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Impact of COVID-19 on Economic Activities and Poverty Threats in the Asia-Pacific Region Saddam Rassanjani; Novialdi Risky; Dahlawi Maz; Wais Alqarni; Muhammad Achdan Tharis
Policy & Governance Review Vol 5 No 1 (2021): January
Publisher : Indonesian Association for Public Administration

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30589/pgr.v5i1.353

This paper discusses the impact caused by a virus outbreak called coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The virus initially appeared in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, then spread throughout the world, including the Asia-Pacific Region (APR). COVID-19 is believed to have damaged health and the global economy. Unlike the crisis that was caused by many previous disruptions, the impact caused by COVID-19 is wider and bigger. Many economic sectors have been paralyzed and suffered losses, such as production and trade. Export-import cooperation has become a dependency between countries, and this has also been hampered due to the rapid spread of this pandemic. Then, the closure of transportation access and the suggestion to stay at home has made the tourism sector sluggish. Meanwhile, another effect of this pandemic is the emergence of new poor groups due to the rise in layoffs. This study uses qualitative research methods to search for theoretical references relevant to cases or problems found in various works of literature, mainly scientific journals, books, reports, and actual and trusted news on the internet. This study aims to explore the potential of COVID-19 that not only threatens health, but also social, political, and economic spheres. From the analysis, it was concluded that COVID-19 could inhibit all global socio- economic activities that threaten the success of realizing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but on the other hand, this pandemic can also be momentum for a more sustainable life order.

State and Islamic Law: A Study of Legal Politics on Zakat as a Tax Deduction in Aceh Mahdi Syahbandir; Wais Alqarni; Syahrizal Abbas; Bukhari Ali; Fauzan Samad
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 22, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v22i1.26200

This study examines zakat (obligatory charity) as a tax deduction in Aceh. Currently, the existing legal rule stipulates that zakat paid by muzakkī (zakat payers) to the National Zakat Board (BAZNAS) and Zakat Official Institution (LAZ) is deducted from taxable income. However, this rule has not been applied since there is no Government Regulation. This empirical legal study used a statutory approach, analyzing the point of view of legal politics theory. This study concludes that the State and Islamic Law in Aceh are closely related to the political context of Indonesian law. The government regulations from the Old Order to the Reform Era related to Islamic Law or Muslims have been greatly influenced by political configurations. When the configuration is democratic, the legal character embraces democratic values and vice versa. As a result, the legal regulations regarding zakat have not yet been enforced due to the strong political configuration. However, referring to the arguments and logic of legal politics that the government is democratic towards the aspirations in Aceh, the Governmental Regulation Draft/Rancangan Peraturan Pemerintah (RPP) for Zakat as Tax Deduction will strengthen the previous legal rule, stipulating zakat as a tax deduction factor. The unification of zakat and taxes in one legal instrument by the government, which has political and structural authority, will be able to realize justice and economic and social welfare of the community as the primary goal of zakat. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji zakat sebagai faktor pengurang pajak di Aceh. Berdasarkan aturan hukum yang ada bahwa zakat yang dibayarkan oleh muzaki kepada BAZNAS atau LAZ dikurangkan dari penghasilan kena pajak. Namun sampai saat ini aturan ini belum teraplikasi karena belum ada Peraturan Pemerintah. Kajian ini merupakan studi hukum empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, dianalisis dari sudut teori politik hukum. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hubungan antara agama, negara, dan hukum Islam di Aceh memiliki kaitan yang erat dengan konteks politik hukum Indonesia secara umum. Aturan pemerintah yang terkait dengan hukum Islam atau umat Islam sejak masa orde lama bahkan sampai reformasi dipengaruhi oleh konfigurasi politik, jika konfigurasinya demokratis maka karakter hukumnya juga demokratis begitu juga sebaliknya. Karena itu, aturan hukum tentang zakat tersebut sampai saat ini masih belum dapat diberlakukan karena kuatnya konfigurasi politik. Mengacu pada argumen dan logika politik hukum, pemerintah bersikap demokratis terhadap aspirasi di Aceh dengan membuat Rancangan Peraturan Pemerintah (RPP) tentang Zakat sebagai Pengurangan Pajak yang akan menguatkan aturan hukum sebelumnya, yaitu zakat sebagai faktor pengurang pajak. Penyatuan zakat dan pajak dalam satu instrumen hukum oleh pemerintah yang memiliki kewenangan politik dan struktural akan dapat mewujudkan keadilan dan kesejahteraan ekonomi dan sosial masyarakat sebagai tujuan utama zakat.

