol dari 48,66% pada 300oC menjadi 24,64% pada 255oC. Adapun pada suhu 225oC, tidak terjadi reaksi pada guaiacol. Toluena terdeteksi pada kondisi operasi 255oC selama 2 jam pada sistem FA-EtOH berkatalis NiMo/H-Al-β.
Investigation of the Effect of Silica and Phosphorus Content on the Performance of Active Matrix as Component of Cracking Catalyst Gunawan, Melia Laniwati; Rasrendra, Carolus Borromeus; Widikrama, Candra Lutfi; Kurniawan, Rizky Gilang; Nisa, Lita Marina; Hudaya, Farhansyah Yusuf Putra; Makertihartha, I G. B. N.; Subagjo, Subagjo
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 56 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.2.3

Abstract

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is a technique that converts heavy-fraction feed into fuel. The FCC catalyst components consist of a composite material made of zeolite, filler, binder, and an active matrix. The active matrix is used as a pre-cracker for the heavy-fraction feed. This study examined the impact of the Si/Al ratio and the addition of phosphorus on the physical properties and activity of the active matrix. The synthesis technique refers to US patent 6723297 B2. The utilized variants consisted of SiO2 ranging from 50 to 80 weight percent and a phosphorous addition ranging from 1 to 2 weight percent. The physical characteristics of the active matrix were assessed using nitrogen physisorption and NH3-Temperature programmed adsorption/desorption techniques. A chemical activity test was conducted using the micro activity test (MAT) method, with vacuum gas oil (VGO) as the feedstock. This test was done in accordance with the ASTM D 5154 – 03 standard. The results indicated that the silica composition in the active matrix is directly related to the average pore diameter but inversely related to the specific surface area. Additionally, the inclusion of phosphorus had a similar impact. The silica-alumina-phosphorous variant containing 75%-wt of SiO2 exhibited the most superior active matrix activity, achieving the maximum acquisition of light cycle oil (LCO) at 33%-wt.
Pengolahan Kulit Kerang untuk Bahan Baku Kerajinan Pristiwati, Endang; Subagjo, Subagjo
Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik: Majalah Ilmiah Vol. 26 (2009): Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik
Publisher : Balai Besar Standardisasi dan Pelayanan Jasa Industri Kerajinan dan Batik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22322/dkb.v26i1.1033

Abstract

Kulit kerang (cangkang) untuk dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai kerajinan perlu diolah terlebih dahulu. Pengolahan ini dimaksudkan untuk menghilangkan kotoran, bau dan menghilangkan lapisan kulit luar agar supaya lapisan kulit mutiara (kulit dalam) bisa nampak. Pengolahan kulit kerang dapat dilakukan dengan cara kimia dan mekanik. Pengolahan kulit kerang cara kimia dilakukan dengan merendam didalam larutan asam klorida atau cuka. Sedangkan cara mekanik dilakukan dengan menggunakan gerinda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan dengan cara kimia mudah dilaksanakan, waktu lebih singkat (247 menit/4 kg/orang), tidak memerlukan ketrampilan namun menimbulkan limbah cair. Pengolahan dengan cara mekanik memerlukan ketrampilan, waktu lebih lama (425 menit/4 kg/orang), tidak menimbulkan limbah cair tetapi menimbulkan limbah padat.
Co-Authors Algifari, Arif Endang Pristiwati Endang Sri Rahayu Heri Prabowo Hudaya, Farhansyah Yusuf Putra IGBN Makertihartha Kurniawan, Rizky Gilang Makertihartha, I G. B. N. Makertihartha, I. G. B. N. Melia Laniwati Gunawan Nisa, Lita Marina Nurrusyda, Fajriana Shafira Rasrendra, Carolus Barromeus Rasrendra, Carolus Borromeus Rizkiana, Jenny Semeru, Husain Akbar Tjokorde Walmiki Samadhi Widikrama, Candra Lutfi Winoto, Haryo Pandu