Managing creativity and innovation in the 4th industrial revolution: Learning from giants Saddam Rassanjani; Herizal Herizal; Mukhrijal Mukhrijal; Wais Alqarni; Bustami Usman
Journal of Innovation in Business and Economics Vol. 5 No. 01 (2021): Journal of Innovation in Business and Economics
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/jibe.v5i01.15390

This article highlights an idea of the importance of creativity and innovation in the face of a change that will inevitably occur in global competition, where technological sophistication is the main prerequisite to lead. The research relies on secondary data primarily from books, journals, published reports, online news, and others. This study observes business giants like Google as the best example of maximizing creativity and innovation in global competition and kitabisa.com as Indonesia's local social entrepreneurship pioneer. Then Nokia and Yahoo are examples of failure to implement creativity and innovation. From many theories, there are four theories to draw the relationship among creativity, innovation, and technology, namely: technology S-curve, punctuated equilibrium, dominant design, and absorptive capacity. However, many theories of creativity and innovation developed by scientists have their advantages and disadvantages. This study is expected to provide new insight for individuals, groups, practitioners, or stakeholders to overcome industrial revolution challenges.

Dynamics of Asymmetric Decentralization on the Implementation of Regional Autonomy in Aceh Wais Alqarni; Muhammad Suhail Ghifari; Yuspani Asemki; Muhammad Rizki; Bela Safira; Isti Nindiah; Melida Rosa; Nuzulul Rahmi; Restu Fadhil; Wahyuni Wahyuni
Journal of Governance and Public Policy Vol 9, No 3 (2022): October 2022
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jgpp.v9i3.13769

Decentralization is a global trend whose presence is believed to be able to overcome various problems in modern and unitary countries. The concept of asymmetry developed from the concept of asymmetric federation which was introduced by Charles Tarlton in 1965. Asymmetric decentralization is not an ordinary delegation of authority in the form of transfers, but in the form of special powers that are only given to certain regions. Aceh is one of the provinces that received or bears the status of a special autonomous region because it is seen from the journey that the province of Aceh has gone through as well as considerations from the history, socio-culture of its people and politics. Aceh's status as a special autonomous region may not work as expected if the central government and the Aceh provincial government do not carry out optimally in accordance with the mandate of Law no. 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh was implemented. A truly optimal implementation is needed so that it will produce what is expected. This research method is carried out by means of a literature study with strong and accountable references

State Authority for Management of Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah as Locally-Generated Revenue: A Case Study at Baitul Mal in Aceh Mahdi Syahbandir; Wais Alqarni; Dahlawi MAZ; Abdul Hakim; Bunyamin Muhiddin
Al-Ihkam, Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Vol 17 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v17i2.7229

Aceh is a region with an autonomy in implementing Islamic law (sharia) and Baitul Mal is one of the institutions formed by the local government to support it. This article aims to discuss the authority of the state in managing zakat, infaq, and sadaqah (ZIS), and describe the authority of the Baitul Mal in managing ZIS as locally-generated revenue (PAD) in Aceh. The study used a case study approach by using the theory of authority as an analytical tool. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews and document studies. The informants interviewed were the staff of the Baitul Mal and the staff management of the Ulema Consultative Council (MPU) in Pidie Regency and Sabang City. It found that the state, in this case, Baitul Mal, has the authority to manage ZIS which can be treated as PAD. This practice has contributed to poverty alleviation, scholarships, business capital, and community economic empowerment in Aceh. To facilitate the management of zakat funds, lex specialis can be applied as a position of Islamic law in the national legal framework.

Peran Pemerintah Aceh Dalam Mendukung Standarisasi Kopi Menurut Konsep Value Chain Governance Wais Alqarni; Farnanda Farnanda; Said Hamzali
Journal of Governance and Social Policy Vol 1, No 2 (2020): DECEMBER 2020
Publisher : Department of Government Studies, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Provinsi Aceh merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang memiliki potensi kopi yang bercita rasa tinggi. Komoditi ini menjadi banyak memberikan kontribusi dalam perolehan devisa kepada negara. Peneliti menarik melihat Peran Pemerintah Aceh Dalam Mendukung Standarisasi Kopi Menurut Konsep Value Chain Governance. Sampel penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara studi pustaka dengan referensi yang kuat dan bisa dipertanggung jawabkan. Adapun konsep yang penulis gunakan dalam melihat standarisasi tersebut adalah konsep Governance of Value Chain dengan berfokus pada rule-keeping dan rule-making, yang di dalamnya terdapat peran pemerintah dan juga pihak swasta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiga variasi peran pemerintah (eksekutif, legislatif dan yudikatif) belum berjalan maksimal. Hal ini terlihat dengan belum bersinerginya ketiga lembaga tersebut dalam melakukan peran untuk standarisasi ekspor kopi. Ini juga yang mengakibatkan belum maksimalnya pendapatan daerah dari hasil ekspor kopi. The province of Aceh is one of provinces in Indonesia that have the potential coffee high flavor. Commodity this be contributed a lot in foreign exchange earnings to the state. Researchers interesting look at the Role of the Government of Aceh In Support of the Standardization of Coffee According to the Concept of Value Chain Governance. Sample this research was conducted by means of literature with strong references and can be accounted for. As for the concept that the authors use in view of standardization is the concept of Governance of the Value Chain with focus on rule-keeping and rule-making, that in it there is the role of the government and also private parties. The results showed that the three variations of the role of government (executive, legislative and judicial) has not been running optimally. It is seen with yet the synergy of the three institutions in performing the role for the standardization of the export of coffee. This also resulted in not maximum revenue from the proceeds of coffee exports.

Pengelolaan Dana Otonomi Khusus Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidikan di Aceh Wais Alqarni; Aldianto Aldianto; Ahmalian Ahmalian; Aira Riska; Asyiatun Nabila; Widia Zahra; Muhammad Alief
Journal of Governance and Social Policy Vol 3, No 1 (2022): JUNE 2022
Publisher : Department of Government Studies, Universitas Syiah Kuala

One of the positive impacts of the issuance of Law on the Government of Aceh Number 11 of 2006 is the formation of a strong foundation to form specific regulations under it, and one of them is in the field of education. Strong regulations make Aceh able to get a large fiscal capacity in building education in Aceh. However, at the practical level, the large budget in the field of education has not been directly proportional to the quality of existing education. This study aims to see to what extent the existing special autonomy funds have been able to improve the quality of education in Aceh. Management theory is used as a focus in analyzing this issue. Qualitative research with a strong data-based literature review approach can be accounted for as a method in this research. The result of this research is that the budget allocation management of the special autonomy fund for education in Aceh is still not effective. This is because there are still many activities carried out that have not been fully targeted, weak coordination and cross-sectoral cooperation, lack of long-term quality training. Coupled with the lack of creative programs implemented in supporting the achievement of improving the quality of education in Aceh. Therefore, it is necessary to have proper management and close cooperation between the Aceh government and all relevant stakeholders in order to jointly improve the quality of education in Aceh.

Transformasi Digital Sebagai Media Promosi Pariwisata di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah (Studi Kasus: Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Aceh Tengah) Wildan Arfiga; Wais Alqarni; Afrijal Afrijal
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial & Ilmu Politik Vol 8, No 2 (2023): volume 8, Nomor 2, Mei 2023
Publisher : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial & Ilmu Politik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Transformasi digital sudah menjadi suatu kewajiban terhadap perubahan perkembangan zaman yang mempengaruhi seluruh sektor terkhusus pada pariwisata. Kabupaten Aceh Tengah merupakan wilayah perkembangan pembangunan pariwisata yang sudah selayaknya mengembangkan digital terhadap promosi pariwisata dengan penggunaan E-Government. tetapi sekarang ini, penerapan teknologi terhadap promosi belum dilakukan secara maksimal. Hal ini memberikan efek yang negatif baik kepada masyarakat maupun wisatawan yang masih bingung tentang bagaimana penjelasan khusus pada suatu wilayah destinasi wisata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui serta menjelaskan bagaimana upaya dan hambatan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap transformasi digital sebagai media promosi pariwisata. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah teori indikator keberhasilan penerapan E-Government, yang meliputi adanya Support (Pendukung), Capacity (Kapasitas), dan Value (Manfaat). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi sehingga menghasilkan data deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan digital E-Government secara khusus terhadap promosi pariwisata masih belum dilaksanakan secara maksimal. Oleh karena itu, ada tiga upaya pada indikator Support yang dilakukan pemerintah yaitu, peningkatan regulasi, pengalokasian dana, peningkatan infrastruktur. Terdapat dua upaya pada indikator Capacity yaitu, peningkatan SDM, dan pembuatan program. Terdapat dua upaya pada indikator Value yaitu, manfaat penunjang Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, dan manfaat peningkatan ilmu teknologi. Namun, dalam menjalankan upaya dan strategi tersebut, terdapat lima hambatan yang dihadapi oleh pemerintah, yaitu kurangnya SDM, kurangnya alokasi dana, kurangnya penerapan Standar Operasional Prosedur terhadap Pariwisata, kurangnya komitmen dan regulasi dari pemerintah, serta kurangnya kerjasama. Untuk itu, diharapkan pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Tengah dapat menjalankan transformasi digital dengan memanfaatkan E-Government sebagai media promosi pariwisata dengan menjalankan segala upaya yang direncanakan dan menanggulangi hambatan yang ada untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah, perkembangan masyarakat dan wilayah melalui pariwisata.DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AS A MEDIA TO PROMOTE TOURISM IN CENTRAL ACEH DISTRICT (Case Study: Central Aceh District Tourism Office)Digital transformation has become an obligation to the changing times that affect all sectors, especially in tourism. Central Aceh Regency is an area of growing tourism development that should develop digital towards tourism promotion with the use of E-Government. But now, the application of technology to promotion has not been carried out optimally. This has a negative effect on both the community and tourists who are still confused about how to explain specifically in a tourist destination area. The purpose of this research is to find out and explain how the efforts and obstacles made by the government towards digital transformation as a medium for tourism promotion. The theory used in the research is the theory of indicators of successful implementation of E-Government, which includes the existence of Support, Capacity, and Value. This research uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews, and documentation so as to produce descriptive data. The results showed that the utilization of digital E-Government specifically for tourism promotion is still not implemented optimally. Therefore, there are three efforts on the Support indicator made by the government, namely, increasing regulations, allocating funds, improving infrastructure. There are two efforts on the Capacity indicator, namely, increasing human resources, and making programs. There are two efforts on the Value indicator, namely, the benefits of supporting Economic Growth, and the benefits of increasing technological knowledge. However, in carrying out these efforts and strategies, there are five obstacles faced by the government, namely the lack of human resources, lack of funding allocation, lack of application of Standard Operating Procedures for Tourism, lack of commitment and regulation from the government, and lack of cooperation. For this reason, it is hoped that the Central Aceh Regency government can carry out digital transformation by utilizing E-Government as a medium for tourism promotion by carrying out all planned efforts and overcoming existing obstacles to increase regional economic growth, community and regional development through tourism.

Kebijakan LAPAS dalam Pembinaan dan Pembentukan Konsep Diri Petugas LPKA pada ANDIKPAS LPKA Kelas II Banda Aceh Novi Susilawati; Riska Nur Fatikah; Deni Yanuar; Wais Alqarni
Jurnal Pemerintahan dan Politik Vol. 8 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Indo Global Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36982/jpg.v8i2.2903

LPKA is not really a place to punish children with problems, but a place to educate children to become a better generation. This research will look at the policies of prison officers who take place at Class II LPKA Banda Aceh in fostering and forming self-concept towards Andikpas. The research was conducted at LPKA Class II Banda Aceh which is the only institution for fostering children who are in conflict with the law in Aceh Province. The type of approach used is descriptive qualitative. In-depth interviews were conducted with informants who are officers and andikpas at LPKA Class II Banda Aceh. The results of the study show that the coaching process that occurs has a positive impact on where the children are assisted. Andikpas interprets and assesses himself as a child who is in the process of learning. Coaching officers who are significant others have a greater influence on the formation of mind and self in andikpas so as to foster a positive self-concept in andikpas. Andikpas has a change in self-concept from negative to positive self-concept. They can become more organized and focused in life after conducting training at LPKA Class II Banda Aceh. Andikpas' understanding of the coaching process occurs during the coaching process taking place at LPKA. During his time at the coaching institute, andikpas did not feel like he was in a prison where someone who had punished.

Pengelolaan Dana Otonomi Khusus Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidikan di Aceh Wais Alqarni; Aldianto Aldianto; Ahmalian Ahmalian; Aira Riska; Asyiatun Nabila; Widia Zahra; Muhammad Alief
Journal of Governance and Social Policy Vol 3, No 1 (2022): JUNE 2022
Publisher : Department of Government Studies, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/gaspol.v3i1.26006

One of the positive impacts of the issuance of Law on the Government of Aceh Number 11 of 2006 is the formation of a strong foundation to form specific regulations under it, and one of them is in the field of education. Strong regulations make Aceh able to get a large fiscal capacity in building education in Aceh. However, at the practical level, the large budget in the field of education has not been directly proportional to the quality of existing education. This study aims to see to what extent the existing special autonomy funds have been able to improve the quality of education in Aceh. Management theory is used as a focus in analyzing this issue. Qualitative research with a strong data-based literature review approach can be accounted for as a method in this research. The result of this research is that the budget allocation management of the special autonomy fund for education in Aceh is still not effective. This is because there are still many activities carried out that have not been fully targeted, weak coordination and cross-sectoral cooperation, lack of long-term quality training. Coupled with the lack of creative programs implemented in supporting the achievement of improving the quality of education in Aceh. Therefore, it is necessary to have proper management and close cooperation between the Aceh government and all relevant stakeholders in order to jointly improve the quality of education in Aceh.

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